Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts
Medicinal plants are now gaining attractiveness in
treatment of bacterial infections and food preservation. The objective
of this study was to assess antibacterial activity of some medicinal
plants on pathogenic bacteria. Screening of antibacterial activity of
aqueous and methanol extracts of some plants: Jojoba, Ginger, Sage,
Thyme and Clove against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium,
Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli
were investigated. Antibacterial activity was performed by agar
diffusion and disc diffusion method. Jatropha, Jojoba, Clove and
Ginger extracts showed notable bacterial activity in the first
screening step then selected to be tested against Bacillus cereus
(Gram+), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) and Salmonella
typhimurium (Gram−) and their effect was compared using
antibiotics as control. Screening results showed potential antibacterial
activity of the tested plant extracts against the screened bacterial
strains. It was found that methanol extracts exhibited higher
antibacterial activity than aqueous extracts. Methanol extract of
Jatropha showed the highest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus
aureus (Gram+) with 24.00 mm diameter, compared to the other
plant extracts followed by clove. Meanwhile, the inhibition zones of
methanol extracts of Jojoba and Ginger were the same (12mm).The
Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to aqueous
and methanol extracts than Gram-negative bacteria.
[1] A. Lucera, C. Costa, A. Conte, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Food
applications of natural antimicrobial compounds,” Frontiers in
Microbiology, vol. 3, Article 287, 1 – 13, 2012
[2] V. Areekul, P. Jiapiyasakul, and A. Chandrapatya, “In vitro
Antimicrobial Screening of Selected Traditional Thai Plants,” Thai
Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.42, no.2, 81-89, 2009.
[3] G. J. E. Nychas, C. C. Tassou, and P. Skandamis, “Antimicrobials from
herbs and spices,” In S. M. Roller (Ed.), Natural antimicrobials for the
minimal processing of foods, (pp. 176–200), New York: wood head
Publishers, CRC Press, 2003.
[4] E. S. Al-Sheddi, “Pharmacognostical Study of Salvia merjamie Forsk
growing in Saudi Arabia, PhD thesis. King Saud University, 2009.
[5] R. M. Mariita, C. K. P. O. Ogal, N. O. Oguge, and P. O. Okemo,
“Methanol extract of three medicinal plants from Samburu in northern
Kenya show significant Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal
properties,” Research journal of medicinal plants, vol. 5, no. 1, 54-64,
2011.
[6] S. S. Thalwal, A. Gupta, Abhimanyu, N. Saini, S. K. Patel, and L.
Kapoor, “Antimicrobial activity of traditionally used herbs against
human pathogens,” International Journal of Biomedical Research, vol.4,
no. 6, 236-240, 2013.
[7] B. Mahesh, and S. Satish, “Antimicrobial activity of some important
medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens.” World Journal of
Agricultural Science, vol.4, pp 839-843, 2008.
[8] T. Selvamohan, V. Ramadas, and S. S. S. Kishore, “Antimicrobial
activity of selected medicinal plants against some selected human
pathogenic bacteria.” Advances in Applied Science Research, vol. 3,
no.5, pp 3374-3381, 2012.
[9] M. Škrinjar, and N.T. Nemet, “Antimicrobial effects of spices and herbs
essential oils,” Acta Periodica technologica, vol. 40, pp195-209, 2009.
Jatropha,
[10] J. Billing and P.W. Sherman, “Antimicrobial Functions of Spices: why
some like it hot.” The Quarterly Review of Biology Vol. 73, No. 1
(Mar., 1998): pp. 3-49. Jester. (Cited 2012 July 30). Available from:
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/30366.
[11] M. Ha. Rasool, “Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against the
growth of Escherichia coli,” Journal of Pharmacy, volume 3, Issue 6, pp
01-06, 2013.
[12] N. M. A. Chaudhry, and P. Tariq, “Antimicrobial Activity of
Cinnamonum cassia against diverse microbial flora with its nutritional
and medicinal impacts,” Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol.38, no.1, 2006,
169-17, 2006.
