Differentiation between Common Tick Species Using Molecular Biology Techniques in Saudi Arabia
Protein and Esterase electrophoresis were used to
genetically identify two Saudi tick species. Engorged females of the
camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Koch) (Acari: Ixodidae) and the
cattle tick Boophilus annulatus (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks
collected from infested camels and cattle in the animals resting
house at Hail region in KSA were used. The results showed that
there are a variation in both of protein and esterase activity levels and
a high polymorphism within and between the genera and species of
Hyalomma and Boophilus . In conclusion, the protein and esterase
electrophoretic analysis used in the present study could successfully
distinguish among tick species, commonly found in Saudi Arabia.
[1] J. R. Mohler, "Tick Fever," Agri. Farmer-s Bull., 1990, vol. 1625, pp
1- 30
[2] K. L. Poucher, H. J. Hutcheson, J. E. Keirans, L. A. Durden, and W. C.
Black, "IV. Molecular genetic key for the identification of 17 Ixodes
species of the United States (Acari: Ixodidae): A methods model", J.
Parasito., 1999, vol. 85(4), pp. 623-629.
[3] K. M. El Kammah, and M. A. Sayed, "Biochemical fingerprints of egg
and salivary gland proteins characterising four common tick genera in
Egypt", 1999.
[4] K. L. Poucher, H. J. Hutcheson, J. E. Keirans, L. A. Durden, and W. C.
Black, "Molecular genetic key for the identification of 17 Ixodes species
of the United States (Acari: Ixodidae): a methods model". J. Parasitol.,
vol. 85, 1999, pp. 623-629.
[5] B. E. A. Fetoh, "Molecular and modern taxonomy of Dacus spp.
(Diptera: Tephritidae) attacking vegetables in Egypt", J. Egypt. Ger.
Soc. Zool., 2006, vol. 48E, pp. 1-21.
[6] O. H. Lowry, C. S. Rosebrough, and R. J. Randall, " Protein
measurement with the folin phenol reagent-, J. Biolo. Chem., 1951, vol.
193, pp. 265-275.
[7] U. K. Laemmli, "Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of
head bacteriophage T4
" ", Nature, 1970, vol. 227, pp. 680- 685.
[8] P. J. Hitchcock, and T. M. Brown, "Morphological heterogeneity among
Salmomella lipopolysaccaride types in Silver - stained poly acrylamide
gel", J. Bact., 1983, vol. 154, pp. 269-277.
[9] Sims, M. "Methods for detection of enzymatic activity after
electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in Drosophila species" Nature,
1965, vol. 207(14), pp. 757-758.
[10] M. Nei, and W.H. Li, "Mathematical model for studying genetic
variation in terms of restriction endonucleases", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
(USA), 1979, vol. 76, pp. 5269-5273.
[11] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, "Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate
interfaces(Translation Journals style)," IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn., vol.
2, Aug. 1987, pp. 740-741 (Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan, 1982,
p. 301).
[12] D.S. Hayer, and D. McInnis, "Resolution of populations of the
Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata at DNA level using random
primers)," Genome, 1994, vol. 37, pp. 244-248.
[13] Tatchell, R.J. Electrophoretic studies on the proteins of the
haemolymph, saliva, and eggs of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus .
Insect Biochem., 1971, vol.1,no. 1, pp. 45-55.
[14] C. Delaye, L. Beati, A. Aeschimann, F. Renaud, and T. de
Meeus, "Population genetic structure of Ixodes ricinus in
Switzerland from allozymic data: no evidence of divergence
between nearby sites", Int. J. Parasitol., 1997, vol. 27, pp. 769-773.
[15] Gh. Norouzi, R. Hashemitabar, and G. R. Razmi, "Detection of midgut
antigens of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick using SDS-PAGE
and Western Blot", Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz
University, 2007, vol. 8 (2), pp. 166-169.
[16] A. M. Avanzati, M. Baratti, and F. Bernini," Molecular and
morphological differentiation between steganacarid mites
(Acari:Oribatida)", Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 1994, vol. 52, pp. 25-340.
[17] D. E. Kain, F. A. Sperling, and R.S. Lane, " Population genetic
structure of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) using allozymes", J.
Med. Entomol., 1997, vol. 34, pp. 441-450.
[18] Z.A .El-Fiky, M.A. Sayed and K.M. El Kammah , "Esterase and
RAPD-PCR analysis of common tick species in Egypt", Arab J.
Biotech. 2003,,vol. 6, no.1, pp. 39-48.
[1] J. R. Mohler, "Tick Fever," Agri. Farmer-s Bull., 1990, vol. 1625, pp
1- 30
[2] K. L. Poucher, H. J. Hutcheson, J. E. Keirans, L. A. Durden, and W. C.
