Effect of Humic Acid on Physical and Engineering Properties of Lime-Treated Organic Clay
The present work deals with the stabilisation of
organic clay using hydrated lime. Artificial organic clays were
prepared by adding kaolin and different humic acid contents. Results
given by physical testing show that the presence of humic acid has a
drawback effect on the untreated organic clay. The decrease in
specific gravity value was accompanied by a decrease in dry density
and plasticity of clay at higher humic acid contents. Significant
increase in shear strength at 7 days of curing period is observed in the
lime-treated samples up to 5% lime content. However shear strength
of lime-treated organic clay decreases at longer curing periods. The
results given by laboratory testing is further verified by
microstructure analysis. Based on the results obtained in this study, it
can be concluded that the presence of more than 1.5% humic acid
reduces significantly the efficiency of lime stabilization in organic
clays.
[1] ASTM, Standard D2487, "Standard Practice for Classification of Soils
for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)," Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, pp. 249-260, 2004.
[2] H. Chen, and Q. Wang, "The behaviour of organic matter in the process
of soft soil stabilization using cement," Bulletin Eng. Geol. Env., vol. 65,
no. 4, pp. 445-448, 2006.
[3] B. Huat, S. Maail, and T. Ahmed Mohamed, "Effect of chemical
admixtures on the engineering properties of tropical peat soils,"
American J. App. Sciences, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1113-1120, 2005.
[4] D.-H. Chen, Z. Si, and M. Saribudak, "Roadway Heaving Caused by
High Organic Matter," J. Perf. Const. Facilities, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 100-
108, 2009.
[5] W. Zhu, C. F. Chiu, C. L. Zhang, and K. L. Zeng, (2009). "Effect of
humic acid on the behaviour of solidified dredged material," Can. Geot.
J., vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1093-1099, 2009.
[6] K. E. Clare, and P. T. Sherwood, "Further studies on the effect of
organic matter on the setting of soil-cement mixtures," J. App. Chem.,
vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 317-324, 1956.
[7] K. Onitsuka, C. Modmoltin, M. Kouno, and T. Negami (2002). "The
effect of humic acid on lime stabilized Ariake Clay," in Proc. 12th Int.
Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., Kitakyushu, Japan, pp. 577-583, 2002.
[8] K. Onitsuka, C. Modmoltin, M. Kouno, and T. Negami, "Effect of
organic matter on lime and cement stabilized Ariake clays," Proc. Jap.
Soc. Civ. Eng., No. 729, pp. 1-13, 2003.
[9] S. Koslanant, K. Onitsuka, and T. Negami, (2006). "Influence of salt
additive in lime stabilization of organic clay," Geot. Eng. J., vol. 37, pp.
95-101, 2006.
[10] P. Harris, O. Harvey, S. Sebesta, S. R. Chikyala, A. Puppala, and S.
Saride, "Mitigating the effects of organics in stabilized soil," Technical
Report No. 0-5540-1, Texas Transportation Institute, USA, 2009.
[11] M. A. Sakr, and M. A. Shahin, "Utilization of lime for stabilizing soft
clay soil of high organic content," Geot. Geol. Eng., vol. 27, pp. 105-
113, 2009.
[12] ASTM, Standard D5102-96, "Standard Test Method for Unconfined
Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures," Annual Book
of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, pp. 1073-1078, 2004.
[13] British Standard 1377, "Methods of test for soils for civil engineering
purposes," British Standard Institution, London, 1990.
[14] H. Ahnberg, "Effects of back pressure and strain rate used in triaxial
testing of stabilized organic soils and clays," Geot. Test. J., vol. 27, no.
3, pp. 250-259, 2004.
[15] A. J. Puppala, S. P. Pokala, N. Intharasomba, and R. Williammee,
"Effects of organic matter on physical, strength, and volume change
properties of compost amended expansive clay," J. Geot. Geoen. Eng.,
vol. 133, no. 11, pp. 1449-1461, 2007.
[16] H. Ahnberg, S.-E. Johansson, H. Pihl, and T. Carlsson, "Stabilising
effects of different binders in some Swedish soils," Ground
Improvement, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9-23, 2003.
[17] British Standard 1924-2, "Stabilized materials for civil engineering
purposes. Part 2: Methods of test for cement-stabilized and limestabilized
materials," British Standard Institution, London, 1990.
[18] F.G. Bell, "Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils," Eng. Geol.,
vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 223-237, 1996.
[19] R. James, A. H. M. Kamruzzaman, A. Haque, and A. Wilkinson, (2008).
"Behaviour of lime-slag-treated clay," Ground Improvement, vol. 161,
no. 4, pp. 207-216, 2008.
[1] ASTM, Standard D2487, "Standard Practice for Classification of Soils
for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)," Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, pp. 249-260, 2004.
