While computers are known to facilitate lower levels of learning, such as rote memorization of facts, measurable through electronically administered and graded multiple-choice questions, yes/no, and true/false answers, the imparting and measurement of higher-level cognitive skills is more vexing. These require more open-ended delivery and answers, and may be more problematic in an entirely virtual environment, notwithstanding the advances in technologies such as wikis, blogs, discussion boards, etc. As with the integration of all technology, merit is based more on the instructional design of the course than on the technology employed in, and of, itself. With this in mind, this study examined the perceptions of online students in an introductory Computer Information Systems course regarding the fostering of various higher-order thinking and team-building skills as a result of the activities, resources and technologies (ART) used in the course.
[1] Novit, R. (April 29, 2010). ATC (Aiken Technical College) to Teach
Critical Thinking Skills in Classroom. Aiken Standard, Retrieved August 7, 2012, from: http:// www.atc.edu/ p372.aspx
[2] Campbell, J. (2010, November 8). Are youths prepared to work?
McClatchy - Tribune Information Services, 3.
[3] Booi, L. (2011). Critical Thinking: Barriers and Opportunities.
http://www.teachers.ab.ca/Publications/ATA%20Magazine/Volume-91/ Number3/ Pages/ Criticalthinking.aspx
[4] Florian, T.P. (2010). Confidence-Based Assessment in Moodle: Insights
from Teachers, Administrators and Programmers. (Doctoral
dissertation). Walden University, Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations
and Theses. (Accession Order No. AAT 3423706)
[5] Pask, G. (1976). Styles and strategies of learning. British Journal of
Educational Psychology, 46, 128-148.
[6] Pask, G. (1988). Learning strategies, teaching strategies and conceptual
or learning style. In R.R. R.R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and
learning styles. New York: Plenum Press.
[7] Entwistle, N.J., McCune, V.& Walker, P. (2000). Conceptions, styles
and approaches within higher education: analytic abstractions and
everyday experience. In R. J. Sternberg & L-F. Zhang (Eds.),
Perspectives on Cognitive, Learning, and Thinking Styles. Mahwah, N.
J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[8] Entwistle, N. J. (2000). Promoting deep learning through teaching and
assessment: conceptual fameworks and educational contexts. Paper
presented at the TLRP Conference, Leicester, England, November, 1-11.
Retrieved on December 10, 2011 from:
http://www.etl.tla.ed.ac.uk/docs/entwistle2000.pdf
[9] Williams, K., Wise, S. L. & West, R. F. (2001). Multifaceted
Measurement of Critical Thinking Skills in College Students. Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on
Measurement in Education, Seattle, Washington, April 10-14, 2-29.
[10] Facione, P.A. & Facione, N.C. (1992). The California Critical Thinking
Skills Test. Millbrae, CA, California Academic press.
[11] Chickering, A.W. & Gamson, Z.F. (1987). Seven Principles For Good
Practice In Undergraduate Education. AAHE Bulletin, 39 (7), 8-12.
[12] Dangel, H. L., & Wang, C. X. (2008). Student Response Systems in
Higher Education: Moving Beyond Linear Teaching and Surface
Learning. Journal of Educational Technology Development and
Exchange, 1(1), 93-104.
[13] Facione, P.A. (2004). Retrieved October 31, 2010, from:
http://insightassessment.com.
[14] Bloom, B.S. & Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational
objectives: The classification of educational goals, by a committee of
college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain,
Longman, New York.
[15] Anderson, L.W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (Eds.).(2001). A taxonomy for
learning, teaching and assessing: a revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of
educational objectives: Complete edition, Longman, New York, 2001.
[16] Thomas, J.D.E. (2001). “Technology integration and higher-order
learning”, Proceedings of Conference in Advanced Technology in
Education Conference, Banff, Calgary, Canada, May.
[17] Noll, C.L. & Wilkins, M. (2002). Critical skills of IS professionals: a
model for curriculum development. Journal of Information Technology
Education, 1(3), 144-154.
[18] Luckman, S. (2009). New information literacies: Helping university
students critically evaluate information online. International Journal of
Learning, 16(6), 499-512.
[19] Wittrock, M.C. (Ed.). (1986). Handbook of research on teaching. NY:
MacMillan.
[20] O'Shea, T. & Self, J.A. (1983). Learning and teaching with computers.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
[21] McEuen, S.F. (2001). How Fluent with information technology are our
students? EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 24(4), 8-17.
[22] Chism, N. (2004). Using a framework to engage faculty in instructional
technologies. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 27(2), 39-45.
[23] Thomas, J.D.E., Coppola, J. and Thomas, B. (2001).The Effect of
Technology Integration and Critical Thinking Skills in a Graduate
Introductory Information Systems Course, Proceedings of the
Information Systems Education Conference (ISECON), Cincinnati, Ohio,
Nov. 1-4.
[24] Thomas, J.D.E., Coppola,J. Braudy,M. and Thomas, B. (2005).
Comparison of Teaching Java in a Computer Classroom /Traditional
Classroom vs. Smart E-Classroom and its Effect on Critical Thinking: A
Case Study", Information Systems Education Journal, 3 (29).