Black, "IV. Molecular genetic key for the identification of 17 Ixodes
species of the United States (Acari: Ixodidae): A methods model", J.
Parasito., 1999, vol. 85(4), pp. 623-629.
[3] K. M. El Kammah, and M. A. Sayed, "Biochemical fingerprints of egg
and salivary gland proteins characterising four common tick genera in
Egypt", 1999.
[4] K. L. Poucher, H. J. Hutcheson, J. E. Keirans, L. A. Durden, and W. C.
Black, "Molecular genetic key for the identification of 17 Ixodes species
of the United States (Acari: Ixodidae): a methods model". J. Parasitol.,
vol. 85, 1999, pp. 623-629.
[5] B. E. A. Fetoh, "Molecular and modern taxonomy of Dacus spp.
(Diptera: Tephritidae) attacking vegetables in Egypt", J. Egypt. Ger.
Soc. Zool., 2006, vol. 48E, pp. 1-21.
[6] O. H. Lowry, C. S. Rosebrough, and R. J. Randall, " Protein
measurement with the folin phenol reagent-, J. Biolo. Chem., 1951, vol.
193, pp. 265-275.
[7] U. K. Laemmli, "Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of
head bacteriophage T4
" ", Nature, 1970, vol. 227, pp. 680- 685.
[8] P. J. Hitchcock, and T. M. Brown, "Morphological heterogeneity among
Salmomella lipopolysaccaride types in Silver - stained poly acrylamide
gel", J. Bact., 1983, vol. 154, pp. 269-277.
[9] Sims, M. "Methods for detection of enzymatic activity after
electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in Drosophila species" Nature,
1965, vol. 207(14), pp. 757-758.
[10] M. Nei, and W.H. Li, "Mathematical model for studying genetic
variation in terms of restriction endonucleases", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
(USA), 1979, vol. 76, pp. 5269-5273.
[11] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, "Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate
interfaces(Translation Journals style)," IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn., vol.
2, Aug. 1987, pp. 740-741 (Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan, 1982,
p. 301).
[12] D.S. Hayer, and D. McInnis, "Resolution of populations of the
Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata at DNA level using random
primers)," Genome, 1994, vol. 37, pp. 244-248.
[13] Tatchell, R.J. Electrophoretic studies on the proteins of the
haemolymph, saliva, and eggs of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus .
Insect Biochem., 1971, vol.1,no. 1, pp. 45-55.
[14] C. Delaye, L. Beati, A. Aeschimann, F. Renaud, and T. de
Meeus, "Population genetic structure of Ixodes ricinus in
Switzerland from allozymic data: no evidence of divergence
between nearby sites", Int. J. Parasitol., 1997, vol. 27, pp. 769-773.
[15] Gh. Norouzi, R. Hashemitabar, and G. R. Razmi, "Detection of midgut
antigens of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick using SDS-PAGE
and Western Blot", Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz
University, 2007, vol. 8 (2), pp. 166-169.
[16] A. M. Avanzati, M. Baratti, and F. Bernini," Molecular and
morphological differentiation between steganacarid mites
(Acari:Oribatida)", Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 1994, vol. 52, pp. 25-340.
[17] D. E. Kain, F. A. Sperling, and R.S. Lane, " Population genetic
structure of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) using allozymes", J.
Med. Entomol., 1997, vol. 34, pp. 441-450.
[18] Z.A .El-Fiky, M.A. Sayed and K.M. El Kammah , "Esterase and
RAPD-PCR analysis of common tick species in Egypt", Arab J.
Biotech. 2003,,vol. 6, no.1, pp. 39-48.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:54864", author = "Kholoud A. Al-Shammery and Badr El-Sabah A. Fetoh and Ahmed M. Alshammari", title = "Differentiation between Common Tick Species Using Molecular Biology Techniques in Saudi Arabia", abstract = "Protein and Esterase electrophoresis were used to
genetically identify two Saudi tick species. Engorged females of the
camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Koch) (Acari: Ixodidae) and the
cattle tick Boophilus annulatus (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks
collected from infested camels and cattle in the animals resting
house at Hail region in KSA were used. The results showed that
there are a variation in both of protein and esterase activity levels and
a high polymorphism within and between the genera and species of
Hyalomma and Boophilus . In conclusion, the protein and esterase
electrophoretic analysis used in the present study could successfully
distinguish among tick species, commonly found in Saudi Arabia.", keywords = "Molecular biology, The camel tick Hyalomma
dromedarii, The cattle tick Boophilus annulatus , Ticks.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "18-3", }