[13] S. Prabuseenivasan, M. Jayakumar, and S. Ignacimuthu, “In vitro
antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils,” BMC Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2006, 6:39 doi, (2006), 1186/1472-6882-6-39,
this article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-
6882/6/39.
[14] V. O. Oyetayo, “Microbial load and antimicrobial property of two
Nigerian herbal remedies,” African Journal of Traditional,
Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 5, no.1, 74 – 78, 2008
[15] G. F. Gislene, Nascimento, J. Locatelli, P. C. Freitas, and G. L. Silva,
“Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic
resistant bacteria,” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 31, pp 247-
256, 2000.
[16] I, Gull, M. Saeed , H. Shaukat, S.M. Aslam , Z.Q., and Athar A.M.
“Inhibitory Effect of Allium Sativum and Zingiber officinale Extracts on
Clinically Important Drug Resistant Bacteria, “Annals of Clinical
Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 27 April 2012. Biomed Central.
(Cited 2012, July, 30). Available from: http://www.annclinmicrob.com.
ezproxy.drew.edu/content/pdf/1476-0711-11-8.pdf>.
[17] E. Menghani, C. K. Ojha, R. S. Negi, Y. Agarwal, and A. Pareek,
“Screening of Indian Medicinal Plants and their potentials as
Antimicrobial Agents, “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,
Volume 11, Issue 2, Version 1.0 March 2011. [18] M. I. Hayam, A. A. Abou-Arab and F. M. Abu Salem, “Antioxidant and
antimicrobial effects of some natural plant extracts added to lamb patties
during storage,” grasas y aceites, vol.62, no.2, 139-148, 2011.
[19] M. A.S. Ferial, and H. M. Ibrahim, “Antimicrobial Activity and
Phytochemicals Screening of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Root
Extracts and Latex,” International journal of Biological, Veterinary ,
Agricultural and Food Engineering, vol. 8 , no.5, 507-512, 2014.
[20] S. M. Al-Reza, A. Rahman, J. Lee, and S.C. Kang,, “ Potential roles of
essential oil and organic extracts of Zizy phus jujube in inhibiting foodborne
pathogens,” Food Chemistry, vol. 119, pp 981–986, 2010.
[21] S. Hawash, N. Kamal, F. Zaher, O. Kenawi, and G. El Diwani,
“Biodiesel fuel from Jatropha oil via non catalytic supercritical methanol
transesterification,” Fuel, 88, 579-582, 2009.
[22] S. Rachana, A. Tarun, R. Rinki, A. Neha, and R. Meghna, “Comparative
Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Jatropha curcas Fruit,” Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, vol. 15, no. 12, 1- 4, 2012.
[23] Y. Li, C. Xu, Q. Zhang, J. Y. Liu, and R. X. Tan, “In vitro anti-
Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat
ulcer diseases,” Journal of Ethno pharmacology, vol 98, 329-333, 2005.
[24] K. Chaieb, H. Hajlaoui, T. Zmantar, A. B. Kahla-Nakbi, M. Rouabhia,
K. Mahdouani and A. Bakhrouf., “The chemical composition and
biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata
(Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae)” A short review., Phytotheraby
Research vol. 21, 501-506, 2007.
[25] Y. J. Fu, Y. G. Zu, L. Y. Chen, X. G. Shi , Z. Wang , S. Sun and T.
