5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Loaded Gel, Sponge Collagen to Enhance the Delivery Ability to Skin

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an alternative therapy for treating superficial cancer, especially for skin or oral cancer. ALA, a precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is present as zwitterions and hydrophilic property which make the low permeability through the cell membrane. Collagen is a traditional carrier; its molecular composed various amino acids which bear positive charge and negative charge. In order to utilize the ion-pairs with ALA and collagen, the study employed various pH values adjusting the net charge. The aim of this study was to compare a series collagen form, including solution, gel and sponge to investigate the topical delivery behavior of ALA. The in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study demonstrated that PpIX generation ability was different pattern after apply for 6 h. Gel type could generate high PpIX, and archived more deep of skin depth.




References:
[1] W. E. Grant, P. M. Speight, C. Hopper, S. G. Bown, "Photodynamic
therapy: an effective, but non-selective treatment for superficial cancers
of the oral cavity," Int. J. Cancer, vol. 71, pp. 937-942, Jun 1997.
[2] F. Cairnduff, M. R. Stringer, E. J. Hudson, D. V. Ash, S. B. Brown,
"Superficial photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid
for superficial primary and secondary skin cancer," Br. J. Cancer, vol. 69,
pp. 605-608, Mar 1994.
[3] B. W. Henderson, T. J. Dougherty, "How does photodynamic therapy
work?" Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 55, pp. 145-157, Jan 1992.
[4] R. M. Szeimies, C. A. Morton, A. Sidoroff, L. R. Braathen,
"Photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer," Acta Derm.
Venereol., vol. 85, pp. 483-490, May 2005.
[5] N. Fotinos, M. A. Campo, F. Popowycz, R. Gurny, N. Lange,
"5-Aminolevulinic acid derivatives in photomedicine: characteristics,
application and perspectives," Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 82, pp.
994-1015, Jul-Aug 2006.
[6] Q. Peng, K. Berg, J. Moan, M. Kongshaug, J. M. Nesland,
"5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy: principles and
experimental research," Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 65, pp. 235-251,
Feb 1997.
[7] A. Klein, P. Babilas, S. Karrer, M. Landthaler, R.M. Szeimies,
"Photodynamic therapy in dermatology - an update 2008," J. Dtsch.
Dermatol. Ges., vol. 6, pp. 839-845, Oct 2008.
[8] Y. P. Fang, Y. B. Huang, P. C. Wu, Y. H. Tsai, "Topical delivery of
5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated ethosomes in a hyperproliferative
skin animal model using the CLSM technique to evaluate the penetration
behavior," Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., vol. 73, pp. 391-398, Nov 2009.
[9] S. Pitaru, H. Tal, M. Soldinger, M. Noff, "Collagen membranes prevent
apical migration of epithelium and support new connective tissue
attachment during periodontal wound healing in dogs," J. Periodontal.
Res., vol. 24, pp. 247-253, Jul 1989.
[10] B. S. Black, M. E. Gher, J. B. Sandifer, S. E. Fucini, A. C. Richardson,
"Comparative study of collagen and expanded polytetrafuorethylene in
the treatment of class II furcation defects," J. Periodontol., vol. 65, pp.
598-604, Jun 1994.
[11] G. Goissis, E. Jr. Marcantonio, R.A. Marcant├┤nio, R. C. Lia, D.C.
Cancian, W.M. de Carvalho, "Biocompatibility studies of anionic
collagen membranes with different degree of glutaraldehyde
cross-linking," Biomaterials, vol. 20, pp. 27-34, Jan 1999.
[12] C. H. Yang, P. C. Wu, Y. B. Huang, Y. H. Tsai, "A new approach for
determining the stability of recombinant human epidermal growth factor
by thermal Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy," J.
Biomol. Struct. Dyn., vol. 22, pp. 101-110, Aug 2004.
[13] A. Casas, C. Perotti, M. Saccoliti, P. Sacca, H. Fukuda, A.M. Batlle,
"ALA and ALA hexyl ester in free and liposomal formulations for the
photosensitisation of tumour organ cultures," Br. J. Cancer, vol. 86, pp.
837-842, Mar 2002.
[14] A. F. Hürlimann, G. Hänggi, R.G. Panizzonl, "Photodynamic therapy of
superficial basal cell carcinomas using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid in a
nanocolloid lotion," Dermatology, vol. 197, pp. 248-254, 1998.
[15] N. Merclin, J. Bender, E. Sparr, R. H. Guy, H. Ehrsson, S. Engstrom,
"Transdermal delivery from a lipid sponge phaseÔÇöiontophoretic and
passive transport in vitro of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester," J.
Control. Release, vol. 100, pp. 191-198, Nov 2004.
[16] Y. P. Fang, Y. H. Tsai, P. C. Wu, Y. B. Huang, "Comparison of
5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated liposome versus ethosome for skin
delivery for photodynamic therapy," Int. J. Pharm., vol. 356, pp.
144-152, May 2008.
[17] M. C. Aalders, N. van der Vange, W. M. Star, H. J. Sterenborg, "A
mathematical evaluation of dose-dependent PpIX fluorescence kinetics in
vivo, " Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 74, pp. 311-317, Aug 2001.
[18] S. L. Gibbs, B. Chen, J. A. O-Hara, P. J. Hoopes, T. Hasan, B. W. Pogue,
"Protoporphyrin IX level correlates with number of mitochondria, but
increase in production correlates with tumor cell size," Photochem.
Photobiol., vol. 82, pp. 1334-1341, Sep-Oct 2006.