Biodegradation of Cyanide by a Novel Cyanidedegrading Bacterium
The objectives were to identify cyanide-degrading
bacteria and study cyanide removal efficiency. Agrobacterium
tumefaciens SUTS 1 was isolated. This is a new strain of
microorganisms for cyanide degradation. The maximum growth rate
of SUTS 1 obtained 4.7 × 108 CFU/ml within 4 days. The cyanide
removal efficiency was studied at 25, 50, and 150 mg/L cyanide. The
residual cyanide, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, pH, and cell counts were
analyzed. At 25 and 50 mg/L cyanide, SUTS 1 obtained similar
removal efficiency approximately 87.50%. At 150 mg/L cyanide,
SUTS 1 enhanced the cyanide removal efficiency up to 97.90%. Cell
counts of SUTS 1 increased when the cyanide concentration was set
at lower. The ammonia increased when the removal efficiency
increased. The nitrate increased when the ammonia decreased but the
nitrite did not detect in all experiments. pH values also increased
when the cyanide concentrations were set at higher.
[1] C. J. Knowles, "Microorganisms and cyanide," Bacteriol Rev., vol.40,
pp. 652-680, 1976.
[2] S. A. Raybuck, "Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide
degradation," Biodegradation, vol.3, pp. 3-18, 1992.
[3] P. A. Donberg, D. A. Odelson, G. M. Klecka, and D. A. Markham,
"Biodegradation of acrylonitrile in soil," Environ Toxicol Chem., vol.
11, pp. 1538-1594, 1992.
[4] B. N. Aronstein, A. Maka, and V. J. Srivastava, "Chemical and
biological removal of cyanide from aqueous and soil-containing
systems," Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 41, pp. 700-707, 1994.
[5] ATSDR. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.
Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tox-profiles, 2004.
[6] T. C. Young and T. L. Theis, "Determination of cyanide in
manufactured gas plant purified wastes," Environ Technol., vol. 12, pp.
1063-1069, 1991.
[7] J. C. L. Meeussen, G. K. Meindert, W. H. van Reimsdijk, and F.A.M. de
Haan, "Dissolution behavior of iron cyanide (Prussian Blue) in
contaminated soils," Environ Sci Technol., vol. 26, pp. 1832-1838,
1992b.
[8] A. G. Sharpe, "The chemical of the cyano complexes of the transition
metals," 1st edn. Academic Press, New York, 1976.
[9] I. Finnegan, S. Toerien, L. Abbot, F. Smit, and H. G. Raubenheimer,
"Identification and characterization of a Acinetobacter sp. capable of
assimilation of a range of cyano-metal complexes, free cyanide ions and
simple organic nitriles," Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 36, pp. 142-
144, 1991.
[10] J. L. Huiatt, "Cyanide from mineral processing: Problems and research
needs," in Proc. Conf. Cyanide and the environment. Tucson, Arizona,
1984, pp. 65-81.
[11] M. Botz and T. Mudder, "Treatment of solutions and slurries for cyanide
removal," In: A. Miular, D. Halbe, and D. Barratt, Mineral processing
Plant Design, Practice, and Control. The Society for Mining, Metallurgy,
and Exploration, Chapter D-L, Littleton, Colorado, 2002, pp. 474.
[12] M. Logsdon, T. Mudder, and K. Hagelstein, "The management of
cyanide in gold extraction," International Council on Metals and
Environment, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1999, pp. 40.
[13] A. Dumestre, T. Chone, J. M. Portal, M. Gerard, and J. Berthelin,
"Cyanide Degradation under Alkaline Conditions by a Strain of
Fusarium solani Isolated from Contamination Soils," Appl Environ
Microb, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 2729-2734, 1997.
[14] M. D. Adjei and Y. Ohta, "Factors affecting the biodegradation of
cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C-3," J Biosci Bioengineer., vol.
89, pp. 274-277, 2000.
[15] J. K. Dhillon and N. Shivaraman, "Biodegradation of cyanide
compounds by a Pseudomonas species (S1)," Can J Microbiol, vol. 45,
pp. 201, 1999.
[16] J. Baxter and S. P. Cummings, "The current and future applications of
microorganism in the bioremediation of cyanide contamination," A Van
Leeuw., vol. 90, pp. 1-17, 2006.
[17] D. H. Bergey and G. H. John, "Bergey-s manual of determinative
Bacteriology," William and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 1994, pp. 71-
74.
