Can Physical Activity and Dietary Fat Intake Influence Body Mass Index in a Cross-sectional Correlational Design?
The purpose of this study was to determine the
influence of physical activity and dietary fat intake on Body Mass
Index (BMI) of lecturers within a higher learning institutionalized
setting. The study adopted a Cross-sectional Correlational Design
and included 120 lecturers selected proportionately by simple
random sampling techniques from a population of 600 lecturers. Data
was collected using questionnaires, which had sections including
physical activity checklist adopted from the international physical
activity questionnaire (IPAQ), 24-hour food recall, anthropometric
measurements mainly weight and height. Analysis involved the use
of bivariate correlations and linear regression. A significant inverse
association was registered between BMI and duration (in minutes)
spent doing moderate intense physical activity per day (r=-0.322,
p<0.01). Physical activity also predicted BMI (r2=0.096, F=13.616,
β=-3.22, t=-3.69, n=120, P<0.01). However, the association between
Body Mass Index and dietary fat was not significant (r=0.038,
p>0.05). Physical activity emerged as a more powerful determinant
of BMI compared to dietary fat intake.
[1] Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical
Research Institute, National Council of Population Development and
Centre for Disease Control Kenya Demographic Health Survey results.
CBS, MOH, KMRI, NCPD, CDC, Nairobi, 2003
[2] M.L. Klem, R.R. Wing, M.T. Mc Guire, H.M. Seagle and J.O. A Hill
"Descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of
substantial weight loss" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.66,
pp.239-246, 1997.
[3] D.M.W. Salmon, and J.P. Flatt "Effect of dietary fat content on the
incidence of obesity among ad libitum fed mice," International Journal
of Obesity, Vol. 9, pp. 443-449, 1985.
[4] R. Schemmel, O. Mickelsen, and K. Motawi, "Conversion of dietary to
body energy in rats as affected by strain, sex and ration," Journal of
Nutrition, Vol.102, no.9, pp.1187-1197, 1972.
[5] W. Willett "Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity," Obesity Review,
Vo 3, no.2, pp. 59-68, May 2002.
[6] C. T. Sempos, K. Liu, and N.D. Ernst, "Food and nutrient exposures:
What to consider when evaluating epidemiologic evidence," American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.69, pp. 1330S-1338S, 1999.
[7] Creative Research Systems (2003). The survey system: Sample size
calculator. Available: http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm.
[8] L. Ibironke, (Fall 2002) "Scholarly Communication: The Use and Non-
Use of E-Print Archives for the Dissemination of Scientific
Information," Science and Technology Librarianship. Available:
http://www.istl.org/02-fall/article3.html.
[9] R. Mugnaini, A.L. Packer and R. Meneghini, "Comparison of scientists
of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and of the National Academy of
Sciences of the USA on the basis of the h-index," Brazilian Journal of
Medical and Biological Research, Vol. 41, No.4, 258-262, Feb. 2008.
[10] B.E. Ainsworth, W.L. Haskell, L. William, M.C. Whitt, M.L. Irwin, L.
Melinda, et al. " Compendium of physical activity classification of
energy cost of human physical activity," Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise, Vol. 25, no.1, pp. 71-80, 1993.
[11] Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, WL., William, L., Whitt, M.C., Irwin, M.L.,
B.E. Ainsworth, W.L. Haskell, L. William, M.C. Whitt, M.L. Irwin, L.
Melinda, et al. "Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity
codes and MET intensities.," Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise," Vol. 32, no.9, pp.498-516, 2000.
[12] United States Department Health and Human Services Physical activity
fundamental to preventing disease. Rockville, MD Inc. Washington,
2002.
[13] World Health Organization, "Global strategy on diet, physical activity
and health," presented at African Regional Consultation Meeting Report
Harare, Zimbabwe, 28-20 March, 2003.
[14] M.C. Latham, Human nutrition in tropical Africa: A textbook for health
workers with special reference to community health problems in East
Africa. New York; NY: Cornel University, 1979.
[15] N.O.R. K- Okul, Maternal and child health in Kenya: A study of poverty,
disease and malnutrition in Samia. Published by The Finish Society for
Development Studies in cooperation with The Scandinavian Institute of
African studies, Nairobi, 1991.
[16] World Health Organization "Obesity: Preventing and managing the
global epidemic" WHO technical report series 894. WHO Geneva, 2000.
[17] O.D. Omondi, O.A.L. Othuon, and G.M. Mbagaya, "Physical activity
patterns, dietary intake and health status among University of Nairobi
lecturers," South African Journal for research in sport, physical
education and recreation, Vol.29, no.2, pp. 87-98, Nov., 2007.
[18] S. Paeratakul, B.M. Popkin, G. Keyou, L.S. Adair, and J. Stevens
"Changes in diet and physical activity affect the Body Mass Index of
Chinese adults," International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 22, no.5, pp.
424-431, 1998.
[19] E.M. Berry, J. Hirsch, and J. Most, and J. Thorton "The role of dietary
fat in human obesity" International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 10, pp.123-
131, 1986.
[20] J.P. Flatt, "The difference in the storage capacities for carbohydrate and
for fat, and its implications in the regulation of body weight," Ann NY
Academic Science, Vol. 499, pp. 104-123, 1987.
[21] L. Lissner, and B.L. Heitmann "Dietary fat and obesity: Evidence from
epidemiology," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 49, no.2,
pp.79-90, 1995.
[22] L.E. Braitman, E.V. Adlin and J.L. Stanton "Obesity and caloric intake:
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1975
(HANES I). Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 38, pp.727-732, 1985.
