Well-Being of Lagos Urban Mini-Bus Drivers: The Influence of Age and Marital Status
Lagos urban mini bus drivers play a critical role in the
transportation sector. The current major mode of transportation
within Lagos metropolis remains road transportation and this
confirms the relevance of urban mini-bus drivers in transporting the
populace to their various destinations. Other modes of transportation
such as the train and waterways are currently inadequate. Various
threats to the well-being of urban bus drivers include congested
traffic typical of modern day lifestyles, dwindling financial returns
due to long hours in traffic, fewer hours of sleep, inadequate diet,
time pressure, and assaults related to fare disputes. Several healthrelated
problems have been documented to be associated with urban
bus driving. For instance, greater rates of hypertension, obesity and
cholesterol level have been reported. Research studies are yet to
identify the influence of age and marital status on the well-being of
urban mini-bus drivers in Lagos metropolis. A study of this nature is
necessary as it is culturally perceived in Nigeria that older and
married people are especially influenced by family affiliation and
would behave in ways that would project positive outcomes. The
study sample consisted of 150 urban mini-bus drivers who were
conveniently sampled from six (6) different terminuses where their
journey begins and terminates. The well-being questionnaire was
administered to participants. The criteria for inclusion in the study
included the ability to read in English language and the confirmation
that interested participants were on duty and suited to be driving
mini-buses. Due to the nature of the job of bus driving, the researcher
administered the questionnaires on participants who were free and
willing to respond to the survey. All participants were males of
various age groups and of different marital statuses. Results of
analyses conducted revealed no significant influence of age and
marital status on the well-being of urban mini-bus drivers. This
indicates that the well-being of urban mini bus drivers is not
influenced by age or marital status. The findings of this study have
cultural implications. It negates the popularly held belief that older
and married people care more about their well-being than younger
and single people. It brings to fore the need to also identify and
consider other factors when certifying people for the job of urban bus
driving.
[1] P. D. Wang & R. S. Lin, “Coronary heart disease risk factors in urban
bus drivers,” Public Health, vol. 115, pp. 261-264, 2001.
[2] K, Vedantham, A. Brunet, R. Boyer, D. S., Weiss., T. J. Metzler, & C.
R. Marmar, “Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma exposure and the
current health of Canadian bus drivers,” Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, vol. 46, pp. 149-155, 2001.
[3] N. Maciulyte, “Bus drivers’ health and conditions of work,” Symposium
conducted at the European Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and
the Environment, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2000.
[4] B. M. Depaulo, “Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatised
and ignored and still live happily ever after,” New York, NY: St.
Martins, 2006.
[5] W. I. Morris, S. Sinclair, & B. M. DePaulo, “No Shelter for singles: The
perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination,” Group Processes
and Intergroup Relations, vol. 10, pp. 457-470, 2007.
[6] W. L. Morris, B. M. Depaulo, J. Hertel, & L. C. Taylor, “Singlism,-
Another problem that has no name: Prejudice, stereotypes and
discrimination against singles,” In T. G. Morrison and M. A. Morrison
(Eds.), The Psychology of Modern prejudice pp. 165-194, Hauppage,
NY: Nova Science, 2008.
[7] B. S. Frey & A. Stutzer, “Happiness and economics,” Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 2002.
[8] F. M. Andrews & S. B. Withey “Social indicators of well-being,” New
York: Plenum Press, 1976.
[9] A. A. Assunçãol & A. M. Medeiros, “Violence against metropolitan
drivers and fare collectors in Brazil,” Rev. Saúda Públicas, vol. 49, no.
11, pp. 1-10, 2015.
[10] R. G. Watt, A. Heilmann, W. Sabbah, T. Newton, T. Chandola, J. Aida,
A. Sheiham, M Marmot, I. Kawachi, & G, Tsakos, “Social relationships
and health related behaviours among older US adults,” BMC Public
Health, vol. 14, pp. 533-533, 2014.
