Effect of a Probiotic Compound in Rumen Development, Diarrhea Incidence and Weight Gain in Young Holstein Calves
It has been proven that early establishment of
microbial flora in digestive tract of ruminants, has a beneficial effect
on their health condition and productivity. A probiotic compound,
made from five bacteria isolated from adult bovine cattle, was dosed
to 15 Holstein newborn calves in order to measure its capacity of
improving body weight gain and reduce diarrhea incidence. The test
was performed in the municipality of Cajicá (Colombia), at 2580
m.a.s.l., throughout rainy season, with environmental temperature
that oscillated between 4 to 25 °C. Five calves were allotted to
control (no addition of probiotic). Treatments 1, and 2 (5 calves per
group) received 10 ml Probiotic mix 1 and 2, respectively. Probiotic
mixes 1 and 2 where similar in microbial composition but different in
production process. Probiotics were added to the morning milk and
dosed on a daily basis by a month and then on a weekly basis for
three additional months. Diarrhea incidence was measured by
observance of number of animals affected in each group; each animal
was weighed up on a daily basis for obtaining weight gain and rumen
fluid samples were extracted with oro-esophageal catheter for
determining level of fiber and grain consumption.
[1] M. A. Khan, 1 H. J. Lee, 2 W. S. Lee, H. S. Kim, S. B. Kim, K. S. Ki, S.
J. Park, J. K. Ha, and Y. J. Choi. 2007. Starch Source Evaluation in Calf
Starter: I. Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain, Structural Growth,
and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Calves. J. Dairy Sci. 90:5259-5268.
[2] C. L. Davis and J. K. Drackley. 1998. The Development, Nutrition and
Management of the Young Calf. Iowa State University Press, Ames, I.A.
[3] W. Bloom. 2006. Nutritional physiology of neonatal calves. Review
Article. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 90, 1-2: 1-
11.
[4] S.I. Kehoe, C.D. Dechow, and A.J. Heinrichs. 2007. Effects of weaning
age and milk feeding frequency on dairy calf growth, health and rumen
parameter. Livestock Science 110 (2007) 267-272.
[5] G. Mejia, and O. Olimpo. 2004. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality
in calves during the first tours months of life in selected dairy herds in
the high altitude tropic in Colombia. Masters Tessi, Veterinary Medicine
Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
[6] V. Apgar. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn
infant. Curr. Res. Anesth. Analg. 1953 Jul-Aug;32(4):260-7.
[7] T. G. Knowles, J. E. Edwards, K. J. Bazeley, S. N. Brown, A.
Butterworth, and R. D. Warriss. 2000. Changes in the blood biochemical
and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age Veterinary
Record (2000) 147, 593-598.
[8] H. A. Seifi, M. Mohri, E. Shoorei, and N. Farzaneh. 2006. Using
haematological and serum biochemical findings as prognostic indicators
in calf diarrhea. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 15, 3: 143-147
[9] NRC. 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC.
[10] J. L. Morrill, A. D. Dayton, A. J. Zmoleck, and M. A. Vitcenda. 1984.
Early weaning program for dairy calves examined. Feedstuffs 56:30.
[11] T. V. Muscato, L. O. Tedeschi, and J. B. Russell. The Effect of Ruminal
Fluid Preparations on the Growth and Healthof Newborn Milk-Fed
Dairy Calves. Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research
Service, and Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NY 14853.
[12] L. Anderson, T. G. Nagaraja, and J. L. Morrill Ruminal Metabolic
Development in Calves Weaned Conventionally or Early. I K
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry. Kansas State University.
Manhattan 66506.
[1] M. A. Khan, 1 H. J. Lee, 2 W. S. Lee, H. S. Kim, S. B. Kim, K. S. Ki, S.
J. Park, J. K. Ha, and Y. J. Choi. 2007. Starch Source Evaluation in Calf
Starter: I. Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain, Structural Growth,
and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Calves. J. Dairy Sci. 90:5259-5268.
[2] C. L. Davis and J. K. Drackley. 1998. The Development, Nutrition and
Management of the Young Calf. Iowa State University Press, Ames, I.A.
[3] W. Bloom. 2006. Nutritional physiology of neonatal calves. Review
Article. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 90, 1-2: 1-
11.
[4] S.I. Kehoe, C.D. Dechow, and A.J. Heinrichs. 2007. Effects of weaning
age and milk feeding frequency on dairy calf growth, health and rumen
parameter. Livestock Science 110 (2007) 267-272.
[5] G. Mejia, and O. Olimpo. 2004. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality
in calves during the first tours months of life in selected dairy herds in
the high altitude tropic in Colombia. Masters Tessi, Veterinary Medicine
Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
[6] V. Apgar. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn
infant. Curr. Res. Anesth. Analg. 1953 Jul-Aug;32(4):260-7.
[7] T. G. Knowles, J. E. Edwards, K. J. Bazeley, S. N. Brown, A.
Butterworth, and R. D. Warriss. 2000. Changes in the blood biochemical
and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age Veterinary
Record (2000) 147, 593-598.
[8] H. A. Seifi, M. Mohri, E. Shoorei, and N. Farzaneh. 2006. Using
haematological and serum biochemical findings as prognostic indicators
in calf diarrhea. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 15, 3: 143-147
[9] NRC. 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC.
[10] J. L. Morrill, A. D. Dayton, A. J. Zmoleck, and M. A. Vitcenda. 1984.
Early weaning program for dairy calves examined. Feedstuffs 56:30.
[11] T. V. Muscato, L. O. Tedeschi, and J. B. Russell. The Effect of Ruminal
Fluid Preparations on the Growth and Healthof Newborn Milk-Fed
Dairy Calves. Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research
Service, and Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NY 14853.
[12] L. Anderson, T. G. Nagaraja, and J. L. Morrill Ruminal Metabolic
Development in Calves Weaned Conventionally or Early. I K
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry. Kansas State University.
Manhattan 66506.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:62162", author = "Camilo Aldana and Sara Cabra and Carlos A. Ospina and Fredy Carvajal and Fernando Rodríguez", title = "Effect of a Probiotic Compound in Rumen Development, Diarrhea Incidence and Weight Gain in Young Holstein Calves", abstract = "It has been proven that early establishment of
microbial flora in digestive tract of ruminants, has a beneficial effect
on their health condition and productivity. A probiotic compound,
made from five bacteria isolated from adult bovine cattle, was dosed
to 15 Holstein newborn calves in order to measure its capacity of
improving body weight gain and reduce diarrhea incidence. The test
was performed in the municipality of Cajicá (Colombia), at 2580
m.a.s.l., throughout rainy season, with environmental temperature
that oscillated between 4 to 25 °C. Five calves were allotted to
control (no addition of probiotic). Treatments 1, and 2 (5 calves per
group) received 10 ml Probiotic mix 1 and 2, respectively. Probiotic
mixes 1 and 2 where similar in microbial composition but different in
production process. Probiotics were added to the morning milk and
dosed on a daily basis by a month and then on a weekly basis for
three additional months. Diarrhea incidence was measured by
observance of number of animals affected in each group; each animal
was weighed up on a daily basis for obtaining weight gain and rumen
fluid samples were extracted with oro-esophageal catheter for
determining level of fiber and grain consumption.", keywords = "Calve, diarrhea, probiotic, rumen microorganisms.", volume = "3", number = "9", pages = "488-4", }