Design and Implementation of an Intelligent System for Detection of Hazardous Gases using PbPc Sensor Array
The voltage/current characteristics and the effect of
NO2 gas on the electrical conductivity of a PbPc gas sensor array is
investigated. The gas sensor is manufactured using vacuum
deposition of gold electrodes on sapphire substrate with the leadphathalocyanine
vacuum sublimed on the top of the gold electrodes.
Two versions of the PbPc gas sensor array are investigated. The
tested types differ in the gap sizes between the deposited gold
electrodes. The sensors are tested at different temperatures to account
for conductivity changes as the molecular adsorption/desorption rate
is affected by heat. The obtained results found to be encouraging as
the sensors shoed stability and sensitivity towards low concentration
of applied NO2 gas.
[1] P. Pasini, N. Powar, R. Gutierrez-Osuna, S. Daunert and A. Roda, "Use
of a gas-sensor array for detecting volatile organic compounds in
chemically induced cells", Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical
Chemistry, vol 378, pp. 76-83, 2004.
[2] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and N. U. Powar, "Odor Mixtures and
Chemosensory Adaptation in Gas Sensor Arrays", International Journal
on Artificial Intelligence Tools, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2003.
[3] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and A. Gutierrez-Galvez, "Habituation in the KIII
Olfactory Model with Chemical Sensor Arrays", IEEE Transactions on
Neural Networks vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1565-1568, 2003.
[4] R. Gutierrez-Osuna, A. Gutierrez-Galvez and N. U. Powar, "Transient
Response Analysis for Temperature Modulated Chemoresistors",
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical B vol. 93, no. 1-3, pp. 57-66, 2003.
[5] A. Perera, T. Sundic, A. Pardo, R. Gutierrez-Osuna and S. Marco, "a
Portable Electronic Nose Based on Embedded PC Technology and
GNU/Linux: Hardware, Software and Applications", IEEE Sensors
Journal, vol. 2, no. 1-3, pp. 235-246, 2002.
[6] Boilot, E.L. Hines and J.W. Gardner, "Knowledge extraction from
electronic nose data sets using hybrid neuro-fuzzy systems", in Sensors
Update, 8, (H. Baltes, s, W. Gpِel, J. Hesse, Series Eds.), Wiley-VCH
Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp.73-94, ISBN 3-527-30258-1. (2001). (C)
[7] M. Cole, J.W. Gardner, D.C. Dyer and P.N. Bartlett, "Low-drift Odour
and Vapour Ratiometric Resistive Elements for Analogue CMOS Smart
Sensors", 8th International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic
Nose, pp. 25-30 March, Washington DC, USA, (2001).
[8] Carotta M.C., Martinelli G., Crema L., Malag├╣ C., Merli M., Ghiotti G.,
Traversa E., "Nanostructured thick film gas sensors for atmospheric
pollutant monitoring: quantitative analysis on field tests", Sensors and
Actuators B, vol. 76, pp. 336-342, 2001.
[9] J.W. Gardner, H.W. Shin, E.L. Hines and C.S. Dow, "An Electronic
Nose System for Monitoring the Quality of Potable Water", Sensors &
Actuators B, vol. 69, pp.336-341, 2000.
[10] H.W. Shin, J.W. Gardner and E.L. Hines, "An Electronic Nose System
to Diagnose Illness", Sensors & Actuators B, vol. 70, pp. 19-24, 2000.
[11] J.V. Hatfield, J.A. Covington and J.W. Gardner, "GasFETs
incorporating conducting polymers as gate materials", Sensors &
Actuators B, vol 65, pp. 253-256, 2000.
[12] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and H. T. Nagle, "A Method for Evaluating Data-
Preprocessing Techniques for Odor Classification with an Array of Gas
Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics B, vol..
29, no. 5, pp. 626-632, 1999.
[13] M. Cole, J.W. Gardner, A.W.Y. Lim, P.K. Scivier and J.E. Brignell,
"Polymeric resistive bridge gas sensor array driven by a standard cell
CMOS current drive chip", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 58, pp. 518-
525, 1999.
[14] J. W. Gardner, E.L. Hines, F. Molinier, P.N. Bartlett, T.T. Mottram,
"Prediction of the health of dairy cattle from breath samples using a
neural network with parametric model of the dynamic response of an
array of semiconducting gas sensors", Proc. of IEE: Science,
Measurement & Technology, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 102-106, 1999.
[15] E. Llobet, E.L. Hines, J.W. Gardner and S. Franco, "Non-destructive
banana ripeness determination using a neural network based electronic
nose", Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. .6, pp. 538-
548, 1999.