[11] S. M. Nesbit, J. C. Conger, & A. J. Conger, “A quantitative review of
the relationship between anger and aggressive driving,” Aggression and
Violent Behaviour, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 156-176, 2007.
[12] World Bank, “Cities Alliance for cities without slum. Action plan for
moving slum upgrading to scale,” World Bank, 2006.
[13] R. Atkins, “Self-efficacy and the promotion of health for depressed
single mothers, Mental Health in Family Medicine,” vol. 7, no. 3, pp.
155-168, 2010.
[14] M. Seligman, “Flourish,” New York: Free Press, 2011.
[15] C. Robinson, & C. Burnett, “Truck drivers and heart disease in the
United States, 1979–1990,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine,
vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 113 –119, 2005.
[16] R. R. Knipling, J. S. Hichman, & G. Bergoffen, “Effective commercial
and bus safety management,” Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309087546 on 09/09/2015, 2003.
[17] R. E., Lucas, A. E. Clark,Y. Georgellis & E. Diener, “Unemployment
alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science,” vol. 15,
pp. 8-13, 2004
[18] J. R. Edwards, D. M. Cable, L. O. Williamson, E. S. Lambert, & A. J;
Shipp, “The phenomenology of fit linking the person and environment to
the subjective experience of person-environment fit,” Journal of Applied
Psychology, vol. 91, no. 4, 802-827, 2006.
[19] D. R. Ragland, M. A. Winkleby, J. Schwaalbe, B. L. Holman, L. Morse,
S. L. Syme, & J. M. Fisher, “Prevalence of Hypertension in bus drivers.
International Journal of Epidemiology,” vol. 16, no. 2, 208-214, 1987.
[20] B. A. Greiner, N. Krause, D. R. Ragland & J. M. Fisher, “Occupational
stressors and hypertension: A multi-method study using observer-based
job analysis and self-reports in urban transit operator,” Social Science
and Medicine,” vol. 59, no. 5, 1081-1094, 2004.
[21] F. Tuchsen, H. Hannerz, C. Roepstorff, & N. Krause, “Stroke among
male professional drivers in Denmark,” Occupational Environmental
Medicine, vol. 25, pp. 456-460, 2006.
[22] H. Soll-Johanning, E. Bach, J. H. Olsen, & F. Tuchsen, “Cancer
incidence in urban bus drivers and tramway employees: A retrospective
cohort study,” Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 55, pp.
594-598, 1998.
[23] D. Michaels, & S. R. Zoloth, “Mortality among urban bus drivers,”
International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 20, pp. 399-404, 1991.
[24] O. E. Amoran, A. A. Salako & O. Jeminusi, “Screening for common
occupational health diseases among long distance professional drivers in
Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria,” International Journal of Preventive
Medicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 516-521, 2014.
[25] A. O. Akinpelu, O. O. Oyewole, A., A. C. Odole, & R. O. Olukoya,
“Muskuloskeletal pain and health seeking behaviour among
occupational drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria,” African Journal of Biomedical
Research, vol. 14, pp. 89-94, 2011.
[26] N. Brossoie, “Social gerontology,” In N. Robnett and W. Chop (Eds.).
Gerontology for the health care professionals (2nd). Sudbury, MA:
Jones and Bartlett. Retrieved from the internet
ampes.jbpub.com/9780763756055/56055_ch02_chop.pdf, 2009
[27] B. I. Malomo, “Development of psychological test for the selection of
automobile drivers in commercial banks: a content-oriented approach,”
African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, vol. 13,
no. 1&2, pp. 104-120, 2010.
[28] B. M. Depaulo, "Singled out: how singles are stereotyped, stigmatised
and ignored and still live happily ever after,” New York, NY: St.
Martins, 2006.
[29] W. I. Morris, S. Sinclair, & B. M. DePaulo, “No shelter for singles: the
perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination,” Group Processes
and Intergroup Relations, vol. 10, no. pp. 457-470, 2007.
