Abstract: Nowadays, Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is considered an efficient tool to represent and manage information of Cultural Heritage (CH). The basis of this tool relies on a 3D model generally obtained from a Cloud-to-BIM procedure. There are different methods to create an HBIM model that goes from manual modeling based on the point cloud to the automatic detection of shapes and the creation of objects. The selection of these methods depends on the desired Level of Development (LOD), Level of Information (LOI), Grade of Generation (GOG) as well as on the availability of commercial software. This paper presents the 3D modeling of a stone masonry chapel using Recap Pro, Revit and Dynamo interface following a three-step methodology. The first step consists of the manual modeling of simple structural (e.g., regular walls, columns, floors, wall openings, etc.) and architectural (e.g., cornices, moldings and other minor details) elements using the point cloud as reference. Then, Dynamo is used for generative modeling of complex structural elements such as vaults, infills and domes. Finally, semantic information (e.g., materials, typology, state of conservation, etc.) and pathologies are added within the HBIM model as text parameters and generic models’ families respectively. The application of this methodology allows the documentation of CH following a relatively simple to apply process that ensures adequate LOD, LOI and GOG levels. In addition, the easy implementation of the method as well as the fact of using only one BIM software with its respective plugin for the scan-to-BIM modeling process means that this methodology can be adopted by a larger number of users with intermediate knowledge and limited resources, since the BIM software used has a free student license.
Abstract: The article presents an ongoing work in research projects such as SCAN4RECO or ARCH, both funded by the European Commission under Horizon 2020 program. The former one concerns multimodal and multispectral scanning of Cultural Heritage assets for their digitization and conservation via spatiotemporal reconstruction and 3D printing, while the latter one aims to better preserve areas of cultural heritage from hazards and risks. It co-creates tools that would help pilot cities to save cultural heritage from the effects of climate change. It develops a disaster risk management framework for assessing and improving the resilience of historic areas to climate change and natural hazards. Tools and methodologies are designed for local authorities and practitioners, urban population, as well as national and international expert communities, aiding authorities in knowledge-aware decision making. In this article we focus on 3D modelling of object geometry using primarily photogrammetric methods to achieve very high model accuracy using consumer types of devices, attractive both to professions and hobbyists alike.
Abstract: The article presents results from the AF3 project “Advanced Forest Fire Fighting” focused on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)-based 3D surveillance and 3D area mapping using high-resolution photogrammetric methods from multispectral imaging, also taking advantage of the 3D scanning techniques from the SCAN4RECO project. We also present a proprietary embedded sensor system used for the detection of fire ignitions in the forest using near-infrared based scanner with weight and form factors allowing it to be easily deployed on standard commercial micro-UAVs, such as DJI Inspire or Mavic. Results from real-life pilot trials in Greece, Spain, and Israel demonstrated added-value in the use of UAS for precise and reliable detection of forest fires, as well as high-resolution 3D aerial modeling for accurate quantification of human resources and equipment required for firefighting.
Abstract: In geophysical exploration surveys, the quality of acquired data holds significant importance before executing the data processing and interpretation phases. In this study, 2D seismic reflection survey data of Fort Abbas area, Cholistan Desert, Pakistan was taken as test case in order to assess its quality on statistical bases by using normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Cronbach’s alpha test (α) and null hypothesis tests (t-test and F-test). The analysis challenged the quality of the acquired data and highlighted the significant errors in the acquired database. It is proven that the study area is plain, tectonically least affected and rich in oil and gas reserves. However, subsurface 3D modeling and contouring by using acquired database revealed high degrees of structural complexities and intense folding. The NRMSE had highest percentage of residuals between the estimated and predicted cases. The outcomes of hypothesis testing also proved the biasness and erraticness of the acquired database. Low estimated value of alpha (α) in Cronbach’s alpha test confirmed poor reliability of acquired database. A very low quality of acquired database needs excessive static correction or in some cases, reacquisition of data is also suggested which is most of the time not feasible on economic grounds. The outcomes of this study could be used to assess the quality of large databases and to further utilize as a guideline to establish database quality assessment models to make much more informed decisions in hydrocarbon exploration field.
