Drop Impact on a Vibrated, Heated Surface: Towards a Potential New Way of Elaborating Nuclear Fuel from Gel Microspheres
The gel-supported precipitation (GSP) process can be
used to make spherical particles (spherules) of nuclear fuel,
particularly for very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and even for
implementing the process called SPHEREPAC. In these different
cases, the main characteristics are the sphericity of the particles to be
manufactured and the control over their grain size. Nonetheless,
depending on the specifications defined for these spherical particles,
the GSP process has intrinsic limits, particularly when fabricating
very small particles. This paper describes the use of secondary
fragmentation (water, water/PVA and uranyl nitrate) on solid
surfaces under varying temperature and vibration conditions to assess
the relevance of using this new technique to manufacture very small
spherical particles by means of a modified GSP process. The
fragmentation mechanisms are monitored and analysed, before the
trends for its subsequent optimised application are described.
[1] S.M. Tiegs, P.A. Haas, and R.D. Spence, "The Sphere-Cal Process :
Fabrication of Fuel Pellets from Gel Microspheres", ORNL/TM-6906.
[2] R.L. Beatty, R.E. Norman, and K.J. Notz, "Gel-Sphere-Pac Fuel for
thermal Reactors - Assessment of fabrication Technology and
Irradiation Performance", ORNL-5469 (Nov. 1979).
[3] R. Spence, "Sol Gel Spherical Fuel, Conf on metallurgical techn. of
uranium and uranium alloys", American Society for metals (1981).
[4] P. Naefe, and E. Zimmer, "Preparation of UO2 kernels by an external
gelation process", Nuclear Technology, V. 42 (1979).
[5] Patent GB2094771.
[6] M.R. Simpson, C.Z Stockwell, "Improvements in or relating to
gelation", patent GB 1401962 (1 August 1975).
[7] C.H.R. Mundo, M. Sommerfeld, and C. Tropea, "Droplet-wall
collisions : experimental studies of the deformation and breakup
process", Int. J. Multiphase Flow Vol. 21 n┬░.2, 1995.
[8] N. Zainoun, J-M Chicheportiche, J-P. Renaudeaux, "le vibro-générateur
d'aérosols homogènes", Proceedings of the annual conference ASFERA,
dec 2004.
[9] A.L. Yarin, "Drop impact dynamics : splashing, spreading, receding,
bouncing", Annual Review of fluid mechanics, vol. 38, 2006.
[10] M. Bussmann, S. Chandra, and J. Mostaghimi, "Modeling the splash of
a droplet impacting a solid surface, Physics of fluids", Vol.12, n┬░12,
2000.
[11] M. Rein, "Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid
surfaces", Fluid Dynamics Research, 12 (1993) 61-93.
[12] J. Dewitte, "Modelisation de l-impact d-un brouillard de gouttes en
evaporation et sous pression sur une paroi chauffée", Thesis of PhD,
2006.
[13] K.J. Baumeister, F.F. Simon and R.E. Henry, "Role of the surface in the
measurement of the Leidenfrost temperature, Augmentation of
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer", ASME, pp. 91-101, 1970.
[14] L. Bolle and J.C. Moureau, "Spray cooling of hot surfaces, in
Multiphase Science and Technology" (ed. By G.F. Hewitt, J.M. Delhaye
and N. Zuber) pp. 1-92. Hemisphere, New York, 1976.
[15] H.Y. Kim, Z.C. Feng, and J.H. Chun, "Instabillity of a liquid jet
emerging from a droplet upon collision with a solid surface", Physics of
fluids, vol. 12, number 3, march 2000.
[16] M.H. and J.C. Chen-s., J.C. Chen, "Behavior of a liquid droplet
impinging on a solid surface". ASME. 83-WA/HT-104
[17] F. Akao, K. Araki, S. Lori and A. Moriyama, "Deformation behaviors of
a liquid droplet impinging onto hot metal surface", Trans. Int. Steel Inst.
Japan 20, 737-743 (1980)
[18] M. Kurokawa and S. Toda, "Heat Transfer of an impacted single droplet
on the wall", in Proceedings of the ASME/JSME, Thermal Engineering
Joint Conf, Vol. 2, pp 141-146, 1991
[19] A.L. Biance, F. Checy, C. Clanet, G. Lagubeau, D. Quere, "On the
elasticity of an inertial liquid shock", Journal of Fluid Mechanics 554
(2006) 47-66
[20] R. Bhola and S. Chandra, "Parameters controlling solidification of
molten wax droplets falling on a solid surface", J. Mater. Sci. 34, 4883
(1999)
[21] G.E. Cossali, A. Coghe, and M. Marengo, "The impact of a single drop
on a wetted solid surface", Exp. Fluids 22, 463
[1] S.M. Tiegs, P.A. Haas, and R.D. Spence, "The Sphere-Cal Process :
Fabrication of Fuel Pellets from Gel Microspheres", ORNL/TM-6906.
