Effect of Bentonite on the Properties of Liquid Insulating Oil
Bentonitic material from South Aswan, Egypt was evaluated in terms of mineral-ogy and chemical composition as bleaching clay in refining of transformer oil before and after acid activation and thermal treatment followed by acid leaching using HCl and H2SO4 for different contact times. Structural modification and refining power of bento-nite were investigated during modification by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that the activated bentonite could be used for refining of transformer oil. The oil parameters such as; dielectric strength, viscosity and flash point had been improved. The dielectric breakdown strength of used oil increased from 29 kV for used oil treated with unactivated bentonite to 74 kV after treatment with activated bentonite. Kinematic Viscosity changed from 19 to 11 mm2 /s after treatment with activated bentonite. However, flash point achieved 149 ºC.
[1] D.Peterchuck,A.Pahwa, "Sensitivity of transformer-s hottest-spot and
equivalent aging to selected parameters, " IEEE Trans. Power
Deliv.17,2002.
[2] A.S.Ahuja, "Augmentation of heat transport in laminar flow of
polystyrene suspension. I:Experiments and result," J.Appl.Phys.46,1975.
[3] D. Yue-fan, L. Yu-zhen , W. Fo-chi, L. Xiao-xin, and L. Cheng-rong,
"Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Strength of
Transformer Oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation,
USA, 2010.
[4] V.M. Montsinger "Loading transformer by temperature" AIEE
transactions, Bd. 49, 1930.
[5] DIN IEC 60076-7: 2008 02, "Power transformers - Part 7: Loading
guide for oil-immersed power transformers".
[6] C. Sumereder and M. Muhr, "Moisture Determination and Degradation
of Solid Insulation System of Power Transformers", IEEE Inter.
National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation, USA, 2010.
[7] G.Balzer, F. Heil, P. Kirchesch, D. Drecher, R. Meister, C. Neumann
"Evaluation of Failure Data of HV Circuit-Breakers" A3-305, Cigré
Session, 2004.
[8] R. Eberhardt, H. M. Muhr, W. Lick, B. Wieser, R. Schwarz, and G.
Pukel, "Partial discharge behaviour of an alternative insulating liquid
compared to mineral oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical
Insulation, USA, 2010.
[9] B. Németh, S. Laboncz, I. Kiss, and G. Csépes, "Transformer condition
analyzing expert system using fuzzy neural system", IEEE Inter.
National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation, USA, 2010.
[10] N. Naphthenics AB, "Transformer oil handbook", Sweden, 2004.
[11] DU Yue-fan, LV Yu-zhen , WANG Fo-chi, LI Xiao-xin, LI Cheng-rong,
"Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Strength of
Transformer Oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation,
USA, 2010.
[12] J. Venaruzzo, C. Volzone, M.L. Rueda and, J. Ortiga, '' Influence of
thermal treatment of the modified bentonite on retention chromium
from solution'' , Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 56, 73. 2002.
[13] C. Volzone and, J. Ortiga, '' Adsorption of gaseous SO2 and structural
changes of montmorillonite'' Appl. Clay Sci. 44, 251. 2009
[14] M. S. Hassan, '' Textural and Structural Modification of Homo-ionic
Montmorillonite'', Adsorption Science & Technology, Vol. 27 No. 8,
2009
[15] M.S. Hassan and H. El-Shall, ''Texture and Microstructure of Thermallytreated
Acid-leached Kaolinitic Clays'', Science & Technology Vol. 27
No. 7 2009
[16] J.H. de Boer, ''In The Structure and Properties of Porous Materials,
Everett, D.H., Stone, F.S., Eds, Academic Press, New York/London,
1958
[17] E.P. Barrett, L.G. Joyner and P.H. Halenda, ''
''J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 373. (1951)
[18] V.C. Farmer, "Layer Silicates", in Infrared Spectra of Minerals, Farmer,
V.C., Ed, Mineralogical Society of London, pp. 331-363. 1974
[19] J. Madejová, H. Pálková and P. Komadel, Clay Miner. 37, 377.
2002b.
[20] S. Andrejkovicˇová, J. Madejová, , A. Czímerová, I. Galko, R.
Dohrmann, and P. Komadel, Geol.Zborn. Geol. Carpath. 57, 371. 2006
[1] D.Peterchuck,A.Pahwa, "Sensitivity of transformer-s hottest-spot and
equivalent aging to selected parameters, " IEEE Trans. Power
Deliv.17,2002.