[18] APHA, AWWA, and WPCF, "Standard method for the examination of
water and wastewater," 19th ed. American Public Health Association,
Washington DC, 1995, pp. 535-561.
[19] J. Zupan, T. R. Muth, O. Draper, and P. Zambryski, "The transfer of
DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plants: a feast of
fundamental insights," Plant J., vol. 23, pp. 11-28, 2000.
[20] B. Goodner, G. Hinkle, S. Gattung, N. Miller, M. Blanchard, B. Qurollo,
et al., "Genome Sequence of the Plant Pathogen and Biotechnology
Agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58," Science, vol.294, pp. 2323-
2328, 2001.
[21] D. W. Wood, J. C. Setubal, R. Kaul, D. E. Monks, J. P. Kitajima, V. K.
Okura, et al,. "The Genome of the Natural Genetic Engineer
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58," Science, vol. 294, pp. 2317-2323,
2001.
[22] R. E. Harris and C. J. Knowles, "Isolation and growth of a Pseudomonas
species that utilized cyanide as a source of nitrogen," J Gen Microbiol.,
vol. 129, pp. 1005-1011, 1983a.
[23] A. Watanabe, K. Yano, K. Ikebukuro, and I. Karube, "Cyanide
hydrolysis in a cyanide-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri
AK61 by cyanidase," Microbiology, vol. 144, pp. 1677-1682, 1998.
[24] D. A. Kunz, R. F. Fernandez, and P. Parab, "Evidance that bacterial
cyanide oxygenase is a pterin-dependant hydroxylase," Biochem
Biophys Res Comm., vol. 287, pp. 514-518, 2001.
[25] R. Cipollone, M. G. Bigotti, E. Frangipani, P. Ascenzi, and P. Visca,
"Characterization of a rhodanese from the cyanogenic bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa," Biochem Biophys Res Comm., vol. 325, pp.
85-90, 2004.
[26] K. Ingvorsen, B. Hojer-Pedersen, and S. E. Godtfredsen, "Novel
cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp.
Denitrificans," Appl Environ Microbiol., vol. 57, pp. 1783-1789, 1991.
[27] S. M. Kang and D. J. Kim, "Degradation of cyanide by a bacterial
mixture composed of new types of cyanide degrading bacteria,"
Biotechnol Letters., vol. 15, pp. 201-206, 1993.
[28] K. D. Chapatwala, G. R. V. Rabu, O. K. Vijaya, K. P. Kumar, and J. H.
Wolfram, "Biodegradation of cyanides, cyanates and thiocyanates to
ammonia and carbon dioxide by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas
putida," J Ind Microbiol and Biot., vol. 20, pp. 28-33, 1998.
[29] P. K. Dorr and C. J. Knowles, "Cyanide oxygenase and cyanase
activities of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764," FEMS
Microbiol Lett., vol. 60, pp. 289-294, 1989.
[30] P. R. Meyers, P. Gokool, D. E. Rawlings, and D. R. Woods, "An
efficient cyanide-degrading Bacillus pumilus strain," J Gen Microbiol.,
vol. 137, pp. 1397-1400, 1991.
[31] S. Petrozzi and I. J. Dunn, "Biological cyanide degradation in aerobic
fluidized bed reactors: treatment of almond seed wastewater,"
Bioprocess Eng., vol. 11, pp. 29-38, 1994.
[32] C. M. Kao, J. K. Liu, H. R. Lou, C. S. Lin, and S. C. Chen,
"Biotransformation of cyanide to methane and ammonia by Klebsiella
oxytoca," Chemosphere, vol. 50, pp. 1055-1061, 2003.
[33] S. Ebbs, "Biological degradation of cyanide compounds," Curr Opin
Biotech., vol. 15, pp. 231-236, 2004.
[34] S. Sirianuntapiboon and C. Chuamkaew, "Packed cage rotating
biological contactor system for treatment of cyanide wastewater,"
Bioresource Technol., vol. 98, pp. 266-272, 2007.
[35] Metcalf and Eddy, "Waste water engineering treatment disposal and
reuse," third ed. McGraw-Hill Inc., Singapore, 1991, pp. 545-567.
[1] C. J. Knowles, "Microorganisms and cyanide," Bacteriol Rev., vol.40,
pp. 652-680, 1976.
