Effect of Alkali Treatment on Impact Behavior of Areca Fibers Reinforced Polymer Composites
Natural fibers are considered to have potential use as reinforcing agents in polymer composite materials because of their principal benefits: moderate strength and stiffness, low cost, and being an environmental friendly, degradable, and renewable material. A study has been carried out to evaluate impact properties of composites made by areca fibers reinforced urea formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde and epoxy resins. The extracted areca fibers from the areca husk were alkali treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain better interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Then composites were produced by means of compression molding technique with varying process parameters, such as fiber condition (untreated and alkali treated), and fiber loading percentages (50% and 60% by weight). The developed areca fiber reinforced composites were then characterized by impact test. The results show that, impact strength increase with increase in the loading percentage. It is observed that, treated areca fiber reinforcement increases impact strength when compared to untreated areca fiber reinforcement.
[1] Joseph, Kuruvilla, Varghese, Siby, Kalaprasad G., Thomas, Sabu,
Prasannakumari L and Pavithran C, “Influence of interfacial adhesion on
the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal fibre
reinforced polymer composites”, European Poly. Jour., vol. 32, pp.
1243-1250, 1996.
[2] Oksman K, Wallström L, Berglund LA and Toledo FilhoRD,
“Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal-epoxy
composites”, Jour. of App. Poly. Sci., vol. 84, pp. 2358-2365, 2002.
[3] De, Albuquerque A C, Joseph, Kuruvilla, Laura Hecker de Carvalho and
Jose Roberto, “Effect of wettability and ageing conditions on the
physical and mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented jute-rovingreinforced
polyester composites”, Comp. Sci. and Tech., vol. 60, pp.
833-844, 2000.
[4] Kafi, Abdullah-Al, “Study on the mechanical properties of jute/glass
fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites: effect of
surface modification by ultraviolet radiation”, Jour. of Rein. Plas. and
Comp., vol. 25, pp. 575-588, 2006.
[5] Bhattcharyya, Timir Baran, Biswas, Amit Kumar, Chatterjee, Jaydev and
Pramanick, Dinabandhu, “Short pineapple leaf fibre reinforced rubber
composites”, Plas. and Rubber Pro. and App., vol. 6, pp. 119-125, 1986.
[6] Jayamol George, Sreekala M S and Thomas Sabu, “Stress relaxation
behavior of short pineapple fiber reinforced polyethylene composites”,
Jour. of Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 17, pp. 651-672, 1998.
[7] Uma Devi L, Bhagawan S S and Thomas, S, “Mechanical properties of
pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites”, Jour. of App.
Poly. Sci., vol. 64, pp.1739-1748, 1997.
[8] Mishra S, Misra M, Tripathy S S, Nayak S K and Mohanty A K,
“Potentiality of pineapple leaf fibre as reinforcement in palf-polyester
composite: Surface Modification and Mechanical Performance”, Jour. of
Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 20, pp.321-334, 2001.
[9] Pothan, Laly A, Thomas, Sabu and Neelakantan N R, “Short banana
fiber reinforced polyester composites: Mechanical, failure and aging
characteristics”, Jour. of Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 16, pp.744-765,
1997.
[10] German Quintana, Jorge Velasquez, Santiago Betancourt and Piedad
Ganan, “Binderless fibreboard from steam exploded banana bunch”,
Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 29, pp.60-66, 2009.
[11] Liu H, Wu Q and Zhang Q, “Preparation and properties of banana fiberreinforced
composites based on high density polyethylene
(HDPE)/Nylon-6 blends”, BioresourceTech, vol.100, pp. 6088-6097,
2009.
[12] Rozman H D, Tay G S, Kumar R N, Abubakar, Ismail H and Mohd.
Ishak, Z A, “Polypropylene hybrid composites: a preliminary study on
the use of glass and coconut fiber as reinforcements in polypropylene
composites”, Polymer-Plastics Tech. and Engg., vol. 38, pp. 997-1011,
1999.
[13] Khalil, Abdul, Hanida S, Kang C W and Nik Fuaad N A, “Agro-hybrid
Composite: The effects on mechanical and physical properties of oil
palm fiber (efb)/glass hybrid reinforced polyester composites”, Jour. of
Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 26, pp. 203-218, 2009.
