Deicing and Corrosive Performances of Calcium Acetate Deicer Made from Bamboo-Vinegar
Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is environmentally
benign deicing chemicals that can replace sodium chloride that is
widely used on roads and highways at present for snow and ice control
to provide safe driving conditions during winter. The price of CMA
from petroleum-derived acetic acid is quite expensive. The bamboo
vinegar is the by-product from bamboo charcoal production. The
bamboo vinegar was used to prepare calcium acetate as raw materials,
and its deicing and corrosive performances were studied in this paper.
The results show that the freezing temperature of calcium acetate is
lower than that of sodium chloride when they have same molar
concentration, the deicing performance of calcium acetate is better
than that of sodium chloride when they have same moles, while the
deicing performance of sodium chloride is better than that of calcium
acetate. The corrosion of sodium chloride on iron-nail and steel-nail is
larger than that of calcium acetate whether they have same mass
concentration or same molar concentration, and the corrosion of
sodium chloride and calcium acetate on iron-nail is larger than that on
steel-nail, and calcium acetate almost hasn't corrosion on steel-nail.
[1] J. M. O. Scurlock, D. C. Dayton, and B. Hames, "Bamboo: an overlooked
biomass resource?", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 19, pp: 229-244, Oct,
2000.
[2] B. Huang and Sh. Y. Gao, "A brief review on development of production
and application of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar (in Chinese)",
Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp: 93-96, Jan.
2003.
[3] W. B. Zhang, L. M. Ye, L. Liu, J. Qian, W. Zh. Chen, and et al, "Analysis
on bamboo vinegar (in Chinese)", Journal of Bamboo Research, vol. 20,
no. 4, pp: 72~77, Oct. 2001
[4] Y. H. Hu, "Progress on production technology and applications of
bamboo carbon and bamboo distillate (in Chinese)", Chemistry and
Industry of Forest Products, Vol. 22, no. 3, pp: 79-83, Sep. 2002.
[5] K. J. Wang, D. E. Nelsen, and W. A. Nixon, "Damaging effects of deicing
chemicals on concrete materials", Cement and Concrete Composites, vol.
28, no. 2, pp: 173-188, Feb. 2006.
[6] I. Czerniawska-Kusza, G. Kusza, M. Duzynski, "Effect of deicing salts on
urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region",
Environ. Toxicol, vol. 19, no. 4, pp: 96-301, Apr. 2004.
[7] P. Y. Robidoux and C. E. Delisle, "Ecotoxicological evaluation of three
deicers (NaCl, NaFo, CMA)-effect on terrestrial organisms",
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Environmental Research,
Section B, vol. 48, pp: 128-139, Jan. 2001.
[8] T. J. Kirkpatrick, R. E. Weyers, M. M. Sprinkel, and Ch. M.
Anderson-Cook, "Impact of specification changes on chloride-induced
corrosion service life of bridge decks", Cement and Concrete Research,
vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1189-1197, July 2002.
[9] K. A. T. Vu and M. G. Stewart´╝î"Structural reliability of concrete bridges
including improved chloride-induced corrosion models", Structural
Safety, vol. 22, no. 4, pp: 313-321, Apr. 2000.
[10] M. H. Zhu, "Study on environmental influence and strategies of chloric
snow thaw agents (in Chinese)", Resourse Development and Market, vol.
24, no. 11, pp. 60-63, Nov. 2008.
[11] M. C. Santagata and M. Collepardi, "The effect of CMA deicers on
concrete properties", Cement and Concr Res, vol. 30, no. 9, pp.
1389-1394, Sep. 2000.
[12] W. G. Fu, P. A. Mathews, "Two-stage fermentation process for the
production of calcium magnesium acetate and propionate road deicers",
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol. 36, pp. 953-959, Apr. 2005.
[13] B. Y. Yang and R. Montgomery, "De-icers derived from corn steep
water", Bioresource Technology, vol. 90, pp. 265-273, Oct. 2003.
[14] G. Ganjyal, Q. Fang, and M. A. Hanna, "Freezing points and small-scale
deicing tests for salts of levulinic acid made from grain sorghum",
Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 2814-2818, Apr. 2007.
[1] J. M. O. Scurlock, D. C. Dayton, and B. Hames, "Bamboo: an overlooked
biomass resource?", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 19, pp: 229-244, Oct,
2000.