[25] Barak, M., Harward, J. & Lerman, S. (2007). Studio-based learning via
wireless notebooks: a case of a Java programming course. International
Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 1(1), 15-29.
[26] Yeh, Y-C. (2009). Integrating e-learning into the direct-instruction
model to enhance the effectiveness of critical-thinking instruction.
Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences,
37(2), 185-203.
[27] Papanis, E., Giavrimis, P. & Papani, E.-M. (2010). The contribution of
the Internet into Learning, Review of European Studies, 2(1), 54-60.
www.ccsenet.org/res
[28] Thomas, J.D.E. & Morin, D. (2010). Technological supports for onsite
and distance education and students’ perceptions of acquisition of
thinking and team-building skills, International Journal of Distance
Education Technologies, 8(2), 1-13.
[29] Thomas, J.D.E. (2007). A survey of knowledge management skills
acquisition in an online team-based distributed computing course.
Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 4(9), 39-46. 24.
[30] Halawi, L.A., McCarthy, R.V. & Pires, S. (2009). An Evaluation of ELearning
on the Basis of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Exploratory study.
Journal of Education for Business, Viewpoint, 374-380.
[31] Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R. & Ives, B. (2001). Web-Based Virtual Learning
Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment
of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training. MIS Quarterly, 25(4),
December, p. 401-426.
[32] Saadé, R. (2010), Cognitive Mapping Decision Support for the Design
of Web-based Learning Environments, International Journal of Web-
Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 5(3), 36-53.
[33] Thomas, J.D.E. & Blackwood, M. (2010). Computer Literacy and Non-
IS majors. Information Systems Education Journal, 8 (58).
http://isedj.org/8/58/. ISSN: 1545-679X, 2010. (A preliminary version
appears in The Proceedings of ISECON 2009: §3753. ISSN: 1542-
7382.)
[34] Thomas, J.D.E. and D. Morin. (2006). Technological Supports and
Students' Perceptions of Acquisition of Team-Buiding and Thinking
Skills. Proceedings of E-Learn 2006 - World Conference on E-Learning
in Corporate, Government, Healthcare & Higher Education, Honolulu ,
Hawaii, USA, October 13-17, 2436-2441.
[35] Coppola, J.F. & Thomas, B.A. (2000). Beyond „chalk and talk‟: a
model for e-classroom design, T.H.E. (Technological Horizons in
Education) Journal, 27(6), p. 30-36.
[1] Novit, R. (April 29, 2010). ATC (Aiken Technical College) to Teach
Critical Thinking Skills in Classroom. Aiken Standard, Retrieved August 7, 2012, from: http:// www.atc.edu/ p372.aspx
[2] Campbell, J. (2010, November 8). Are youths prepared to work?
McClatchy - Tribune Information Services, 3.
[3] Booi, L. (2011). Critical Thinking: Barriers and Opportunities.
http://www.teachers.ab.ca/Publications/ATA%20Magazine/Volume-91/ Number3/ Pages/ Criticalthinking.aspx
[4] Florian, T.P. (2010). Confidence-Based Assessment in Moodle: Insights
from Teachers, Administrators and Programmers. (Doctoral
dissertation). Walden University, Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations
and Theses. (Accession Order No. AAT 3423706)
[5] Pask, G. (1976). Styles and strategies of learning. British Journal of
Educational Psychology, 46, 128-148.
[6] Pask, G. (1988). Learning strategies, teaching strategies and conceptual
or learning style. In R.R. R.R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and
learning styles. New York: Plenum Press.
[7] Entwistle, N.J., McCune, V.& Walker, P. (2000). Conceptions, styles
and approaches within higher education: analytic abstractions and
everyday experience. In R. J. Sternberg & L-F. Zhang (Eds.),
Perspectives on Cognitive, Learning, and Thinking Styles. Mahwah, N.
J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[8] Entwistle, N. J. (2000). Promoting deep learning through teaching and
assessment: conceptual fameworks and educational contexts. Paper
presented at the TLRP Conference, Leicester, England, November, 1-11.
Retrieved on December 10, 2011 from:
http://www.etl.tla.ed.ac.uk/docs/entwistle2000.pdf
[9] Williams, K., Wise, S. L. & West, R. F. (2001). Multifaceted
Measurement of Critical Thinking Skills in College Students. Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on
Measurement in Education, Seattle, Washington, April 10-14, 2-29.
[10] Facione, P.A. & Facione, N.C. (1992). The California Critical Thinking
Skills Test. Millbrae, CA, California Academic press.
[11] Chickering, A.W. & Gamson, Z.F. (1987). Seven Principles For Good
Practice In Undergraduate Education. AAHE Bulletin, 39 (7), 8-12.
[12] Dangel, H. L., & Wang, C. X. (2008). Student Response Systems in
Higher Education: Moving Beyond Linear Teaching and Surface
Learning. Journal of Educational Technology Development and
Exchange, 1(1), 93-104.
[13] Facione, P.A. (2004). Retrieved October 31, 2010, from:
http://insightassessment.com.
[14] Bloom, B.S. & Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational
objectives: The classification of educational goals, by a committee of
college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain,
Longman, New York.
