Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Soil Biological Indexes
Fertilization plays an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the best fertilization system for wheat production. Experiments were arranged in a complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. The addition of compost or farm yard manure significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon in comparison to the chemical fertilizer. The dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure and compost treatments.
[1] Anderson, J.M., and J.S. Ingram, 1993. Tropical Soil Biology and
Fertility. A handbook of methods. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
[2] Biederbeck, V.O., R.P. Zentner., and C.A. Campbell, 2005. Soil
microbial populations and activities as influenced by legume green
fallow in a semiarid climate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37: 1775-
1784.
[3] Chander, K., S. Goyal., D.P. Nandal., and K.K. Kapoor, 1998. Soil
organic matter, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical
agroforestry system. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 27: 168-172.
[4] Crecchio, C., M. Curci., R. Mininni., P. Ricciuti., and P. Ruggiero, 2001.
Short term effects of municipal solid waste compost amendments on soil
carbon and nitrogen content, some enzyme activities and genetic
diversity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34: 311-318.
[5] Giusquiani, P.L., G. Gigliotti., and D. Businelli, 1994. Long-term effects
of heavy metals from composted municipal waste on some enzyme
activities in a cultivated soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 17: 257-262.
[6] Haj Abbasi, M.A., and A. Hemmat, 2000. Tillage impacts on aggregate
stability and crop productivity in clay-loam soil in central Iran. Soil and
Tillage Research, 56: 205-212.
[7] Hemmat, H., and I. Eskandari, 2006. Dryland winter wheat response to
conservation tillage in a continuous cropping system in northwestern
Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 86: 99-109.
[8] Jin, K., S. Sleutel., D. Buchan., S. De Neve., D.X. Cai., D. Gabriels., and
J.Y. Jin, 2009. Changes of soil enzyme activities under different tillage
practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil and Tillage Research, 104:
115-120.
[9] Kandeler, E, 1996. Protease activity. In: Schinner F, Ohlinger R,
Kandeler E, Margesin R (Eds Methods in Soil Biology, Springer,
Berlin/Heidelberg/New York) pp. 165-168.
[10] Kandeler, E., D. Tscherko., and H. Spiegel, 1999. Long-term monitoring
of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a
Chernozem under different tillage management. Biology and Fertility of
Soils, 28: 343-351.
[11] Karlen, D.L., and D.T. Gooden, 1987. Tillage systems for wheat
production in the southeastern Coastal Plains. Agronomy Journal, 79:
582-587.
[12] Leita, L., M. De Nobilli., C. Mondini., G. Muhlbacova., L. Marchiol., G.
Bragato., and M. Contin, 1999. Influence of inorganic and organic
fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy
metal bioavailability. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4: 371-376.
[13] Li, C.H., B.L. Ma., and T.Q. Zhang, 2002. Soil bulk density effects on
soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of
maize (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 82: 147-154.
[14] Lundquist, E.J., L.E. Jackson., K.M. Scow., and C. Hsu, 1999. Changes
in microbial biomass and community composition and soil carbon and
nitrogen pools after incorporation of rye into three California
agricultural soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31: 221-236.
[15] Lynch, J.M, 1983. Soil Biotechnology. Blackwell, Oxford, 191 pp.
[16] Madejon, E., F. Moreno., J.M. Murillo., and F. Pelegrn, 2007. Soil
biochemical response to long-term conservation tillage under semi-arid
Mediterranean conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 94: 346-352.
[17] Mandal, A., A.K. Patra., D. Singh., A. Swarup., and R.E. Masto, 2007.
Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological
and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages.
Bioresource Technology, 98: 3585-3592.
[18] Marinari, S., G. Masciandaro., B. Ceccanti., and S. Grego, 2000.
Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and
physical properties. Bioresoruce Technology, 72: 9-17.
[19] Martens, D.A., J.B. Johanson., and J.W.T. Frankenberger, 1992.
Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of
organic residues. Soil Science, 153: 53-61.
[20] Nannipieri, P., B. Ceccanti., S. Cervelli., and P. Sequi, 1974. Use of 0.1
M pyrophosphate to extract urease from a podzol. Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 6: 359-362.
[21] Naseby, D.C., and J.M. Lynch, 1997. Rhizosphere soil enzymes as
indicators of perturbation caused by a genetically modified strain of
Pseudomonas fluorescens on wheat seed, Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 29: 1353-1362.
[22] Nayak, D.R., Y.J. Babu., and T.K. Adhya, 2007. Long-term application
of compost influences microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a
tropical Aeric Endoaquept planted to rice under flooded condition. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 1897-1906.
[23] Nishio, M., and S. Kusano, 1980. Fluctuation patterns of microbial
numbers in soil applied with compost. Soil Science. Plant Nutrition, 26:
581-593.
[24] Peltzer, S.C., A.I.A. Hashem., B.V.A. Osten., C.M.L. Gupta., D.A.J.
