Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloy
This study demonstrates the feasibility of joining the commercial pure copper plates by friction stir welding (FSW). Microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties in terms of the joint efficiency were found 94.03 % compare to as receive base material (BM). The average hardness at the top was higher than bottom. Hardness of weld zone was higher than the base material. Different microstructure zones were revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The stirred zone (SZ) exhibited primary two phases namely, recrystallized grains and fine precipitates in matrix of copper.
[1] W.M.Thomas, E.D.Nicholas, J.C.Needham, M.G Murch, S.P.Temple,
C.J.Dawes, Improvements relating to friction welding. G. B. Patent No.
9125978. 8; (1991).
[2] W.M.Thomas, E.D.Nicholas, Friction stir welding for the transportation
industries. Mater Des (1997), 18(4-6):pp.269-73.
[3] C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel, R.A .Spurling, C.C.
Bampton, Effects of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075
aluminum. Scripta Mater (1997), 36(1): pp.69-75.
[4] M.W.Mahoney, C.G.Rhodes, J.G.Flintoff, W. H.Bingel, R.A.Spurling,
Properties of FSW 7075 T651 Aluminum, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29,
(1998) pp.1955-1964.
[5] G. Biallas, G. Braun, C.D. Donne, G. Staniek, W. Kaysser, Mechanical
properties and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded 2024-T4,
Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium "Friction Stir
Welding", TWI, (1999), CD-ROM.
[6] J. Adamowski, M. Szkodo, Friction Stir Welds (FSW) of aluminium
alloy AW6082-T6, Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007), pp.403-406.
[7] M. Vural, A. Ogur, G. Cam, C. Ozarpa, On the friction stir welding of
aluminium alloys EN AW 2024-0 and EN AW 5754-H22, Archives of
Materials Science and Engineering 28/1 (2007), pp.49-54.
[8] P. Cavaliere, F. Panella, Effect of tool position on the fatigue properties
of dissimilar 2024-7075 sheets joined by friction stir welding, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology 206 (2008), pp.249-255.
[9] A. Barcellona, G. Buffa, L. Fratini, D. Palmeri, On microstructural
phenomena occurring in friction stir welding of aluminium alloys,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 177 (2006), pp.340-343.
[10] S.T. Amancio-Filho, S. Sheikhi, J.F. dos Santos, C. Bolfarini,
Preliminary study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of
dissimilar friction stir welds in aircraft aluminium alloys 2024-T351 and
6056-T4, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 206 (2008),
pp.132-142.
[11] J.A. Esparza, W.C. Davis, E.A. Trillo, L.E. Murr, Friction-stir welding
of magnesium alloy AZ31B, Journal of Materials Science Letters 21
(2002), pp.917-920.
[12] B.M. Darras, M.K. Khraisheh, F.K. Abu-Farha, M.A. Omar, Friction stir
processing of commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy, Journal of Materials
Processing Technology 191 (2007), pp.77-81.
[13] T.J. Lienert, W.L. Stellwag, B.B. Grimmett, R.W. Warke, Friction Stir
Welding Studies on Mild Steel, Welding Journal, Research Supplement
82/1 (2003) pp.1-9.
[14] A.P. Reynolds, W. Tang, T. Gnaupel-Herold, H. Prask, Structure,
properties, and residual stress of 304L stainless steel friction stir welds,
Scripta Materialia 48 (2003), pp.1289-1294.
[15] H. Uzun, C.D. Donne, A. Argagnotto, T. Ghidini, C. Gambaro, Friction
stir welding of dissimilar Al 6013-T4 To X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel,
Materials and Design 26 (2005), pp.41-46.
[16] K. Kimapong, T. Watanabe, Friction Stir Welding of aluminum alloy to
steel, Welding Journal 83/10 (2004), pp.277-282.
[17] J. Ouyang, E. Yarrapareddy, R. Kovacevic, Microstructural evolution in
the friction stir welded 6061aluminum alloy (T6-temper condition) to
copper, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 172 (2006), pp.110-
122.
[18] A.C. Somasekharan, L.E. Murr, Microstructures in friction-stir welded
dissimilar magnesium alloys and magnesium alloys to 6061-T6
aluminum alloy, Materials Characterization 52 (2004), pp.49-64.
[19] W.B. Lee, S.B. Jung, The joint properties of copper by friction stir
welding, Materials Letters 58 (2004), pp.1041-1046.
[20] G.M. Xie, Z.Y. Maa, L. Geng, Development of a fine-grained
microstructure and the properties of a nugget zone in friction stir welded
pure copper, Scripta Materialia 57 (2007), pp.73-76.