[16] E.L. Hines, E. Llobet and J.W. Gardner, "Neural network based
electronic nose for apple ripeness determination", Electronic Letters,
vol. 35, no.10, pp.821-823, May, 1999.
[17] J. W. Gardner, E. Llobet and E.L. Hines, "PSPICE model for resistive
gas and odour sensors", Proc. IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.
146, no. 3, pp.101-104, June, 1999.
[18] E.L. Hines, E. Llobet and J.W. Gardner, "Electronic noses: a review of
signal processing techniques", Proc. IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems,
vol. 146, no. 6, pp. 297-310, December, 1999.
[19] E. Llobet, E.L. Hines, J.W. Gardner, P.N. Bartlett and T.T. Mottram,
"Fuzzy ARTMAP based electronic nose data analysis", Sensors and
Actuators B, vol. 61, pp. 183-190, 1999.
[20] J.W. Gardner, M. Craven, C. Dow and E.L. Hines, "The prediction of
bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a
multi-layer perceptron network", Measurement Science and Technology,
vol. 9, pp. 120-127, 1998.
[21] D.C. Dyer and J.W. Gardner, High precision intelligent interface for a
hybrid electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 62, pp. 724-728,
1997.
[22] D. S. Vlachos, D. K. Fragoulis and J. N. Avaritsiotis, "An adaptive
neural network topology for degradation compensation of thin film tin
oxide gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 45, no. 3,
pp. 223-228 December 1997.
[23] D. Vlachos and J. "Avaritsiotis Fuzzy neural networks for gas sensing",
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 33, no. 1-3, pp. 77-82, July
1996.
[24] J.W. Gardner, E.L. Hines and C. Pang, "Detection of vapours and
odours from a multisensor array using pattern recognition: selforganising
adaptive resonance techniques", Measurement & Control, 29,
pp.172-178, 1996.
[25] J.W. Gardner, M. Z. Iskandarani, "Effect of Electrode Geometry on Gas
Sensitivity of Lead Phthalocynine Thin Film", Sensors and Actuators B,
pp. 133-142, 1992.
[1] P. Pasini, N. Powar, R. Gutierrez-Osuna, S. Daunert and A. Roda, "Use
of a gas-sensor array for detecting volatile organic compounds in
chemically induced cells", Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical
Chemistry, vol 378, pp. 76-83, 2004.
[2] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and N. U. Powar, "Odor Mixtures and
Chemosensory Adaptation in Gas Sensor Arrays", International Journal
on Artificial Intelligence Tools, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2003.
[3] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and A. Gutierrez-Galvez, "Habituation in the KIII
Olfactory Model with Chemical Sensor Arrays", IEEE Transactions on
Neural Networks vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1565-1568, 2003.
[4] R. Gutierrez-Osuna, A. Gutierrez-Galvez and N. U. Powar, "Transient
Response Analysis for Temperature Modulated Chemoresistors",
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical B vol. 93, no. 1-3, pp. 57-66, 2003.
[5] A. Perera, T. Sundic, A. Pardo, R. Gutierrez-Osuna and S. Marco, "a
Portable Electronic Nose Based on Embedded PC Technology and
GNU/Linux: Hardware, Software and Applications", IEEE Sensors
Journal, vol. 2, no. 1-3, pp. 235-246, 2002.
[6] Boilot, E.L. Hines and J.W. Gardner, "Knowledge extraction from
electronic nose data sets using hybrid neuro-fuzzy systems", in Sensors
Update, 8, (H. Baltes, s, W. Gpِel, J. Hesse, Series Eds.), Wiley-VCH
Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp.73-94, ISBN 3-527-30258-1. (2001). (C)
[7] M. Cole, J.W. Gardner, D.C. Dyer and P.N. Bartlett, "Low-drift Odour
and Vapour Ratiometric Resistive Elements for Analogue CMOS Smart
Sensors", 8th International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic
Nose, pp. 25-30 March, Washington DC, USA, (2001).
[8] Carotta M.C., Martinelli G., Crema L., Malag├╣ C., Merli M., Ghiotti G.,
Traversa E., "Nanostructured thick film gas sensors for atmospheric
pollutant monitoring: quantitative analysis on field tests", Sensors and
Actuators B, vol. 76, pp. 336-342, 2001.
[9] J.W. Gardner, H.W. Shin, E.L. Hines and C.S. Dow, "An Electronic
Nose System for Monitoring the Quality of Potable Water", Sensors &
Actuators B, vol. 69, pp.336-341, 2000.