[2] H. Chen, and Q. Wang, "The behaviour of organic matter in the process
of soft soil stabilization using cement," Bulletin Eng. Geol. Env., vol. 65,
no. 4, pp. 445-448, 2006.
[3] B. Huat, S. Maail, and T. Ahmed Mohamed, "Effect of chemical
admixtures on the engineering properties of tropical peat soils,"
American J. App. Sciences, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1113-1120, 2005.
[4] D.-H. Chen, Z. Si, and M. Saribudak, "Roadway Heaving Caused by
High Organic Matter," J. Perf. Const. Facilities, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 100-
108, 2009.
[5] W. Zhu, C. F. Chiu, C. L. Zhang, and K. L. Zeng, (2009). "Effect of
humic acid on the behaviour of solidified dredged material," Can. Geot.
J., vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1093-1099, 2009.
[6] K. E. Clare, and P. T. Sherwood, "Further studies on the effect of
organic matter on the setting of soil-cement mixtures," J. App. Chem.,
vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 317-324, 1956.
[7] K. Onitsuka, C. Modmoltin, M. Kouno, and T. Negami (2002). "The
effect of humic acid on lime stabilized Ariake Clay," in Proc. 12th Int.
Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf., Kitakyushu, Japan, pp. 577-583, 2002.
[8] K. Onitsuka, C. Modmoltin, M. Kouno, and T. Negami, "Effect of
organic matter on lime and cement stabilized Ariake clays," Proc. Jap.
Soc. Civ. Eng., No. 729, pp. 1-13, 2003.
[9] S. Koslanant, K. Onitsuka, and T. Negami, (2006). "Influence of salt
additive in lime stabilization of organic clay," Geot. Eng. J., vol. 37, pp.
95-101, 2006.
[10] P. Harris, O. Harvey, S. Sebesta, S. R. Chikyala, A. Puppala, and S.
Saride, "Mitigating the effects of organics in stabilized soil," Technical
Report No. 0-5540-1, Texas Transportation Institute, USA, 2009.
[11] M. A. Sakr, and M. A. Shahin, "Utilization of lime for stabilizing soft
clay soil of high organic content," Geot. Geol. Eng., vol. 27, pp. 105-
113, 2009.
[12] ASTM, Standard D5102-96, "Standard Test Method for Unconfined
Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures," Annual Book
of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, pp. 1073-1078, 2004.
[13] British Standard 1377, "Methods of test for soils for civil engineering
purposes," British Standard Institution, London, 1990.
[14] H. Ahnberg, "Effects of back pressure and strain rate used in triaxial
testing of stabilized organic soils and clays," Geot. Test. J., vol. 27, no.
3, pp. 250-259, 2004.
[15] A. J. Puppala, S. P. Pokala, N. Intharasomba, and R. Williammee,
"Effects of organic matter on physical, strength, and volume change
properties of compost amended expansive clay," J. Geot. Geoen. Eng.,
vol. 133, no. 11, pp. 1449-1461, 2007.
[16] H. Ahnberg, S.-E. Johansson, H. Pihl, and T. Carlsson, "Stabilising
effects of different binders in some Swedish soils," Ground
Improvement, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9-23, 2003.
[17] British Standard 1924-2, "Stabilized materials for civil engineering
purposes. Part 2: Methods of test for cement-stabilized and limestabilized
materials," British Standard Institution, London, 1990.
[18] F.G. Bell, "Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils," Eng. Geol.,
vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 223-237, 1996.
[19] R. James, A. H. M. Kamruzzaman, A. Haque, and A. Wilkinson, (2008).
"Behaviour of lime-slag-treated clay," Ground Improvement, vol. 161,
no. 4, pp. 207-216, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:51926", author = "N. Z. Mohd Yunus and D. Wanatowski and L. R. Stace", title = "Effect of Humic Acid on Physical and Engineering Properties of Lime-Treated Organic Clay", abstract = "The present work deals with the stabilisation of
organic clay using hydrated lime. Artificial organic clays were
prepared by adding kaolin and different humic acid contents. Results
given by physical testing show that the presence of humic acid has a
drawback effect on the untreated organic clay. The decrease in
specific gravity value was accompanied by a decrease in dry density
and plasticity of clay at higher humic acid contents. Significant
increase in shear strength at 7 days of curing period is observed in the
lime-treated samples up to 5% lime content. However shear strength
of lime-treated organic clay decreases at longer curing periods. The
results given by laboratory testing is further verified by
microstructure analysis. Based on the results obtained in this study, it
can be concluded that the presence of more than 1.5% humic acid
reduces significantly the efficiency of lime stabilization in organic
clays.", keywords = "Humic acid, kaolin, lime, organic clay", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "651-6", }