[2] S. A. Raybuck, "Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide
degradation," Biodegradation, vol.3, pp. 3-18, 1992.
[3] P. A. Donberg, D. A. Odelson, G. M. Klecka, and D. A. Markham,
"Biodegradation of acrylonitrile in soil," Environ Toxicol Chem., vol.
11, pp. 1538-1594, 1992.
[4] B. N. Aronstein, A. Maka, and V. J. Srivastava, "Chemical and
biological removal of cyanide from aqueous and soil-containing
systems," Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 41, pp. 700-707, 1994.
[5] ATSDR. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.
Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tox-profiles, 2004.
[6] T. C. Young and T. L. Theis, "Determination of cyanide in
manufactured gas plant purified wastes," Environ Technol., vol. 12, pp.
1063-1069, 1991.
[7] J. C. L. Meeussen, G. K. Meindert, W. H. van Reimsdijk, and F.A.M. de
Haan, "Dissolution behavior of iron cyanide (Prussian Blue) in
contaminated soils," Environ Sci Technol., vol. 26, pp. 1832-1838,
1992b.
[8] A. G. Sharpe, "The chemical of the cyano complexes of the transition
metals," 1st edn. Academic Press, New York, 1976.
[9] I. Finnegan, S. Toerien, L. Abbot, F. Smit, and H. G. Raubenheimer,
"Identification and characterization of a Acinetobacter sp. capable of
assimilation of a range of cyano-metal complexes, free cyanide ions and
simple organic nitriles," Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 36, pp. 142-
144, 1991.
[10] J. L. Huiatt, "Cyanide from mineral processing: Problems and research
needs," in Proc. Conf. Cyanide and the environment. Tucson, Arizona,
1984, pp. 65-81.
[11] M. Botz and T. Mudder, "Treatment of solutions and slurries for cyanide
removal," In: A. Miular, D. Halbe, and D. Barratt, Mineral processing
Plant Design, Practice, and Control. The Society for Mining, Metallurgy,
and Exploration, Chapter D-L, Littleton, Colorado, 2002, pp. 474.
[12] M. Logsdon, T. Mudder, and K. Hagelstein, "The management of
cyanide in gold extraction," International Council on Metals and
Environment, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1999, pp. 40.
[13] A. Dumestre, T. Chone, J. M. Portal, M. Gerard, and J. Berthelin,
"Cyanide Degradation under Alkaline Conditions by a Strain of
Fusarium solani Isolated from Contamination Soils," Appl Environ
Microb, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 2729-2734, 1997.
[14] M. D. Adjei and Y. Ohta, "Factors affecting the biodegradation of
cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C-3," J Biosci Bioengineer., vol.
89, pp. 274-277, 2000.
[15] J. K. Dhillon and N. Shivaraman, "Biodegradation of cyanide
compounds by a Pseudomonas species (S1)," Can J Microbiol, vol. 45,
pp. 201, 1999.
[16] J. Baxter and S. P. Cummings, "The current and future applications of
microorganism in the bioremediation of cyanide contamination," A Van
Leeuw., vol. 90, pp. 1-17, 2006.
[17] D. H. Bergey and G. H. John, "Bergey-s manual of determinative
Bacteriology," William and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 1994, pp. 71-
74.
[18] APHA, AWWA, and WPCF, "Standard method for the examination of
water and wastewater," 19th ed. American Public Health Association,
Washington DC, 1995, pp. 535-561.
[19] J. Zupan, T. R. Muth, O. Draper, and P. Zambryski, "The transfer of
DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plants: a feast of
fundamental insights," Plant J., vol. 23, pp. 11-28, 2000.
[20] B. Goodner, G. Hinkle, S. Gattung, N. Miller, M. Blanchard, B. Qurollo,
et al., "Genome Sequence of the Plant Pathogen and Biotechnology
Agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58," Science, vol.294, pp. 2323-
2328, 2001.
[21] D. W. Wood, J. C. Setubal, R. Kaul, D. E. Monks, J. P. Kitajima, V. K.
Okura, et al,. "The Genome of the Natural Genetic Engineer
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58," Science, vol. 294, pp. 2317-2323,
2001.
[22] R. E. Harris and C. J. Knowles, "Isolation and growth of a Pseudomonas
species that utilized cyanide as a source of nitrogen," J Gen Microbiol.,
vol. 129, pp. 1005-1011, 1983a.