[14] Bledzki, A K, Sperber, V E and Faruk O, “Natural and wood fibre
reinforcement in polymers”, Rapra Review Reports, vol. 13, 152. 2002.
[15] Wambua P, Ivens J and Verpoest I, “Natural fibres: Can they replace
glass in fibre reinforced plastics?”, Composites Science and Technology,
vol. 63, pp. 1259-1264, 2003.
[16] Akhila Rajan, Jayalakshmi Gopinadha Kurup, “Biosoftening of arecanut
fiber for value added products”, Bioche. Engg. Jour., vol.25, pp. 237-
242, 2005.
[17] Arifulla A and Goutham N, “Mechanical characterization of areca
composites-an experimental study”, B.E dissertation, Dept. of
Mechanical Engineering, GM instiute of Technology, Davangere, 2007.
[18] Anil S G, Ashish J, Jaeethendra H J and Santhosh T, “Effect of matrix
and composite curing time on mechanical behaviour of areca composites
– an experimental study”, B.E dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, GM instiute of Technology, Davangere, 2007.
[19] Swamy R P, Kumar, Mohan G C, and Vrushabhendrappa Y, “Study of
areca-reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites”, Jour. of Rein. Plas.
and Comp., vol.23, pp. 1372-1382, 2004.
[20] Zhong J B, Lv J and Wei C, “Mechanical properties of sisal fibre
reinforced urea formaldehyde resin composites”, Express Poly. Letters,
vol. 1, pp. 681–687, 2007.
[21] Bharath K N, Swamy R P, Kumar and Mohan G C, “Experimental
studies on biodegradable and swelling characteristics of natural fibers
composites”, Int. Jour. Of Agri. Sci., Vol. 2, pp. 01-04, 2010.
[22] John, Maya Jacob and Rajesh D, “Recent developments in chemical
modification and characterization of natural fiber reinforced
composites”, Polymer Comp., pp.187-207, 2008.
[1] Joseph, Kuruvilla, Varghese, Siby, Kalaprasad G., Thomas, Sabu,
Prasannakumari L and Pavithran C, “Influence of interfacial adhesion on
the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short sisal fibre
reinforced polymer composites”, European Poly. Jour., vol. 32, pp.
1243-1250, 1996.
[2] Oksman K, Wallström L, Berglund LA and Toledo FilhoRD,
“Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal-epoxy
composites”, Jour. of App. Poly. Sci., vol. 84, pp. 2358-2365, 2002.
[3] De, Albuquerque A C, Joseph, Kuruvilla, Laura Hecker de Carvalho and
Jose Roberto, “Effect of wettability and ageing conditions on the
physical and mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented jute-rovingreinforced
polyester composites”, Comp. Sci. and Tech., vol. 60, pp.
833-844, 2000.
[4] Kafi, Abdullah-Al, “Study on the mechanical properties of jute/glass
fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites: effect of
surface modification by ultraviolet radiation”, Jour. of Rein. Plas. and
Comp., vol. 25, pp. 575-588, 2006.
[5] Bhattcharyya, Timir Baran, Biswas, Amit Kumar, Chatterjee, Jaydev and
Pramanick, Dinabandhu, “Short pineapple leaf fibre reinforced rubber
composites”, Plas. and Rubber Pro. and App., vol. 6, pp. 119-125, 1986.
[6] Jayamol George, Sreekala M S and Thomas Sabu, “Stress relaxation
behavior of short pineapple fiber reinforced polyethylene composites”,
Jour. of Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 17, pp. 651-672, 1998.
[7] Uma Devi L, Bhagawan S S and Thomas, S, “Mechanical properties of
pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites”, Jour. of App.
Poly. Sci., vol. 64, pp.1739-1748, 1997.
[8] Mishra S, Misra M, Tripathy S S, Nayak S K and Mohanty A K,
“Potentiality of pineapple leaf fibre as reinforcement in palf-polyester
composite: Surface Modification and Mechanical Performance”, Jour. of
Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 20, pp.321-334, 2001.
[9] Pothan, Laly A, Thomas, Sabu and Neelakantan N R, “Short banana
fiber reinforced polyester composites: Mechanical, failure and aging
characteristics”, Jour. of Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 16, pp.744-765,
1997.