Diggle., E.G.P. Riethmuller., F.A. Douglas., G.L.M. Moore., and H.
Koetz, 2009. Weed management in wide-row cropping systems: a
review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems.
Crop and Pasture Science, 60: 395-406.
[25] Rice, P.J., L.L. McConnell., L.P. Heighton., A.M. Sadeghi., A.R.
Isensee., J.R. Teasdale, A.A. Abdul-Baki., J.A. Harman-Fetcho., and
C.J. Hapeman, 2001. Runoff loss of pesticides and soil: a comparison
between vegetative mulch and plastic mulch in vegetable production
systems. Journal of Environment Quality, 30: 1808- 1821.
[26] SAS Institute, 2003. The SAS system for windows. Release 9.1, SAS
Inst, Cary, NC.
[27] Schillinger, W. F, 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for
dryland spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science, 45: 2636-2643.
[28] Serra-Wittling, C., S. Houot., and E. Barriuso, 1995. Soil enzymatic
response to addition of municipal solid-waste compost. Biology and
Fertility of Soils, 20: 226-236.
[29] Shams Abadi, H.A., and S. Rafiee, 2007. Study on the effect of tillage
practices and different seed densities on yield of rainfed wheat. Iranian
Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, 13: 95-102.
[30] Tabatabai, M.A., and J.M. Bremner, 1969. Use of p-nitrophenol
phosphate in assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 1: 301-307.
[31] Tarafdar, J.C., and H. Marschner, 1994. Phosphatase activity in the
rhizosphere and hyphosphere of VA mycorrhizal wheat supplied with
inorganic and organic phosphorus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26:
387-395.
[32] Tarkalsona, D.D., G.W. Hergertb., and K.G. Cassman, 2006. Long-term
effects of tillage on soil chemical properties and grain yields of a
dryland winter wheat sorghum-corn-fallow rotation in the Great Plains.
Agronomy Journal, 98: 26-33.
[33] Wlodarczyk, T., W. Stepniewski., and M. Brzezinska. 2002.
Dehydrogenase activity, redox potential, and emissions of carbon
dioxide and nitrous oxide from Cambisols under flooding conditions.
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 36: 200-206.
[34] Wu, J., R.G. Joergensen., B. Pommerening., R. Chaussod., and P.C.
Brookes, 1990. Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation
extraction an automated procedure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 22:
1167-1169.
[1] Anderson, J.M., and J.S. Ingram, 1993. Tropical Soil Biology and
Fertility. A handbook of methods. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
[2] Biederbeck, V.O., R.P. Zentner., and C.A. Campbell, 2005. Soil
microbial populations and activities as influenced by legume green
fallow in a semiarid climate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37: 1775-
1784.
[3] Chander, K., S. Goyal., D.P. Nandal., and K.K. Kapoor, 1998. Soil
organic matter, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical
agroforestry system. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 27: 168-172.
[4] Crecchio, C., M. Curci., R. Mininni., P. Ricciuti., and P. Ruggiero, 2001.
Short term effects of municipal solid waste compost amendments on soil
carbon and nitrogen content, some enzyme activities and genetic
diversity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34: 311-318.
[5] Giusquiani, P.L., G. Gigliotti., and D. Businelli, 1994. Long-term effects
of heavy metals from composted municipal waste on some enzyme
activities in a cultivated soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 17: 257-262.
[6] Haj Abbasi, M.A., and A. Hemmat, 2000. Tillage impacts on aggregate
stability and crop productivity in clay-loam soil in central Iran. Soil and
Tillage Research, 56: 205-212.
[7] Hemmat, H., and I. Eskandari, 2006. Dryland winter wheat response to
conservation tillage in a continuous cropping system in northwestern
Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 86: 99-109.
[8] Jin, K., S. Sleutel., D. Buchan., S. De Neve., D.X. Cai., D. Gabriels., and
J.Y. Jin, 2009. Changes of soil enzyme activities under different tillage
practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil and Tillage Research, 104:
115-120.
[9] Kandeler, E, 1996. Protease activity. In: Schinner F, Ohlinger R,
Kandeler E, Margesin R (Eds Methods in Soil Biology, Springer,
Berlin/Heidelberg/New York) pp. 165-168.
[10] Kandeler, E., D. Tscherko., and H. Spiegel, 1999. Long-term monitoring
of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a
Chernozem under different tillage management. Biology and Fertility of
Soils, 28: 343-351.
[11] Karlen, D.L., and D.T. Gooden, 1987. Tillage systems for wheat
production in the southeastern Coastal Plains. Agronomy Journal, 79:
582-587.
[12] Leita, L., M. De Nobilli., C. Mondini., G. Muhlbacova., L. Marchiol., G.
Bragato., and M. Contin, 1999. Influence of inorganic and organic
fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy
metal bioavailability. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4: 371-376.
[13] Li, C.H., B.L. Ma., and T.Q. Zhang, 2002. Soil bulk density effects on
soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of
maize (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 82: 147-154.