[21] T. Sakthivel, J. Mukhopadhyay, Microstructure and mechanical
properties of friction stir welded copper, Journal of Materials Science 42
(2007), pp.8126-8129.
[22] H.S. Park, T. Kimura, T. Murakamic, Y. Naganod, K. Nakata, M. Ushio,
Microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welds of 60%
Cu-40% Zn copper alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A 371
(2004), pp.160-169.
[23] C. Meran, The joint properties of brass plates by friction stir welding,
Materials and Design 27 (2006), pp.719-726.
[24] ASM Handbook, vol.6-CD, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering, USA,
1993, pp.1872-1876.
[25] C.G. Andersson, R.E. Andrews, B.G.I. Dance, M.J. Russell, E.J. Olden,
R.M. Samderson, A comparison of copper canister fabrication by the
electron beam and friction stir processes, Proceedings of the 2nd
International Symposium "Friction Stir Welding", Gothenburg, 2000,
CD-ROM.
[26] Z. Barlas, H. Uzun, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction
stir butt welded dissimilar Cu/CuZn30 sheets, journal of Achievements
in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering VOLUME 30, ISSUE 2,
October 2008, pp.182-186.
[27] C.G. Andersson, R.E. Andrews, Proceedings of the First International
Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, California
(1999).
[28] K. Okamoto, M. Doi, S. Hirano, K. Aota, H. Okamura, Y. Aono, T.C.
Ping, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Friction Stir
Welding, Kobe, Japan (2001).
[29] Mukhopadhyay J, Sengar GS, Sakthivel T, Microstructure and
mechanical properties of friction stir weldedcopper, J Mater Sci (2007)
42:8126-8129 (2006) TMS 2006:103.
[30] K.Colligan, Material Flow Behavior during Friction Stir Welding of
Aluminum, Welding Research Supplement , (1999), pp.229-237.
[31] Won-Bae Lee, Seung-Boo Jung, The joint properties of copper by
friction stir welding, Materials Letters 58 (2004), pp.1041- 1046.
[32] N. Shanmuga Sundaram, N. Murugan, Tensile behavior of Dissimilar
Friction Stir Welds of aluminium allos, Materials and Design 31 (2010),
pp.4184-4193.
[1] W.M.Thomas, E.D.Nicholas, J.C.Needham, M.G Murch, S.P.Temple,
C.J.Dawes, Improvements relating to friction welding. G. B. Patent No.
9125978. 8; (1991).
[2] W.M.Thomas, E.D.Nicholas, Friction stir welding for the transportation
industries. Mater Des (1997), 18(4-6):pp.269-73.
[3] C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel, R.A .Spurling, C.C.
Bampton, Effects of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075
aluminum. Scripta Mater (1997), 36(1): pp.69-75.
[4] M.W.Mahoney, C.G.Rhodes, J.G.Flintoff, W. H.Bingel, R.A.Spurling,
Properties of FSW 7075 T651 Aluminum, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29,
(1998) pp.1955-1964.
[5] G. Biallas, G. Braun, C.D. Donne, G. Staniek, W. Kaysser, Mechanical
properties and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded 2024-T4,
Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium "Friction Stir
Welding", TWI, (1999), CD-ROM.
[6] J. Adamowski, M. Szkodo, Friction Stir Welds (FSW) of aluminium
alloy AW6082-T6, Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007), pp.403-406.
[7] M. Vural, A. Ogur, G. Cam, C. Ozarpa, On the friction stir welding of
aluminium alloys EN AW 2024-0 and EN AW 5754-H22, Archives of
Materials Science and Engineering 28/1 (2007), pp.49-54.
[8] P. Cavaliere, F. Panella, Effect of tool position on the fatigue properties
of dissimilar 2024-7075 sheets joined by friction stir welding, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology 206 (2008), pp.249-255.
[9] A. Barcellona, G. Buffa, L. Fratini, D. Palmeri, On microstructural
phenomena occurring in friction stir welding of aluminium alloys,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 177 (2006), pp.340-343.
[10] S.T. Amancio-Filho, S. Sheikhi, J.F. dos Santos, C. Bolfarini,
Preliminary study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of
dissimilar friction stir welds in aircraft aluminium alloys 2024-T351 and
6056-T4, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 206 (2008),
pp.132-142.
[11] J.A. Esparza, W.C. Davis, E.A. Trillo, L.E. Murr, Friction-stir welding
of magnesium alloy AZ31B, Journal of Materials Science Letters 21
(2002), pp.917-920.
[12] B.M. Darras, M.K. Khraisheh, F.K. Abu-Farha, M.A. Omar, Friction stir
processing of commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy, Journal of Materials
Processing Technology 191 (2007), pp.77-81.