[2] A.S.Ahuja, "Augmentation of heat transport in laminar flow of
polystyrene suspension. I:Experiments and result," J.Appl.Phys.46,1975.
[3] D. Yue-fan, L. Yu-zhen , W. Fo-chi, L. Xiao-xin, and L. Cheng-rong,
"Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Strength of
Transformer Oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation,
USA, 2010.
[4] V.M. Montsinger "Loading transformer by temperature" AIEE
transactions, Bd. 49, 1930.
[5] DIN IEC 60076-7: 2008 02, "Power transformers - Part 7: Loading
guide for oil-immersed power transformers".
[6] C. Sumereder and M. Muhr, "Moisture Determination and Degradation
of Solid Insulation System of Power Transformers", IEEE Inter.
National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation, USA, 2010.
[7] G.Balzer, F. Heil, P. Kirchesch, D. Drecher, R. Meister, C. Neumann
"Evaluation of Failure Data of HV Circuit-Breakers" A3-305, Cigré
Session, 2004.
[8] R. Eberhardt, H. M. Muhr, W. Lick, B. Wieser, R. Schwarz, and G.
Pukel, "Partial discharge behaviour of an alternative insulating liquid
compared to mineral oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical
Insulation, USA, 2010.
[9] B. Németh, S. Laboncz, I. Kiss, and G. Csépes, "Transformer condition
analyzing expert system using fuzzy neural system", IEEE Inter.
National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation, USA, 2010.
[10] N. Naphthenics AB, "Transformer oil handbook", Sweden, 2004.
[11] DU Yue-fan, LV Yu-zhen , WANG Fo-chi, LI Xiao-xin, LI Cheng-rong,
"Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Strength of
Transformer Oil", IEEE Inter. National Symp. 0n Electrical Insulation,
USA, 2010.
[12] J. Venaruzzo, C. Volzone, M.L. Rueda and, J. Ortiga, '' Influence of
thermal treatment of the modified bentonite on retention chromium
from solution'' , Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 56, 73. 2002.
[13] C. Volzone and, J. Ortiga, '' Adsorption of gaseous SO2 and structural
changes of montmorillonite'' Appl. Clay Sci. 44, 251. 2009
[14] M. S. Hassan, '' Textural and Structural Modification of Homo-ionic
Montmorillonite'', Adsorption Science & Technology, Vol. 27 No. 8,
2009
[15] M.S. Hassan and H. El-Shall, ''Texture and Microstructure of Thermallytreated
Acid-leached Kaolinitic Clays'', Science & Technology Vol. 27
No. 7 2009
[16] J.H. de Boer, ''In The Structure and Properties of Porous Materials,
Everett, D.H., Stone, F.S., Eds, Academic Press, New York/London,
1958
[17] E.P. Barrett, L.G. Joyner and P.H. Halenda, ''
''J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 373. (1951)
[18] V.C. Farmer, "Layer Silicates", in Infrared Spectra of Minerals, Farmer,
V.C., Ed, Mineralogical Society of London, pp. 331-363. 1974
[19] J. Madejová, H. Pálková and P. Komadel, Clay Miner. 37, 377.
2002b.
[20] S. Andrejkovicˇová, J. Madejová, , A. Czímerová, I. Galko, R.
Dohrmann, and P. Komadel, Geol.Zborn. Geol. Carpath. 57, 371. 2006
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61260", author = "Loai Nasrat and Mervat S. Hassan", title = "Effect of Bentonite on the Properties of Liquid Insulating Oil", abstract = "Bentonitic material from South Aswan, Egypt was evaluated in terms of mineral-ogy and chemical composition as bleaching clay in refining of transformer oil before and after acid activation and thermal treatment followed by acid leaching using HCl and H2SO4 for different contact times. Structural modification and refining power of bento-nite were investigated during modification by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that the activated bentonite could be used for refining of transformer oil. The oil parameters such as; dielectric strength, viscosity and flash point had been improved. The dielectric breakdown strength of used oil increased from 29 kV for used oil treated with unactivated bentonite to 74 kV after treatment with activated bentonite. Kinematic Viscosity changed from 19 to 11 mm2 /s after treatment with activated bentonite. However, flash point achieved 149 ºC.
", keywords = "Dielectric strength, unactivated bentonite, X-ray
diffraction, SEM image", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "805-7", }