[2] R.L. Beatty, R.E. Norman, and K.J. Notz, "Gel-Sphere-Pac Fuel for
thermal Reactors - Assessment of fabrication Technology and
Irradiation Performance", ORNL-5469 (Nov. 1979).
[3] R. Spence, "Sol Gel Spherical Fuel, Conf on metallurgical techn. of
uranium and uranium alloys", American Society for metals (1981).
[4] P. Naefe, and E. Zimmer, "Preparation of UO2 kernels by an external
gelation process", Nuclear Technology, V. 42 (1979).
[5] Patent GB2094771.
[6] M.R. Simpson, C.Z Stockwell, "Improvements in or relating to
gelation", patent GB 1401962 (1 August 1975).
[7] C.H.R. Mundo, M. Sommerfeld, and C. Tropea, "Droplet-wall
collisions : experimental studies of the deformation and breakup
process", Int. J. Multiphase Flow Vol. 21 n┬░.2, 1995.
[8] N. Zainoun, J-M Chicheportiche, J-P. Renaudeaux, "le vibro-générateur
d'aérosols homogènes", Proceedings of the annual conference ASFERA,
dec 2004.
[9] A.L. Yarin, "Drop impact dynamics : splashing, spreading, receding,
bouncing", Annual Review of fluid mechanics, vol. 38, 2006.
[10] M. Bussmann, S. Chandra, and J. Mostaghimi, "Modeling the splash of
a droplet impacting a solid surface, Physics of fluids", Vol.12, n┬░12,
2000.
[11] M. Rein, "Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid
surfaces", Fluid Dynamics Research, 12 (1993) 61-93.
[12] J. Dewitte, "Modelisation de l-impact d-un brouillard de gouttes en
evaporation et sous pression sur une paroi chauffée", Thesis of PhD,
2006.
[13] K.J. Baumeister, F.F. Simon and R.E. Henry, "Role of the surface in the
measurement of the Leidenfrost temperature, Augmentation of
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer", ASME, pp. 91-101, 1970.
[14] L. Bolle and J.C. Moureau, "Spray cooling of hot surfaces, in
Multiphase Science and Technology" (ed. By G.F. Hewitt, J.M. Delhaye
and N. Zuber) pp. 1-92. Hemisphere, New York, 1976.
[15] H.Y. Kim, Z.C. Feng, and J.H. Chun, "Instabillity of a liquid jet
emerging from a droplet upon collision with a solid surface", Physics of
fluids, vol. 12, number 3, march 2000.
[16] M.H. and J.C. Chen-s., J.C. Chen, "Behavior of a liquid droplet
impinging on a solid surface". ASME. 83-WA/HT-104
[17] F. Akao, K. Araki, S. Lori and A. Moriyama, "Deformation behaviors of
a liquid droplet impinging onto hot metal surface", Trans. Int. Steel Inst.
Japan 20, 737-743 (1980)
[18] M. Kurokawa and S. Toda, "Heat Transfer of an impacted single droplet
on the wall", in Proceedings of the ASME/JSME, Thermal Engineering
Joint Conf, Vol. 2, pp 141-146, 1991
[19] A.L. Biance, F. Checy, C. Clanet, G. Lagubeau, D. Quere, "On the
elasticity of an inertial liquid shock", Journal of Fluid Mechanics 554
(2006) 47-66
[20] R. Bhola and S. Chandra, "Parameters controlling solidification of
molten wax droplets falling on a solid surface", J. Mater. Sci. 34, 4883
(1999)
[21] G.E. Cossali, A. Coghe, and M. Marengo, "The impact of a single drop
on a wetted solid surface", Exp. Fluids 22, 463
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61287", author = "Méryl Brothier and Dominique Moulinier and Christophe Bertaux", title = "Drop Impact on a Vibrated, Heated Surface: Towards a Potential New Way of Elaborating Nuclear Fuel from Gel Microspheres", abstract = "The gel-supported precipitation (GSP) process can be
used to make spherical particles (spherules) of nuclear fuel,
particularly for very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and even for
implementing the process called SPHEREPAC. In these different
cases, the main characteristics are the sphericity of the particles to be
manufactured and the control over their grain size. Nonetheless,
depending on the specifications defined for these spherical particles,
the GSP process has intrinsic limits, particularly when fabricating
very small particles. This paper describes the use of secondary
fragmentation (water, water/PVA and uranyl nitrate) on solid
surfaces under varying temperature and vibration conditions to assess
the relevance of using this new technique to manufacture very small
spherical particles by means of a modified GSP process. The
fragmentation mechanisms are monitored and analysed, before the
trends for its subsequent optimised application are described.", keywords = "Microsphere elaboration, nuclear fuel, droplet
impact , gel-supported precipitation process.", volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "217-9", }