[30] W. L. Morris, B. M. Depaulo, J. Hertel, & L. C. Taylor, “Singlism,-
another problem that has no name: prejudice, stereotypes and
discrimination against singles,” In T. G. Morrison and M. A. Morrison
(Eds.), The Psychology of Modern prejudice (165-194). Hauppage, NY:
Nova Science.
[31] J. M. Ivancevich, R. Konopaske & M. T. Matteson, “Individual
differences in work behaviour,” McGraw Hill, 2005.
[32] O. Akoni, “Registration: 21m Lagos Residents to get ID,” Vanguard
Newspaper, September 24, 2013.
[33] C. Bradley, “The well-being questionnaire in diabetes: A guide to
psychological Measurement,” Switzerland: Hardwood Academic
Publishers, 1994 [34] D. S. Gochman, “Handbook of health behaviour research 11: provider
determinants,” Plenum Press, New York, 1997.
[35] World Bank, “Cities Alliance for cities without slum. Action plan for
moving slum upgrading to scale,” World Bank, 2006.
[36] R. Atkins, “Self-efficacy and the promotion of health for depressed
single mothers,” Mental Health in Family Medicine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp.
155-168, 2010.
[37] A. O. Atubi, “A synopsis of number/types of vehicles involved in road
accidents in Lagos Sate, Nigeria,” International Journal of Humanities
and Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 24, [Special Issue], 2012.
[38] C. Robinson, & C. Burnett, “Truck drivers and heart disease in the
United States, 1979–1990,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine,
vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 113–119, 2005.
[39] R. R. Knipling, J. S. Hichman, & G. Bergoffen, “Effective commercial
and bus safety management,” Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309087546, 2003.
[40] E. F. Ehikhamenor, & H. O. Obianwuho. “Digital screening for blood
alcohol concentration (BAC) in a Southern Nigeria city,” Traffic Injury
Prevention, vol. 7, pp. 70-75, 2006.
[1] P. D. Wang & R. S. Lin, “Coronary heart disease risk factors in urban
bus drivers,” Public Health, vol. 115, pp. 261-264, 2001.
[2] K, Vedantham, A. Brunet, R. Boyer, D. S., Weiss., T. J. Metzler, & C.
R. Marmar, “Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma exposure and the
current health of Canadian bus drivers,” Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, vol. 46, pp. 149-155, 2001.
[3] N. Maciulyte, “Bus drivers’ health and conditions of work,” Symposium
conducted at the European Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and
the Environment, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2000.
[4] B. M. Depaulo, “Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatised
and ignored and still live happily ever after,” New York, NY: St.
Martins, 2006.
[5] W. I. Morris, S. Sinclair, & B. M. DePaulo, “No Shelter for singles: The
perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination,” Group Processes
and Intergroup Relations, vol. 10, pp. 457-470, 2007.
[6] W. L. Morris, B. M. Depaulo, J. Hertel, & L. C. Taylor, “Singlism,-
Another problem that has no name: Prejudice, stereotypes and
discrimination against singles,” In T. G. Morrison and M. A. Morrison
(Eds.), The Psychology of Modern prejudice pp. 165-194, Hauppage,
NY: Nova Science, 2008.
[7] B. S. Frey & A. Stutzer, “Happiness and economics,” Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 2002.
[8] F. M. Andrews & S. B. Withey “Social indicators of well-being,” New
York: Plenum Press, 1976.
[9] A. A. Assunçãol & A. M. Medeiros, “Violence against metropolitan
drivers and fare collectors in Brazil,” Rev. Saúda Públicas, vol. 49, no.
11, pp. 1-10, 2015.
[10] R. G. Watt, A. Heilmann, W. Sabbah, T. Newton, T. Chandola, J. Aida,
A. Sheiham, M Marmot, I. Kawachi, & G, Tsakos, “Social relationships
and health related behaviours among older US adults,” BMC Public
Health, vol. 14, pp. 533-533, 2014.