[10] German Quintana, Jorge Velasquez, Santiago Betancourt and Piedad
Ganan, “Binderless fibreboard from steam exploded banana bunch”,
Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 29, pp.60-66, 2009.
[11] Liu H, Wu Q and Zhang Q, “Preparation and properties of banana fiberreinforced
composites based on high density polyethylene
(HDPE)/Nylon-6 blends”, BioresourceTech, vol.100, pp. 6088-6097,
2009.
[12] Rozman H D, Tay G S, Kumar R N, Abubakar, Ismail H and Mohd.
Ishak, Z A, “Polypropylene hybrid composites: a preliminary study on
the use of glass and coconut fiber as reinforcements in polypropylene
composites”, Polymer-Plastics Tech. and Engg., vol. 38, pp. 997-1011,
1999.
[13] Khalil, Abdul, Hanida S, Kang C W and Nik Fuaad N A, “Agro-hybrid
Composite: The effects on mechanical and physical properties of oil
palm fiber (efb)/glass hybrid reinforced polyester composites”, Jour. of
Rein. Plas. and Comp., vol. 26, pp. 203-218, 2009.
[14] Bledzki, A K, Sperber, V E and Faruk O, “Natural and wood fibre
reinforcement in polymers”, Rapra Review Reports, vol. 13, 152. 2002.
[15] Wambua P, Ivens J and Verpoest I, “Natural fibres: Can they replace
glass in fibre reinforced plastics?”, Composites Science and Technology,
vol. 63, pp. 1259-1264, 2003.
[16] Akhila Rajan, Jayalakshmi Gopinadha Kurup, “Biosoftening of arecanut
fiber for value added products”, Bioche. Engg. Jour., vol.25, pp. 237-
242, 2005.
[17] Arifulla A and Goutham N, “Mechanical characterization of areca
composites-an experimental study”, B.E dissertation, Dept. of
Mechanical Engineering, GM instiute of Technology, Davangere, 2007.
[18] Anil S G, Ashish J, Jaeethendra H J and Santhosh T, “Effect of matrix
and composite curing time on mechanical behaviour of areca composites
– an experimental study”, B.E dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, GM instiute of Technology, Davangere, 2007.
[19] Swamy R P, Kumar, Mohan G C, and Vrushabhendrappa Y, “Study of
areca-reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites”, Jour. of Rein. Plas.
and Comp., vol.23, pp. 1372-1382, 2004.
[20] Zhong J B, Lv J and Wei C, “Mechanical properties of sisal fibre
reinforced urea formaldehyde resin composites”, Express Poly. Letters,
vol. 1, pp. 681–687, 2007.
[21] Bharath K N, Swamy R P, Kumar and Mohan G C, “Experimental
studies on biodegradable and swelling characteristics of natural fibers
composites”, Int. Jour. Of Agri. Sci., Vol. 2, pp. 01-04, 2010.
[22] John, Maya Jacob and Rajesh D, “Recent developments in chemical
modification and characterization of natural fiber reinforced
composites”, Polymer Comp., pp.187-207, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:65442", author = "Srinivasa C. V. and Bharath K. N.", title = "Effect of Alkali Treatment on Impact Behavior of Areca Fibers Reinforced Polymer Composites", abstract = "Natural fibers are considered to have potential use as reinforcing agents in polymer composite materials because of their principal benefits: moderate strength and stiffness, low cost, and being an environmental friendly, degradable, and renewable material. A study has been carried out to evaluate impact properties of composites made by areca fibers reinforced urea formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde and epoxy resins. The extracted areca fibers from the areca husk were alkali treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain better interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Then composites were produced by means of compression molding technique with varying process parameters, such as fiber condition (untreated and alkali treated), and fiber loading percentages (50% and 60% by weight). The developed areca fiber reinforced composites were then characterized by impact test. The results show that, impact strength increase with increase in the loading percentage. It is observed that, treated areca fiber reinforcement increases impact strength when compared to untreated areca fiber reinforcement.
", keywords = "Lignocellulosic Fibers Composites, Areca Fibers, Alkali Treatment, Impact Strength.", volume = "7", number = "4", pages = "240-5", }