[13] T.J. Lienert, W.L. Stellwag, B.B. Grimmett, R.W. Warke, Friction Stir
Welding Studies on Mild Steel, Welding Journal, Research Supplement
82/1 (2003) pp.1-9.
[14] A.P. Reynolds, W. Tang, T. Gnaupel-Herold, H. Prask, Structure,
properties, and residual stress of 304L stainless steel friction stir welds,
Scripta Materialia 48 (2003), pp.1289-1294.
[15] H. Uzun, C.D. Donne, A. Argagnotto, T. Ghidini, C. Gambaro, Friction
stir welding of dissimilar Al 6013-T4 To X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel,
Materials and Design 26 (2005), pp.41-46.
[16] K. Kimapong, T. Watanabe, Friction Stir Welding of aluminum alloy to
steel, Welding Journal 83/10 (2004), pp.277-282.
[17] J. Ouyang, E. Yarrapareddy, R. Kovacevic, Microstructural evolution in
the friction stir welded 6061aluminum alloy (T6-temper condition) to
copper, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 172 (2006), pp.110-
122.
[18] A.C. Somasekharan, L.E. Murr, Microstructures in friction-stir welded
dissimilar magnesium alloys and magnesium alloys to 6061-T6
aluminum alloy, Materials Characterization 52 (2004), pp.49-64.
[19] W.B. Lee, S.B. Jung, The joint properties of copper by friction stir
welding, Materials Letters 58 (2004), pp.1041-1046.
[20] G.M. Xie, Z.Y. Maa, L. Geng, Development of a fine-grained
microstructure and the properties of a nugget zone in friction stir welded
pure copper, Scripta Materialia 57 (2007), pp.73-76.
[21] T. Sakthivel, J. Mukhopadhyay, Microstructure and mechanical
properties of friction stir welded copper, Journal of Materials Science 42
(2007), pp.8126-8129.
[22] H.S. Park, T. Kimura, T. Murakamic, Y. Naganod, K. Nakata, M. Ushio,
Microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welds of 60%
Cu-40% Zn copper alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A 371
(2004), pp.160-169.
[23] C. Meran, The joint properties of brass plates by friction stir welding,
Materials and Design 27 (2006), pp.719-726.
[24] ASM Handbook, vol.6-CD, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering, USA,
1993, pp.1872-1876.
[25] C.G. Andersson, R.E. Andrews, B.G.I. Dance, M.J. Russell, E.J. Olden,
R.M. Samderson, A comparison of copper canister fabrication by the
electron beam and friction stir processes, Proceedings of the 2nd
International Symposium "Friction Stir Welding", Gothenburg, 2000,
CD-ROM.
[26] Z. Barlas, H. Uzun, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction
stir butt welded dissimilar Cu/CuZn30 sheets, journal of Achievements
in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering VOLUME 30, ISSUE 2,
October 2008, pp.182-186.
[27] C.G. Andersson, R.E. Andrews, Proceedings of the First International
Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, California
(1999).
[28] K. Okamoto, M. Doi, S. Hirano, K. Aota, H. Okamura, Y. Aono, T.C.
Ping, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Friction Stir
Welding, Kobe, Japan (2001).
[29] Mukhopadhyay J, Sengar GS, Sakthivel T, Microstructure and
mechanical properties of friction stir weldedcopper, J Mater Sci (2007)
42:8126-8129 (2006) TMS 2006:103.
[30] K.Colligan, Material Flow Behavior during Friction Stir Welding of
Aluminum, Welding Research Supplement , (1999), pp.229-237.
[31] Won-Bae Lee, Seung-Boo Jung, The joint properties of copper by
friction stir welding, Materials Letters 58 (2004), pp.1041- 1046.
[32] N. Shanmuga Sundaram, N. Murugan, Tensile behavior of Dissimilar
Friction Stir Welds of aluminium allos, Materials and Design 31 (2010),
pp.4184-4193.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:64199", author = "Dhananjayulu Avula and Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh and D.K.Dwivedi and N.K.Mehta", title = "Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloy", abstract = "This study demonstrates the feasibility of joining the commercial pure copper plates by friction stir welding (FSW). Microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties in terms of the joint efficiency were found 94.03 % compare to as receive base material (BM). The average hardness at the top was higher than bottom. Hardness of weld zone was higher than the base material. Different microstructure zones were revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The stirred zone (SZ) exhibited primary two phases namely, recrystallized grains and fine precipitates in matrix of copper.
", keywords = "Welding; FSW, Commercial Copper, Mechanical properties", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "491-9", }