[10] H.W. Shin, J.W. Gardner and E.L. Hines, "An Electronic Nose System
to Diagnose Illness", Sensors & Actuators B, vol. 70, pp. 19-24, 2000.
[11] J.V. Hatfield, J.A. Covington and J.W. Gardner, "GasFETs
incorporating conducting polymers as gate materials", Sensors &
Actuators B, vol 65, pp. 253-256, 2000.
[12] R. Gutierrez-Osuna and H. T. Nagle, "A Method for Evaluating Data-
Preprocessing Techniques for Odor Classification with an Array of Gas
Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics B, vol..
29, no. 5, pp. 626-632, 1999.
[13] M. Cole, J.W. Gardner, A.W.Y. Lim, P.K. Scivier and J.E. Brignell,
"Polymeric resistive bridge gas sensor array driven by a standard cell
CMOS current drive chip", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 58, pp. 518-
525, 1999.
[14] J. W. Gardner, E.L. Hines, F. Molinier, P.N. Bartlett, T.T. Mottram,
"Prediction of the health of dairy cattle from breath samples using a
neural network with parametric model of the dynamic response of an
array of semiconducting gas sensors", Proc. of IEE: Science,
Measurement & Technology, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 102-106, 1999.
[15] E. Llobet, E.L. Hines, J.W. Gardner and S. Franco, "Non-destructive
banana ripeness determination using a neural network based electronic
nose", Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. .6, pp. 538-
548, 1999.
[16] E.L. Hines, E. Llobet and J.W. Gardner, "Neural network based
electronic nose for apple ripeness determination", Electronic Letters,
vol. 35, no.10, pp.821-823, May, 1999.
[17] J. W. Gardner, E. Llobet and E.L. Hines, "PSPICE model for resistive
gas and odour sensors", Proc. IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol.
146, no. 3, pp.101-104, June, 1999.
[18] E.L. Hines, E. Llobet and J.W. Gardner, "Electronic noses: a review of
signal processing techniques", Proc. IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems,
vol. 146, no. 6, pp. 297-310, December, 1999.
[19] E. Llobet, E.L. Hines, J.W. Gardner, P.N. Bartlett and T.T. Mottram,
"Fuzzy ARTMAP based electronic nose data analysis", Sensors and
Actuators B, vol. 61, pp. 183-190, 1999.
[20] J.W. Gardner, M. Craven, C. Dow and E.L. Hines, "The prediction of
bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a
multi-layer perceptron network", Measurement Science and Technology,
vol. 9, pp. 120-127, 1998.
[21] D.C. Dyer and J.W. Gardner, High precision intelligent interface for a
hybrid electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 62, pp. 724-728,
1997.
[22] D. S. Vlachos, D. K. Fragoulis and J. N. Avaritsiotis, "An adaptive
neural network topology for degradation compensation of thin film tin
oxide gas sensors", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 45, no. 3,
pp. 223-228 December 1997.
[23] D. Vlachos and J. "Avaritsiotis Fuzzy neural networks for gas sensing",
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 33, no. 1-3, pp. 77-82, July
1996.
[24] J.W. Gardner, E.L. Hines and C. Pang, "Detection of vapours and
odours from a multisensor array using pattern recognition: selforganising
adaptive resonance techniques", Measurement & Control, 29,
pp.172-178, 1996.
[25] J.W. Gardner, M. Z. Iskandarani, "Effect of Electrode Geometry on Gas
Sensitivity of Lead Phthalocynine Thin Film", Sensors and Actuators B,
pp. 133-142, 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:53550", author = "Mahmoud Z. Iskandarani and Nidal F. Shilbayeh", title = "Design and Implementation of an Intelligent System for Detection of Hazardous Gases using PbPc Sensor Array", abstract = "The voltage/current characteristics and the effect of
NO2 gas on the electrical conductivity of a PbPc gas sensor array is
investigated. The gas sensor is manufactured using vacuum
deposition of gold electrodes on sapphire substrate with the leadphathalocyanine
vacuum sublimed on the top of the gold electrodes.
Two versions of the PbPc gas sensor array are investigated. The
tested types differ in the gap sizes between the deposited gold
electrodes. The sensors are tested at different temperatures to account
for conductivity changes as the molecular adsorption/desorption rate
is affected by heat. The obtained results found to be encouraging as
the sensors shoed stability and sensitivity towards low concentration
of applied NO2 gas.", keywords = "Intelligent System, PbPc, Gas Sensor, Hardware,Software, Neural.", volume = "2", number = "10", pages = "1109-6", }