[15] Anderson, L.W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (Eds.).(2001). A taxonomy for
learning, teaching and assessing: a revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of
educational objectives: Complete edition, Longman, New York, 2001.
[16] Thomas, J.D.E. (2001). “Technology integration and higher-order
learning”, Proceedings of Conference in Advanced Technology in
Education Conference, Banff, Calgary, Canada, May.
[17] Noll, C.L. & Wilkins, M. (2002). Critical skills of IS professionals: a
model for curriculum development. Journal of Information Technology
Education, 1(3), 144-154.
[18] Luckman, S. (2009). New information literacies: Helping university
students critically evaluate information online. International Journal of
Learning, 16(6), 499-512.
[19] Wittrock, M.C. (Ed.). (1986). Handbook of research on teaching. NY:
MacMillan.
[20] O'Shea, T. & Self, J.A. (1983). Learning and teaching with computers.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
[21] McEuen, S.F. (2001). How Fluent with information technology are our
students? EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 24(4), 8-17.
[22] Chism, N. (2004). Using a framework to engage faculty in instructional
technologies. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 27(2), 39-45.
[23] Thomas, J.D.E., Coppola, J. and Thomas, B. (2001).The Effect of
Technology Integration and Critical Thinking Skills in a Graduate
Introductory Information Systems Course, Proceedings of the
Information Systems Education Conference (ISECON), Cincinnati, Ohio,
Nov. 1-4.
[24] Thomas, J.D.E., Coppola,J. Braudy,M. and Thomas, B. (2005).
Comparison of Teaching Java in a Computer Classroom /Traditional
Classroom vs. Smart E-Classroom and its Effect on Critical Thinking: A
Case Study", Information Systems Education Journal, 3 (29).
[25] Barak, M., Harward, J. & Lerman, S. (2007). Studio-based learning via
wireless notebooks: a case of a Java programming course. International
Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 1(1), 15-29.
[26] Yeh, Y-C. (2009). Integrating e-learning into the direct-instruction
model to enhance the effectiveness of critical-thinking instruction.
Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences,
37(2), 185-203.
[27] Papanis, E., Giavrimis, P. & Papani, E.-M. (2010). The contribution of
the Internet into Learning, Review of European Studies, 2(1), 54-60.
www.ccsenet.org/res
[28] Thomas, J.D.E. & Morin, D. (2010). Technological supports for onsite
and distance education and students’ perceptions of acquisition of
thinking and team-building skills, International Journal of Distance
Education Technologies, 8(2), 1-13.
[29] Thomas, J.D.E. (2007). A survey of knowledge management skills
acquisition in an online team-based distributed computing course.
Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 4(9), 39-46. 24.
[30] Halawi, L.A., McCarthy, R.V. & Pires, S. (2009). An Evaluation of ELearning
on the Basis of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Exploratory study.
Journal of Education for Business, Viewpoint, 374-380.
[31] Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R. & Ives, B. (2001). Web-Based Virtual Learning
Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment
of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training. MIS Quarterly, 25(4),
December, p. 401-426.
[32] Saadé, R. (2010), Cognitive Mapping Decision Support for the Design
of Web-based Learning Environments, International Journal of Web-
Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 5(3), 36-53.
[33] Thomas, J.D.E. & Blackwood, M. (2010). Computer Literacy and Non-
IS majors. Information Systems Education Journal, 8 (58).
http://isedj.org/8/58/. ISSN: 1545-679X, 2010. (A preliminary version
appears in The Proceedings of ISECON 2009: §3753. ISSN: 1542-
7382.)
[34] Thomas, J.D.E. and D. Morin. (2006). Technological Supports and
Students' Perceptions of Acquisition of Team-Buiding and Thinking
Skills. Proceedings of E-Learn 2006 - World Conference on E-Learning
in Corporate, Government, Healthcare & Higher Education, Honolulu ,
Hawaii, USA, October 13-17, 2436-2441.
[35] Coppola, J.F. & Thomas, B.A. (2000). Beyond „chalk and talk‟: a
model for e-classroom design, T.H.E. (Technological Horizons in
Education) Journal, 27(6), p. 30-36.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:61635", author = "Danielle Morin and Jennifer D.E.Thomas and Raafat G. Saade", title = "Deep Learning and Virtual Environment", abstract = "While computers are known to facilitate lower levels of learning, such as rote memorization of facts, measurable through electronically administered and graded multiple-choice questions, yes/no, and true/false answers, the imparting and measurement of higher-level cognitive skills is more vexing. These require more open-ended delivery and answers, and may be more problematic in an entirely virtual environment, notwithstanding the advances in technologies such as wikis, blogs, discussion boards, etc. As with the integration of all technology, merit is based more on the instructional design of the course than on the technology employed in, and of, itself. With this in mind, this study examined the perceptions of online students in an introductory Computer Information Systems course regarding the fostering of various higher-order thinking and team-building skills as a result of the activities, resources and technologies (ART) used in the course.
", keywords = "Critical thinking, deep learning, distance learning, elearning, online learning, virtual environments.", volume = "6", number = "11", pages = "3268-7", }