[11] S. M. Nesbit, J. C. Conger, & A. J. Conger, “A quantitative review of
the relationship between anger and aggressive driving,” Aggression and
Violent Behaviour, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 156-176, 2007.
[12] World Bank, “Cities Alliance for cities without slum. Action plan for
moving slum upgrading to scale,” World Bank, 2006.
[13] R. Atkins, “Self-efficacy and the promotion of health for depressed
single mothers, Mental Health in Family Medicine,” vol. 7, no. 3, pp.
155-168, 2010.
[14] M. Seligman, “Flourish,” New York: Free Press, 2011.
[15] C. Robinson, & C. Burnett, “Truck drivers and heart disease in the
United States, 1979–1990,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine,
vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 113 –119, 2005.
[16] R. R. Knipling, J. S. Hichman, & G. Bergoffen, “Effective commercial
and bus safety management,” Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309087546 on 09/09/2015, 2003.
[17] R. E., Lucas, A. E. Clark,Y. Georgellis & E. Diener, “Unemployment
alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science,” vol. 15,
pp. 8-13, 2004
[18] J. R. Edwards, D. M. Cable, L. O. Williamson, E. S. Lambert, & A. J;
Shipp, “The phenomenology of fit linking the person and environment to
the subjective experience of person-environment fit,” Journal of Applied
Psychology, vol. 91, no. 4, 802-827, 2006.
[19] D. R. Ragland, M. A. Winkleby, J. Schwaalbe, B. L. Holman, L. Morse,
S. L. Syme, & J. M. Fisher, “Prevalence of Hypertension in bus drivers.
International Journal of Epidemiology,” vol. 16, no. 2, 208-214, 1987.
[20] B. A. Greiner, N. Krause, D. R. Ragland & J. M. Fisher, “Occupational
stressors and hypertension: A multi-method study using observer-based
job analysis and self-reports in urban transit operator,” Social Science
and Medicine,” vol. 59, no. 5, 1081-1094, 2004.
[21] F. Tuchsen, H. Hannerz, C. Roepstorff, & N. Krause, “Stroke among
male professional drivers in Denmark,” Occupational Environmental
Medicine, vol. 25, pp. 456-460, 2006.
[22] H. Soll-Johanning, E. Bach, J. H. Olsen, & F. Tuchsen, “Cancer
incidence in urban bus drivers and tramway employees: A retrospective
cohort study,” Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 55, pp.
594-598, 1998.
[23] D. Michaels, & S. R. Zoloth, “Mortality among urban bus drivers,”
International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 20, pp. 399-404, 1991.
[24] O. E. Amoran, A. A. Salako & O. Jeminusi, “Screening for common
occupational health diseases among long distance professional drivers in
Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria,” International Journal of Preventive
Medicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 516-521, 2014.
[25] A. O. Akinpelu, O. O. Oyewole, A., A. C. Odole, & R. O. Olukoya,
“Muskuloskeletal pain and health seeking behaviour among
occupational drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria,” African Journal of Biomedical
Research, vol. 14, pp. 89-94, 2011.
[26] N. Brossoie, “Social gerontology,” In N. Robnett and W. Chop (Eds.).
Gerontology for the health care professionals (2nd). Sudbury, MA:
Jones and Bartlett. Retrieved from the internet
ampes.jbpub.com/9780763756055/56055_ch02_chop.pdf, 2009
[27] B. I. Malomo, “Development of psychological test for the selection of
automobile drivers in commercial banks: a content-oriented approach,”
African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, vol. 13,
no. 1&2, pp. 104-120, 2010.
[28] B. M. Depaulo, "Singled out: how singles are stereotyped, stigmatised
and ignored and still live happily ever after,” New York, NY: St.
Martins, 2006.
[29] W. I. Morris, S. Sinclair, & B. M. DePaulo, “No shelter for singles: the
perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination,” Group Processes
and Intergroup Relations, vol. 10, no. pp. 457-470, 2007.