Efferth “Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils
alone and in combination,” Phytotheraby Research vol. 21, 989- 994,
2007
[26] M. O'Hara, D. Kiefer, K. Farrell, and K. Kemper, “A review of 12
commonly used medicinal herbs, “Arch Fam Med, vol. 7, 523 -536,
1998
[27] S. P. Malu, G.O. Obochi, E. N. Tawo, and B. E. Nyong, “Antibacterial
activity and medicinal properties of ginger (Zingibre officinale),” Global
Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 15, 365-368, 2009
[28] A. D. Sebiomo, A. O. Awosanya, F.E. Awotona, and A. J. Ajayi,
“Comparative studies of antibacterial effect of some antibiotics and
ginger (Zingibre officinale) on two pathogenic bacteria, Journal of
Microbiology and Antimicrobial, vol.3, 18- 22, 2011
[29] H.S. Lee, and Y.J. Ahn, “Growth-Inhibiting effects of Cinnamomum
cassia bark-derived materials on human intestinal bacteria,” Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.46, 8-12, 1998
[30] F. Sáez, and E. Stahl-Biskup, Essential oil polymorphism in the genus
Thymus, In: Thyme: The Genus Thymus (Eds. E. Stahl-Biskup and F.
Sáez), 124-143, 2002 Taylor and Francis, London and New York
[31] H. Baydar, O, Sagdic, O. Gulcan, and T. karadogan ,“Antibacterial
activity and composition of essential oils from Origanum, Thymbra, an
Satureja species with commercial importance in Turkey,” Food Control
vol. 15,169-172,2004
[32] M. A. S. Ferial and M. I. Hayam, “Dry fermented buffalo sausage with
sage oil extract: Safety and quality,” GRASAS Y ACEITES, vol.61,
no.1, 76-87, 2010.
[33] A A. Khadri, M. Neffati, S. Smiti , P. Falé, A.R.L. Lino, M.L.M.
Serralheiro, and M.E.M. Araùjo, “Antioxidant, antiacetylcholine sterase
and antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng
(lemon grass) from Tunisia,” LWT– Journal of Food Science
Technology, vol. 43, 331-336,2010.
[34] F. Sahin, F., M. Gulluce, D. Daferera, A. Sokmen, M. Sokmen, M.
Polissiou, G. Agar, and H.Ozer, “Biological activities of the essential
oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare spp. vulgar in the
Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey,” Food Control , vol.15, 549-557,
2004
[35] S. Y. Daniyan, and H. B. Muhammad, "Evaluation of the antimicrobial
activities and phytochemical properties of extracts of Tamaridus indica
against some diseases causing bacteria" African Journal of
Biotechnology, vol. 7, no.14, pp. 2451-2453, 18 July, 2008.
[36] V. K. Bajpai, A. Rahman, A., and S. C. Kang, “Chemical composition
and inhibitory parameters of essential oil and extracts of Nandina
domestica Thunb. to control food-borne pathogenic and spoilage
bacteria,” International Journal of Food Microbiology, 125, 117–12,
2008.
[37] I. Bhattacharjee, S. K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, and G. Chandra,
“Antibacteria potentiality of Argemone mexicana solvent extracts
against some pathogenic bacteria. Mem◌ rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
vol.101, 645–648, 2006.
[38] B. Ji-Hyun, “Antimicrobial effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on
food-born pathogens,” Journal of food science and nutrition, vol. 9, 306–
311, 2004.
[39] A. Sher, “Antimicrobial activity of natural products from medicinal
plants,” Gomal Journal of Medical Science, vol. 7, 72-78, 2009.
[40] P. C. B. Turnbull, and J.M. Kramer, Bacillus. In: Barlows, A., Hausler
Jr., W. J., Herrmann, K.L., Isenberg, H.D., Shadomy, H.J. (Eds.),
Manuals of Clinical Microbiology, 5th ed. American Society of
Microbiology, Washington DC, pp. 345–355, 1991.
[41] P. Kumar, S. Chauhan, H. Padh, and M. Rajani, “Search for antibacterial
and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants,” Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, vol.107, 182-188, 2006.
[42] S. Calsamiglia, M. Busquet, P. W. Cardozo, L. Castillejos, and A.
Ferret, “Invited Review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial
fermentation,” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 90, 2580–2595, 2007.