Abstract: Accurate determination of rock mass deformation modulus, as an important design parameter, is one of the most controversial issues in most engineering projects. A 3D numerical model of standard plate load test (PLT) using the FLAC3D code was carried to investigate the mechanism governing the test process. Five objectives were the focus of this study. The first goal was to employ 3D modeling in the interpretation of PLT conducted at the Bazoft dam site, Iran. The second objective was to investigate the effect of displacements measuring depth from the loading plates on the calculated moduli. The magnitude of rock mass deformation modulus calculated from PLT depends on anchor depth, and in practice, this may be a cause of error in the selection of realistic deformation modulus for the rock mass. The third goal of the study was to investigate the effect of testing plate diameter on the calculated modulus. Moreover, a comparison of the calculated modulus from ISRM formula, numerical modeling and calculated modulus from the actual PLT carried out at right abutment of the Bazoft dam site was another objective of the study. Finally, the effect of plastic strains on the calculated moduli in each of the loading-unloading cycles for three loading plates was investigated. The geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions on the constructed 3D model were selected based on the in-situ conditions of PLT at Bazoft dam site. A good agreement was achieved between numerical model results and the field tests results.
Abstract: This paper describes a 3D modeling system in
Augmented Reality environment, named 3DARModeler. It can be
considered a simple version of 3D Studio Max with necessary
functions for a modeling system such as creating objects, applying
texture, adding animation, estimating real light sources and casting
shadows. The 3DARModeler introduces convenient, and effective
human-computer interaction to build 3D models by combining both
the traditional input method (mouse/keyboard) and the tangible input
method (markers). It has the ability to align a new virtual object with
the existing parts of a model. The 3DARModeler targets nontechnical
users. As such, they do not need much knowledge of
computer graphics and modeling techniques. All they have to do is
select basic objects, customize their attributes, and put them together
to build a 3D model in a simple and intuitive way as if they were
doing in the real world. Using the hierarchical modeling technique,
the users are able to group several basic objects to manage them as a
unified, complex object. The system can also connect with other 3D
systems by importing and exporting VRML/3Ds Max files. A
module of speech recognition is included in the system to provide
flexible user interfaces.
Abstract: In the present paper, the three-dimensional
temperature field of tool is determined during the machining and
compared with experimental work on C45 workpiece using carbide
cutting tool inserts. During the metal cutting operations, high
temperature is generated in the tool cutting edge which influence on
the rate of tool wear. Temperature is most important characteristic of
machining processes; since many parameters such as cutting speed,
surface quality and cutting forces depend on the temperature and high
temperatures can cause high mechanical stresses which lead to early
tool wear and reduce tool life. Therefore, considerable attention is
paid to determine tool temperatures. The experiments are carried out
for dry and orthogonal machining condition. The results show that
the increase of tool temperature depends on depth of cut and
especially cutting speed in high range of cutting conditions.
Abstract: Young patients suffering from Cerebral Palsy are
facing difficult choices concerning heavy surgeries. Diagnosis settled
by surgeons can be complex and on the other hand decision for
patient about getting or not such a surgery involves important
reflection effort. Proposed software combining prediction for
surgeries and post surgery kinematic values, and from 3D model
representing the patient is an innovative tool helpful for both patients
and medicine professionals. Beginning with analysis and
classification of kinematics values from Data Base extracted from
gait analysis in 3 separated clusters, it is possible to determine close
similarity between patients. Prediction surgery best adapted to
improve a patient gait is then determined by operating a suitable
preconditioned neural network. Finally, patient 3D modeling based
on kinematic values analysis, is animated thanks to post surgery
kinematic vectors characterizing the closest patient selected from
patients clustering.
Abstract: A complete CAD procedure to model a twisted-bladed
vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is presented with the aim of
determining some practical guidelines to be used for the generation
of an easily-meshable CAD geometry to be adopted as the basis of
both CFD and FEM numerical simulations.