[14] Lundquist, E.J., L.E. Jackson., K.M. Scow., and C. Hsu, 1999. Changes
in microbial biomass and community composition and soil carbon and
nitrogen pools after incorporation of rye into three California
agricultural soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31: 221-236.
[15] Lynch, J.M, 1983. Soil Biotechnology. Blackwell, Oxford, 191 pp.
[16] Madejon, E., F. Moreno., J.M. Murillo., and F. Pelegrn, 2007. Soil
biochemical response to long-term conservation tillage under semi-arid
Mediterranean conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 94: 346-352.
[17] Mandal, A., A.K. Patra., D. Singh., A. Swarup., and R.E. Masto, 2007.
Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological
and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages.
Bioresource Technology, 98: 3585-3592.
[18] Marinari, S., G. Masciandaro., B. Ceccanti., and S. Grego, 2000.
Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and
physical properties. Bioresoruce Technology, 72: 9-17.
[19] Martens, D.A., J.B. Johanson., and J.W.T. Frankenberger, 1992.
Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of
organic residues. Soil Science, 153: 53-61.
[20] Nannipieri, P., B. Ceccanti., S. Cervelli., and P. Sequi, 1974. Use of 0.1
M pyrophosphate to extract urease from a podzol. Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 6: 359-362.
[21] Naseby, D.C., and J.M. Lynch, 1997. Rhizosphere soil enzymes as
indicators of perturbation caused by a genetically modified strain of
Pseudomonas fluorescens on wheat seed, Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 29: 1353-1362.
[22] Nayak, D.R., Y.J. Babu., and T.K. Adhya, 2007. Long-term application
of compost influences microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a
tropical Aeric Endoaquept planted to rice under flooded condition. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 1897-1906.
[23] Nishio, M., and S. Kusano, 1980. Fluctuation patterns of microbial
numbers in soil applied with compost. Soil Science. Plant Nutrition, 26:
581-593.
[24] Peltzer, S.C., A.I.A. Hashem., B.V.A. Osten., C.M.L. Gupta., D.A.J.
Diggle., E.G.P. Riethmuller., F.A. Douglas., G.L.M. Moore., and H.
Koetz, 2009. Weed management in wide-row cropping systems: a
review of current practices and risks for Australian farming systems.
Crop and Pasture Science, 60: 395-406.
[25] Rice, P.J., L.L. McConnell., L.P. Heighton., A.M. Sadeghi., A.R.
Isensee., J.R. Teasdale, A.A. Abdul-Baki., J.A. Harman-Fetcho., and
C.J. Hapeman, 2001. Runoff loss of pesticides and soil: a comparison
between vegetative mulch and plastic mulch in vegetable production
systems. Journal of Environment Quality, 30: 1808- 1821.
[26] SAS Institute, 2003. The SAS system for windows. Release 9.1, SAS
Inst, Cary, NC.
[27] Schillinger, W. F, 2005. Tillage method and sowing rate relations for
dryland spring wheat, barley, and oat. Crop Science, 45: 2636-2643.
[28] Serra-Wittling, C., S. Houot., and E. Barriuso, 1995. Soil enzymatic
response to addition of municipal solid-waste compost. Biology and
Fertility of Soils, 20: 226-236.
[29] Shams Abadi, H.A., and S. Rafiee, 2007. Study on the effect of tillage
practices and different seed densities on yield of rainfed wheat. Iranian
Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, 13: 95-102.
[30] Tabatabai, M.A., and J.M. Bremner, 1969. Use of p-nitrophenol
phosphate in assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, 1: 301-307.
[31] Tarafdar, J.C., and H. Marschner, 1994. Phosphatase activity in the
rhizosphere and hyphosphere of VA mycorrhizal wheat supplied with
inorganic and organic phosphorus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26:
387-395.
[32] Tarkalsona, D.D., G.W. Hergertb., and K.G. Cassman, 2006. Long-term
effects of tillage on soil chemical properties and grain yields of a
dryland winter wheat sorghum-corn-fallow rotation in the Great Plains.
Agronomy Journal, 98: 26-33.
[33] Wlodarczyk, T., W. Stepniewski., and M. Brzezinska. 2002.
Dehydrogenase activity, redox potential, and emissions of carbon
dioxide and nitrous oxide from Cambisols under flooding conditions.
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 36: 200-206.
[34] Wu, J., R.G. Joergensen., B. Pommerening., R. Chaussod., and P.C.
Brookes, 1990. Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation
extraction an automated procedure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 22:
1167-1169.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:52281", author = "Khosro Mohammadi", title = "Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Soil Biological Indexes", abstract = "Fertilization plays an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the best fertilization system for wheat production. Experiments were arranged in a complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. The addition of compost or farm yard manure significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon in comparison to the chemical fertilizer. The dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure and compost treatments.
", keywords = "Enzyme activity, fertilization, microbial biomasscarbon, wheat.", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "338-4", }