[1] A. Lucera, C. Costa, A. Conte, and M. A. Del Nobile, “Food
applications of natural antimicrobial compounds,” Frontiers in
Microbiology, vol. 3, Article 287, 1 – 13, 2012
[2] V. Areekul, P. Jiapiyasakul, and A. Chandrapatya, “In vitro
Antimicrobial Screening of Selected Traditional Thai Plants,” Thai
Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.42, no.2, 81-89, 2009.
[3] G. J. E. Nychas, C. C. Tassou, and P. Skandamis, “Antimicrobials from
herbs and spices,” In S. M. Roller (Ed.), Natural antimicrobials for the
minimal processing of foods, (pp. 176–200), New York: wood head
Publishers, CRC Press, 2003.
[4] E. S. Al-Sheddi, “Pharmacognostical Study of Salvia merjamie Forsk
growing in Saudi Arabia, PhD thesis. King Saud University, 2009.
[5] R. M. Mariita, C. K. P. O. Ogal, N. O. Oguge, and P. O. Okemo,
“Methanol extract of three medicinal plants from Samburu in northern
Kenya show significant Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal
properties,” Research journal of medicinal plants, vol. 5, no. 1, 54-64,
2011.
[6] S. S. Thalwal, A. Gupta, Abhimanyu, N. Saini, S. K. Patel, and L.
Kapoor, “Antimicrobial activity of traditionally used herbs against
human pathogens,” International Journal of Biomedical Research, vol.4,
no. 6, 236-240, 2013.
[7] B. Mahesh, and S. Satish, “Antimicrobial activity of some important
medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens.” World Journal of
Agricultural Science, vol.4, pp 839-843, 2008.
[8] T. Selvamohan, V. Ramadas, and S. S. S. Kishore, “Antimicrobial
activity of selected medicinal plants against some selected human
pathogenic bacteria.” Advances in Applied Science Research, vol. 3,
no.5, pp 3374-3381, 2012.
[9] M. Škrinjar, and N.T. Nemet, “Antimicrobial effects of spices and herbs
essential oils,” Acta Periodica technologica, vol. 40, pp195-209, 2009.
Jatropha,
[10] J. Billing and P.W. Sherman, “Antimicrobial Functions of Spices: why
some like it hot.” The Quarterly Review of Biology Vol. 73, No. 1
(Mar., 1998): pp. 3-49. Jester. (Cited 2012 July 30). Available from:
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/30366.
[11] M. Ha. Rasool, “Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against the
growth of Escherichia coli,” Journal of Pharmacy, volume 3, Issue 6, pp
01-06, 2013.
[12] N. M. A. Chaudhry, and P. Tariq, “Antimicrobial Activity of
Cinnamonum cassia against diverse microbial flora with its nutritional
and medicinal impacts,” Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol.38, no.1, 2006,
169-17, 2006.
[13] S. Prabuseenivasan, M. Jayakumar, and S. Ignacimuthu, “In vitro
antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils,” BMC Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2006, 6:39 doi, (2006), 1186/1472-6882-6-39,
this article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-
6882/6/39.
[14] V. O. Oyetayo, “Microbial load and antimicrobial property of two
Nigerian herbal remedies,” African Journal of Traditional,
Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 5, no.1, 74 – 78, 2008
[15] G. F. Gislene, Nascimento, J. Locatelli, P. C. Freitas, and G. L. Silva,
“Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic
resistant bacteria,” Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 31, pp 247-
256, 2000.
[16] I, Gull, M. Saeed , H. Shaukat, S.M. Aslam , Z.Q., and Athar A.M.
“Inhibitory Effect of Allium Sativum and Zingiber officinale Extracts on
Clinically Important Drug Resistant Bacteria, “Annals of Clinical
Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 27 April 2012. Biomed Central.
(Cited 2012, July, 30). Available from: http://www.annclinmicrob.com.
ezproxy.drew.edu/content/pdf/1476-0711-11-8.pdf>.