[2] B. Huang and Sh. Y. Gao, "A brief review on development of production
and application of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar (in Chinese)",
Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp: 93-96, Jan.
2003.
[3] W. B. Zhang, L. M. Ye, L. Liu, J. Qian, W. Zh. Chen, and et al, "Analysis
on bamboo vinegar (in Chinese)", Journal of Bamboo Research, vol. 20,
no. 4, pp: 72~77, Oct. 2001
[4] Y. H. Hu, "Progress on production technology and applications of
bamboo carbon and bamboo distillate (in Chinese)", Chemistry and
Industry of Forest Products, Vol. 22, no. 3, pp: 79-83, Sep. 2002.
[5] K. J. Wang, D. E. Nelsen, and W. A. Nixon, "Damaging effects of deicing
chemicals on concrete materials", Cement and Concrete Composites, vol.
28, no. 2, pp: 173-188, Feb. 2006.
[6] I. Czerniawska-Kusza, G. Kusza, M. Duzynski, "Effect of deicing salts on
urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region",
Environ. Toxicol, vol. 19, no. 4, pp: 96-301, Apr. 2004.
[7] P. Y. Robidoux and C. E. Delisle, "Ecotoxicological evaluation of three
deicers (NaCl, NaFo, CMA)-effect on terrestrial organisms",
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Environmental Research,
Section B, vol. 48, pp: 128-139, Jan. 2001.
[8] T. J. Kirkpatrick, R. E. Weyers, M. M. Sprinkel, and Ch. M.
Anderson-Cook, "Impact of specification changes on chloride-induced
corrosion service life of bridge decks", Cement and Concrete Research,
vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1189-1197, July 2002.
[9] K. A. T. Vu and M. G. Stewart´╝î"Structural reliability of concrete bridges
including improved chloride-induced corrosion models", Structural
Safety, vol. 22, no. 4, pp: 313-321, Apr. 2000.
[10] M. H. Zhu, "Study on environmental influence and strategies of chloric
snow thaw agents (in Chinese)", Resourse Development and Market, vol.
24, no. 11, pp. 60-63, Nov. 2008.
[11] M. C. Santagata and M. Collepardi, "The effect of CMA deicers on
concrete properties", Cement and Concr Res, vol. 30, no. 9, pp.
1389-1394, Sep. 2000.
[12] W. G. Fu, P. A. Mathews, "Two-stage fermentation process for the
production of calcium magnesium acetate and propionate road deicers",
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol. 36, pp. 953-959, Apr. 2005.
[13] B. Y. Yang and R. Montgomery, "De-icers derived from corn steep
water", Bioresource Technology, vol. 90, pp. 265-273, Oct. 2003.
[14] G. Ganjyal, Q. Fang, and M. A. Hanna, "Freezing points and small-scale
deicing tests for salts of levulinic acid made from grain sorghum",
Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 2814-2818, Apr. 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:63617", author = "Xinyuan Jiang and Genan Li and Zhiping Wu", title = "Deicing and Corrosive Performances of Calcium Acetate Deicer Made from Bamboo-Vinegar", abstract = "Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) is environmentally
benign deicing chemicals that can replace sodium chloride that is
widely used on roads and highways at present for snow and ice control
to provide safe driving conditions during winter. The price of CMA
from petroleum-derived acetic acid is quite expensive. The bamboo
vinegar is the by-product from bamboo charcoal production. The
bamboo vinegar was used to prepare calcium acetate as raw materials,
and its deicing and corrosive performances were studied in this paper.
The results show that the freezing temperature of calcium acetate is
lower than that of sodium chloride when they have same molar
concentration, the deicing performance of calcium acetate is better
than that of sodium chloride when they have same moles, while the
deicing performance of sodium chloride is better than that of calcium
acetate. The corrosion of sodium chloride on iron-nail and steel-nail is
larger than that of calcium acetate whether they have same mass
concentration or same molar concentration, and the corrosion of
sodium chloride and calcium acetate on iron-nail is larger than that on
steel-nail, and calcium acetate almost hasn't corrosion on steel-nail.", keywords = "bamboo vinegar, calcium acetate, corrosion, deicer,deicing performance", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "368-6", }