[23] A. Watanabe, K. Yano, K. Ikebukuro, and I. Karube, "Cyanide
hydrolysis in a cyanide-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri
AK61 by cyanidase," Microbiology, vol. 144, pp. 1677-1682, 1998.
[24] D. A. Kunz, R. F. Fernandez, and P. Parab, "Evidance that bacterial
cyanide oxygenase is a pterin-dependant hydroxylase," Biochem
Biophys Res Comm., vol. 287, pp. 514-518, 2001.
[25] R. Cipollone, M. G. Bigotti, E. Frangipani, P. Ascenzi, and P. Visca,
"Characterization of a rhodanese from the cyanogenic bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa," Biochem Biophys Res Comm., vol. 325, pp.
85-90, 2004.
[26] K. Ingvorsen, B. Hojer-Pedersen, and S. E. Godtfredsen, "Novel
cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp.
Denitrificans," Appl Environ Microbiol., vol. 57, pp. 1783-1789, 1991.
[27] S. M. Kang and D. J. Kim, "Degradation of cyanide by a bacterial
mixture composed of new types of cyanide degrading bacteria,"
Biotechnol Letters., vol. 15, pp. 201-206, 1993.
[28] K. D. Chapatwala, G. R. V. Rabu, O. K. Vijaya, K. P. Kumar, and J. H.
Wolfram, "Biodegradation of cyanides, cyanates and thiocyanates to
ammonia and carbon dioxide by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas
putida," J Ind Microbiol and Biot., vol. 20, pp. 28-33, 1998.
[29] P. K. Dorr and C. J. Knowles, "Cyanide oxygenase and cyanase
activities of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764," FEMS
Microbiol Lett., vol. 60, pp. 289-294, 1989.
[30] P. R. Meyers, P. Gokool, D. E. Rawlings, and D. R. Woods, "An
efficient cyanide-degrading Bacillus pumilus strain," J Gen Microbiol.,
vol. 137, pp. 1397-1400, 1991.
[31] S. Petrozzi and I. J. Dunn, "Biological cyanide degradation in aerobic
fluidized bed reactors: treatment of almond seed wastewater,"
Bioprocess Eng., vol. 11, pp. 29-38, 1994.
[32] C. M. Kao, J. K. Liu, H. R. Lou, C. S. Lin, and S. C. Chen,
"Biotransformation of cyanide to methane and ammonia by Klebsiella
oxytoca," Chemosphere, vol. 50, pp. 1055-1061, 2003.
[33] S. Ebbs, "Biological degradation of cyanide compounds," Curr Opin
Biotech., vol. 15, pp. 231-236, 2004.
[34] S. Sirianuntapiboon and C. Chuamkaew, "Packed cage rotating
biological contactor system for treatment of cyanide wastewater,"
Bioresource Technol., vol. 98, pp. 266-272, 2007.
[35] Metcalf and Eddy, "Waste water engineering treatment disposal and
reuse," third ed. McGraw-Hill Inc., Singapore, 1991, pp. 545-567.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:57712", author = "S. Potivichayanon and R. Kitleartpornpairoat", title = "Biodegradation of Cyanide by a Novel Cyanidedegrading Bacterium", abstract = "The objectives were to identify cyanide-degrading
bacteria and study cyanide removal efficiency. Agrobacterium
tumefaciens SUTS 1 was isolated. This is a new strain of
microorganisms for cyanide degradation. The maximum growth rate
of SUTS 1 obtained 4.7 × 108 CFU/ml within 4 days. The cyanide
removal efficiency was studied at 25, 50, and 150 mg/L cyanide. The
residual cyanide, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, pH, and cell counts were
analyzed. At 25 and 50 mg/L cyanide, SUTS 1 obtained similar
removal efficiency approximately 87.50%. At 150 mg/L cyanide,
SUTS 1 enhanced the cyanide removal efficiency up to 97.90%. Cell
counts of SUTS 1 increased when the cyanide concentration was set
at lower. The ammonia increased when the removal efficiency
increased. The nitrate increased when the ammonia decreased but the
nitrite did not detect in all experiments. pH values also increased
when the cyanide concentrations were set at higher.", keywords = "Biodegradation, Cyanide-degrading bacteria,Removal efficiency, Residual cyanide", volume = "4", number = "6", pages = "419-4", }