[17] E. Menghani, C. K. Ojha, R. S. Negi, Y. Agarwal, and A. Pareek,
“Screening of Indian Medicinal Plants and their potentials as
Antimicrobial Agents, “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,
Volume 11, Issue 2, Version 1.0 March 2011. [18] M. I. Hayam, A. A. Abou-Arab and F. M. Abu Salem, “Antioxidant and
antimicrobial effects of some natural plant extracts added to lamb patties
during storage,” grasas y aceites, vol.62, no.2, 139-148, 2011.
[19] M. A.S. Ferial, and H. M. Ibrahim, “Antimicrobial Activity and
Phytochemicals Screening of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Root
Extracts and Latex,” International journal of Biological, Veterinary ,
Agricultural and Food Engineering, vol. 8 , no.5, 507-512, 2014.
[20] S. M. Al-Reza, A. Rahman, J. Lee, and S.C. Kang,, “ Potential roles of
essential oil and organic extracts of Zizy phus jujube in inhibiting foodborne
pathogens,” Food Chemistry, vol. 119, pp 981–986, 2010.
[21] S. Hawash, N. Kamal, F. Zaher, O. Kenawi, and G. El Diwani,
“Biodiesel fuel from Jatropha oil via non catalytic supercritical methanol
transesterification,” Fuel, 88, 579-582, 2009.
[22] S. Rachana, A. Tarun, R. Rinki, A. Neha, and R. Meghna, “Comparative
Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Jatropha curcas Fruit,” Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, vol. 15, no. 12, 1- 4, 2012.
[23] Y. Li, C. Xu, Q. Zhang, J. Y. Liu, and R. X. Tan, “In vitro anti-
Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat
ulcer diseases,” Journal of Ethno pharmacology, vol 98, 329-333, 2005.
[24] K. Chaieb, H. Hajlaoui, T. Zmantar, A. B. Kahla-Nakbi, M. Rouabhia,
K. Mahdouani and A. Bakhrouf., “The chemical composition and
biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata
(Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae)” A short review., Phytotheraby
Research vol. 21, 501-506, 2007.
[25] Y. J. Fu, Y. G. Zu, L. Y. Chen, X. G. Shi , Z. Wang , S. Sun and T.
Efferth “Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils
alone and in combination,” Phytotheraby Research vol. 21, 989- 994,
2007
[26] M. O'Hara, D. Kiefer, K. Farrell, and K. Kemper, “A review of 12
commonly used medicinal herbs, “Arch Fam Med, vol. 7, 523 -536,
1998
[27] S. P. Malu, G.O. Obochi, E. N. Tawo, and B. E. Nyong, “Antibacterial
activity and medicinal properties of ginger (Zingibre officinale),” Global
Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 15, 365-368, 2009
[28] A. D. Sebiomo, A. O. Awosanya, F.E. Awotona, and A. J. Ajayi,
“Comparative studies of antibacterial effect of some antibiotics and
ginger (Zingibre officinale) on two pathogenic bacteria, Journal of
Microbiology and Antimicrobial, vol.3, 18- 22, 2011
[29] H.S. Lee, and Y.J. Ahn, “Growth-Inhibiting effects of Cinnamomum
cassia bark-derived materials on human intestinal bacteria,” Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.46, 8-12, 1998
[30] F. Sáez, and E. Stahl-Biskup, Essential oil polymorphism in the genus
Thymus, In: Thyme: The Genus Thymus (Eds. E. Stahl-Biskup and F.
Sáez), 124-143, 2002 Taylor and Francis, London and New York
[31] H. Baydar, O, Sagdic, O. Gulcan, and T. karadogan ,“Antibacterial
activity and composition of essential oils from Origanum, Thymbra, an
Satureja species with commercial importance in Turkey,” Food Control
vol. 15,169-172,2004
[32] M. A. S. Ferial and M. I. Hayam, “Dry fermented buffalo sausage with
sage oil extract: Safety and quality,” GRASAS Y ACEITES, vol.61,
no.1, 76-87, 2010.