Abstract: Protection and proper management of archaeological heritage are an essential process of studying and interpreting the generations present and future. Protecting the archaeological heritage is based upon multidiscipline professional collaboration. This study aims to gather data by different sources (Photogrammetry and Geographic Information System (GIS)) integrated for the purpose of documenting one the of significant archeological sites (Ahl-Alkahf, Jordan). 3D modeling deals with the actual image of the features, shapes and texture to represent reality as realistically as possible by using texture. The 3D coordinates that result of the photogrammetric adjustment procedures are used to create 3D-models of the study area. Adding Textures to the 3D-models surfaces gives a 'real world' appearance to the displayed models. GIS system combined all data, including boundary maps, indicating the location of archeological sites, transportation layer, digital elevation model and orthoimages. For realistic representation of the study area, 3D - GIS model prepared, where efficient generation, management and visualization of such special data can be achieved.
Abstract: The study of the generated defects on manufactured
parts shows the difficulty to maintain parts in their positions during
the machining process and to estimate them during the pre-process
plan. This work presents a contribution to the development of 3D
models for the optimization of the manufacturing tolerances. An
experimental study allows the measurement of the defects of part
positioning for the determination of ε and the choice of an optimal
setup of the part. An approach of 3D tolerance based on the small
displacements method permits the determination of the
manufacturing errors upstream. A developed tool, allows an
automatic generation of the tolerance intervals along the three axes.
Abstract: In the last two decades radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
has been considered a promising medical procedure for the treatment
of primary and secondary malignancies. However, the needle-based
electrodes so far developed for this kind of treatment are not suitable
for the thermal ablation of tumors located in hollow organs like
esophagus, colon or bile duct. In this work a tubular electrode
solution is presented. Numerical and experimental analyses were
performed to characterize the volume of the lesion induced. Results
show that this kind of electrode is a feasible solution and numerical
simulation might provide a tool for planning RFA procedure with
some accuracy.
Abstract: Radio-frequency identification has entered as a beneficial means with conforming GS1 standards to provide the best solutions in the manufacturing area. It competes with other automated identification technologies e.g. barcodes and smart cards with regard to high speed scanning, reliability and accuracy as well. The purpose of this study is to improve production line-s performance by implementing RFID system in the manufacturing area on the basis of radio-frequency identification (RFID) system by 3D modeling in the program Cinema 4D R13 which provides obvious graphical scenes for users to portray their applications. Finally, with regard to improving system performance, it shows how RFID appears as a well-suited technology in a comparison of the barcode scanner to handle different kinds of raw materials in the production line base on logical process.
Abstract: Realistic 3D face model is more precise in representing
pose, illumination, and expression of face than 2D face model so that it
can be utilized usefully in various applications such as face recognition,
games, avatars, animations, and etc.
In this paper, we propose a 3D face modeling method based on 3D
dense morphable shape model. The proposed 3D modeling method
first constructs a 3D dense morphable shape model from 3D face scan
data obtained using a 3D scanner. Next, the proposed method extracts
and matches facial landmarks from 2D image sequence containing a
face to be modeled, and then reconstructs 3D vertices coordinates of
the landmarks using a factorization-based SfM technique. Then, the
proposed method obtains a 3D dense shape model of the face to be
modeled by fitting the constructed 3D dense morphable shape model
into the reconstructed 3D vertices. Also, the proposed method makes a
cylindrical texture map using 2D face image sequence. Finally, the
proposed method generates a 3D face model by rendering the 3D dense
face shape model using the cylindrical texture map. Through building
processes of 3D face model by the proposed method, it is shown that
the proposed method is relatively easy, fast and precise.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a geometric modeling of
illumination on the patterned image containing etching transistor. This
image is captured by a commercial camera during the inspection of
a TFT-LCD panel. Inspection of defect is an important process in the
production of LCD panel, but the regional difference in brightness,
which has a negative effect on the inspection, is due to the uneven
illumination environment. In order to solve this problem, we present
a geometric modeling of illumination consisting of an interpolation
using the least squares method and 3D modeling using bezier surface.
Our computational time, by using the sampling method, is shorter
than the previous methods. Moreover, it can be further used to correct
brightness in every patterned image.
Abstract: This paper presented the potential of smart phone to
provide support on mapping the indoor asset. The advantage of using
the smart phone to generate the indoor map is that it has the ability to
capture, store and reproduces still or video images; indeed most of us
do have this powerful gadget. The captured images usually used by
maintenance team to save a record for future reference. Here, these
images are used to generate 3D models of an object precisely and
accurately for efficient and effective solution in data gathering. Thus,
it could be a resource for an informative database in asset
management.