[23] W.C. Willett, Nutritional epidemiology. Oxford University Press: New
York, 1990.
[1] Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical
Research Institute, National Council of Population Development and
Centre for Disease Control Kenya Demographic Health Survey results.
CBS, MOH, KMRI, NCPD, CDC, Nairobi, 2003
[2] M.L. Klem, R.R. Wing, M.T. Mc Guire, H.M. Seagle and J.O. A Hill
"Descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of
substantial weight loss" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.66,
pp.239-246, 1997.
[3] D.M.W. Salmon, and J.P. Flatt "Effect of dietary fat content on the
incidence of obesity among ad libitum fed mice," International Journal
of Obesity, Vol. 9, pp. 443-449, 1985.
[4] R. Schemmel, O. Mickelsen, and K. Motawi, "Conversion of dietary to
body energy in rats as affected by strain, sex and ration," Journal of
Nutrition, Vol.102, no.9, pp.1187-1197, 1972.
[5] W. Willett "Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity," Obesity Review,
Vo 3, no.2, pp. 59-68, May 2002.
[6] C. T. Sempos, K. Liu, and N.D. Ernst, "Food and nutrient exposures:
What to consider when evaluating epidemiologic evidence," American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol.69, pp. 1330S-1338S, 1999.
[7] Creative Research Systems (2003). The survey system: Sample size
calculator. Available: http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm.
[8] L. Ibironke, (Fall 2002) "Scholarly Communication: The Use and Non-
Use of E-Print Archives for the Dissemination of Scientific
Information," Science and Technology Librarianship. Available:
http://www.istl.org/02-fall/article3.html.
[9] R. Mugnaini, A.L. Packer and R. Meneghini, "Comparison of scientists
of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and of the National Academy of
Sciences of the USA on the basis of the h-index," Brazilian Journal of
Medical and Biological Research, Vol. 41, No.4, 258-262, Feb. 2008.
[10] B.E. Ainsworth, W.L. Haskell, L. William, M.C. Whitt, M.L. Irwin, L.
Melinda, et al. " Compendium of physical activity classification of
energy cost of human physical activity," Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise, Vol. 25, no.1, pp. 71-80, 1993.
[11] Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, WL., William, L., Whitt, M.C., Irwin, M.L.,
B.E. Ainsworth, W.L. Haskell, L. William, M.C. Whitt, M.L. Irwin, L.
Melinda, et al. "Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity
codes and MET intensities.," Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise," Vol. 32, no.9, pp.498-516, 2000.
[12] United States Department Health and Human Services Physical activity
fundamental to preventing disease. Rockville, MD Inc. Washington,
2002.
[13] World Health Organization, "Global strategy on diet, physical activity
and health," presented at African Regional Consultation Meeting Report
Harare, Zimbabwe, 28-20 March, 2003.
[14] M.C. Latham, Human nutrition in tropical Africa: A textbook for health
workers with special reference to community health problems in East
Africa. New York; NY: Cornel University, 1979.
[15] N.O.R. K- Okul, Maternal and child health in Kenya: A study of poverty,
disease and malnutrition in Samia. Published by The Finish Society for
Development Studies in cooperation with The Scandinavian Institute of
African studies, Nairobi, 1991.
[16] World Health Organization "Obesity: Preventing and managing the
global epidemic" WHO technical report series 894. WHO Geneva, 2000.
[17] O.D. Omondi, O.A.L. Othuon, and G.M. Mbagaya, "Physical activity
patterns, dietary intake and health status among University of Nairobi
lecturers," South African Journal for research in sport, physical
education and recreation, Vol.29, no.2, pp. 87-98, Nov., 2007.
[18] S. Paeratakul, B.M. Popkin, G. Keyou, L.S. Adair, and J. Stevens
"Changes in diet and physical activity affect the Body Mass Index of
Chinese adults," International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 22, no.5, pp.
424-431, 1998.
[19] E.M. Berry, J. Hirsch, and J. Most, and J. Thorton "The role of dietary
fat in human obesity" International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 10, pp.123-
131, 1986.
[20] J.P. Flatt, "The difference in the storage capacities for carbohydrate and
for fat, and its implications in the regulation of body weight," Ann NY
Academic Science, Vol. 499, pp. 104-123, 1987.
[21] L. Lissner, and B.L. Heitmann "Dietary fat and obesity: Evidence from
epidemiology," European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 49, no.2,
pp.79-90, 1995.
[22] L.E. Braitman, E.V. Adlin and J.L. Stanton "Obesity and caloric intake:
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1975
(HANES I). Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 38, pp.727-732, 1985.
[23] W.C. Willett, Nutritional epidemiology. Oxford University Press: New
York, 1990.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:57076", author = "D.O. Omondi and L.O.A. Othuon and G.M. Mbagaya", title = "Can Physical Activity and Dietary Fat Intake Influence Body Mass Index in a Cross-sectional Correlational Design?", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to determine the
influence of physical activity and dietary fat intake on Body Mass
Index (BMI) of lecturers within a higher learning institutionalized
setting. The study adopted a Cross-sectional Correlational Design
and included 120 lecturers selected proportionately by simple
random sampling techniques from a population of 600 lecturers. Data
was collected using questionnaires, which had sections including
physical activity checklist adopted from the international physical
activity questionnaire (IPAQ), 24-hour food recall, anthropometric
measurements mainly weight and height. Analysis involved the use
of bivariate correlations and linear regression. A significant inverse
association was registered between BMI and duration (in minutes)
spent doing moderate intense physical activity per day (r=-0.322,
p", keywords = "Physical activity, dietary fat intake, Body MassIndex, Kenya.", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "433-4", }