[33] A A. Khadri, M. Neffati, S. Smiti , P. Falé, A.R.L. Lino, M.L.M.
Serralheiro, and M.E.M. Araùjo, “Antioxidant, antiacetylcholine sterase
and antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng
(lemon grass) from Tunisia,” LWT– Journal of Food Science
Technology, vol. 43, 331-336,2010.
[34] F. Sahin, F., M. Gulluce, D. Daferera, A. Sokmen, M. Sokmen, M.
Polissiou, G. Agar, and H.Ozer, “Biological activities of the essential
oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare spp. vulgar in the
Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey,” Food Control , vol.15, 549-557,
2004
[35] S. Y. Daniyan, and H. B. Muhammad, "Evaluation of the antimicrobial
activities and phytochemical properties of extracts of Tamaridus indica
against some diseases causing bacteria" African Journal of
Biotechnology, vol. 7, no.14, pp. 2451-2453, 18 July, 2008.
[36] V. K. Bajpai, A. Rahman, A., and S. C. Kang, “Chemical composition
and inhibitory parameters of essential oil and extracts of Nandina
domestica Thunb. to control food-borne pathogenic and spoilage
bacteria,” International Journal of Food Microbiology, 125, 117–12,
2008.
[37] I. Bhattacharjee, S. K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, and G. Chandra,
“Antibacteria potentiality of Argemone mexicana solvent extracts
against some pathogenic bacteria. Mem◌ rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
vol.101, 645–648, 2006.
[38] B. Ji-Hyun, “Antimicrobial effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on
food-born pathogens,” Journal of food science and nutrition, vol. 9, 306–
311, 2004.
[39] A. Sher, “Antimicrobial activity of natural products from medicinal
plants,” Gomal Journal of Medical Science, vol. 7, 72-78, 2009.
[40] P. C. B. Turnbull, and J.M. Kramer, Bacillus. In: Barlows, A., Hausler
Jr., W. J., Herrmann, K.L., Isenberg, H.D., Shadomy, H.J. (Eds.),
Manuals of Clinical Microbiology, 5th ed. American Society of
Microbiology, Washington DC, pp. 345–355, 1991.
[41] P. Kumar, S. Chauhan, H. Padh, and M. Rajani, “Search for antibacterial
and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants,” Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, vol.107, 182-188, 2006.
[42] S. Calsamiglia, M. Busquet, P. W. Cardozo, L. Castillejos, and A.
Ferret, “Invited Review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial
fermentation,” Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 90, 2580–2595, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:70037", author = "Hayam M. Ibrahim and Ferial M. Abu-Salem", title = "Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts", abstract = "Medicinal plants are now gaining attractiveness in
treatment of bacterial infections and food preservation. The objective
of this study was to assess antibacterial activity of some medicinal
plants on pathogenic bacteria. Screening of antibacterial activity of
aqueous and methanol extracts of some plants: Jojoba, Ginger, Sage,
Thyme and Clove against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium,
Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli
were investigated. Antibacterial activity was performed by agar
diffusion and disc diffusion method. Jatropha, Jojoba, Clove and
Ginger extracts showed notable bacterial activity in the first
screening step then selected to be tested against Bacillus cereus
(Gram+), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) and Salmonella
typhimurium (Gram−) and their effect was compared using
antibiotics as control. Screening results showed potential antibacterial
activity of the tested plant extracts against the screened bacterial
strains. It was found that methanol extracts exhibited higher
antibacterial activity than aqueous extracts. Methanol extract of
Jatropha showed the highest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus
aureus (Gram+) with 24.00 mm diameter, compared to the other
plant extracts followed by clove. Meanwhile, the inhibition zones of
methanol extracts of Jojoba and Ginger were the same (12mm).The
Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive to aqueous
and methanol extracts than Gram-negative bacteria.", keywords = "Antibacterial activity, Food-borne pathogenic
bacteria, Medicinal plants, Plant extracts.", volume = "8", number = "10", pages = "1168-6", }