[30] W. L. Morris, B. M. Depaulo, J. Hertel, & L. C. Taylor, “Singlism,-
another problem that has no name: prejudice, stereotypes and
discrimination against singles,” In T. G. Morrison and M. A. Morrison
(Eds.), The Psychology of Modern prejudice (165-194). Hauppage, NY:
Nova Science.
[31] J. M. Ivancevich, R. Konopaske & M. T. Matteson, “Individual
differences in work behaviour,” McGraw Hill, 2005.
[32] O. Akoni, “Registration: 21m Lagos Residents to get ID,” Vanguard
Newspaper, September 24, 2013.
[33] C. Bradley, “The well-being questionnaire in diabetes: A guide to
psychological Measurement,” Switzerland: Hardwood Academic
Publishers, 1994 [34] D. S. Gochman, “Handbook of health behaviour research 11: provider
determinants,” Plenum Press, New York, 1997.
[35] World Bank, “Cities Alliance for cities without slum. Action plan for
moving slum upgrading to scale,” World Bank, 2006.
[36] R. Atkins, “Self-efficacy and the promotion of health for depressed
single mothers,” Mental Health in Family Medicine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp.
155-168, 2010.
[37] A. O. Atubi, “A synopsis of number/types of vehicles involved in road
accidents in Lagos Sate, Nigeria,” International Journal of Humanities
and Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 24, [Special Issue], 2012.
[38] C. Robinson, & C. Burnett, “Truck drivers and heart disease in the
United States, 1979–1990,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine,
vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 113–119, 2005.
[39] R. R. Knipling, J. S. Hichman, & G. Bergoffen, “Effective commercial
and bus safety management,” Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309087546, 2003.
[40] E. F. Ehikhamenor, & H. O. Obianwuho. “Digital screening for blood
alcohol concentration (BAC) in a Southern Nigeria city,” Traffic Injury
Prevention, vol. 7, pp. 70-75, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:71450", author = "Bolajoko I. Malomo and Maryam O. Yusuf", title = "Well-Being of Lagos Urban Mini-Bus Drivers: The Influence of Age and Marital Status", abstract = "Lagos urban mini bus drivers play a critical role in the
transportation sector. The current major mode of transportation
within Lagos metropolis remains road transportation and this
confirms the relevance of urban mini-bus drivers in transporting the
populace to their various destinations. Other modes of transportation
such as the train and waterways are currently inadequate. Various
threats to the well-being of urban bus drivers include congested
traffic typical of modern day lifestyles, dwindling financial returns
due to long hours in traffic, fewer hours of sleep, inadequate diet,
time pressure, and assaults related to fare disputes. Several healthrelated
problems have been documented to be associated with urban
bus driving. For instance, greater rates of hypertension, obesity and
cholesterol level have been reported. Research studies are yet to
identify the influence of age and marital status on the well-being of
urban mini-bus drivers in Lagos metropolis. A study of this nature is
necessary as it is culturally perceived in Nigeria that older and
married people are especially influenced by family affiliation and
would behave in ways that would project positive outcomes. The
study sample consisted of 150 urban mini-bus drivers who were
conveniently sampled from six (6) different terminuses where their
journey begins and terminates. The well-being questionnaire was
administered to participants. The criteria for inclusion in the study
included the ability to read in English language and the confirmation
that interested participants were on duty and suited to be driving
mini-buses. Due to the nature of the job of bus driving, the researcher
administered the questionnaires on participants who were free and
willing to respond to the survey. All participants were males of
various age groups and of different marital statuses. Results of
analyses conducted revealed no significant influence of age and
marital status on the well-being of urban mini-bus drivers. This
indicates that the well-being of urban mini bus drivers is not
influenced by age or marital status. The findings of this study have
cultural implications. It negates the popularly held belief that older
and married people care more about their well-being than younger
and single people. It brings to fore the need to also identify and
consider other factors when certifying people for the job of urban bus
driving.", keywords = "Age, Lagos metropolis, marital status, well-being of
urban mini bus drivers.", volume = "9", number = "11", pages = "3928-6", }
