Waste-Based Surface Modification to Enhance Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Bronze Alloy
Aluminium bronze alloys are well known for their superior abrasion, tensile strength and non-magnetic properties, due to the co-presence of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) as alloying elements and have been commonly used in many industrial applications. However, continuous exposure to the marine environment will accelerate the risk of a tendency to Al bronze alloys parts failures. Although a higher level of corrosion resistance properties can be achieved by modifying its elemental composition, it will come at a price through the complex manufacturing process and increases the risk of reducing the ductility of Al bronze alloy. In this research, the use of ironmaking slag and waste plastic as the input source for surface modification of Al bronze alloy was implemented. Microstructural analysis conducted using polarised light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that is equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). An electrochemical corrosion test was carried out through Tafel polarisation method and calculation of protection efficiency against the base-material was determined. Results have indicated that uniform modified surface which is as the result of selective diffusion process, has enhanced corrosion resistance properties up to 12.67%. This approach has opened a new opportunity to access various industrial utilisations in commercial scale through minimising the dependency on natural resources by transforming waste sources into the protective coating in environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways.
[1] H. Krogstad and R. Johnsen. Corrosion properties of nickel-aluminium bronze in natural seawater—Effect of galvanic coupling to UNS S31603. Corrosion Science, 121, 2017, pp.43-56.
[2] W. Zhai, W. Lu, P. Zhang, M. Zhou, X. Liu and L. Zhou. Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of nickel-aluminium bronze alloys developed via gas-atomization and spark plasma sintering. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 707, 2017, pp.325-336.
[3] S. Neodo, D. Carugo, J. Wharton and K. Stokes, K. Electrochemical behaviour of nickel–aluminium bronze in chloride media: Influence of pH and benzotriazole. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 695, 2013, pp.38-46.
[4] A. Jahanafrooz, F. Hasan, G. Lorimer and N. Ridley. Microstructural development in complex nickel-aluminum bronzes. Metallurgical Transactions A, 14(10), 1983, pp.1951-1956.
[5] M. S. Rizi and A. H. Kokabi. Microstructure evolution and microhardness of friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214(8), 2014, pp.1524-1529.
[6] M. Heydarzadeh Sohi, S. Hojjatzadeh, A. Khodayar and A. Amadeh. Liquid phase surface alloying of a nickel aluminum bronze alloy with titanium. Surface and Coatings Technology, 325, 2017, pp.617-626.
[7] H. Assadi, H. Kreye, F. Gärtner and T. Klassen. Cold spraying – A materials perspective. Acta Materialia, 116, 2016, pp.382-407.
[8] J. Wang, X. Huang, L. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Yan, N. Zhao, D. Cui and Z. Feng. Kinetics study on the leaching of rare earth and aluminum from FCC catalyst waste slag using hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy, 171, 2017, pp.312-319.
[9] N. J. Themelis, M. J. Castaldi, J. Bhatti, L. Arsova Energy and economic value of non-recycled plastics (NRP) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) that are currently landfilled in the fifty states Columbia University Earth Engineering Center, New York (2011).
[10] S. Anuar Sharuddin, F. Abnisa, W. Wan Daud and M. Aroua, M. Energy recovery from pyrolysis of plastic waste: Study on non-recycled plastics (NRP) data as the real measure of plastic waste. Energy Conversion and Management, 148, 2017, pp.925-934.
[11] P. Jain. Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Nickel Aluminium Bronze (Cu-10Al-5Ni-5Fe). IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 4(6), 2013, pp.16-21.
[12] C. Zhang, P. Li and B. Cao. Decarboxylation crosslinking of polyimides with high CO2/CH4 separation performance and plasticization resistance. Journal of Membrane Science, 528, 2017, pp.206-216.
[13] V. Beura, V. Xavier, T. Venkateswaran and K. Kulkarni. Interdiffusion and microstructure evolution during brazing of austenitic martensitic stainless steel and aluminum-bronze with Ag-Cu-Zn based brazing filler material. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 740, 2018, pp.852-862.
[14] J. Basumatary and R. J. K. Wood. Different methods of measuring synergy between cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze in 3.5% NaCl solution. Tribology International. (2017).
[15] C. Wang, C. Jiang, Z. Chai, M. Chen, L. Wang and V. Ji. Estimation of microstructure and corrosion properties of peened nickel aluminum bronze. Surface and Coatings Technology, 313, 2017, pp.136-142.
[16] W. Handoko, F. Pahlevani and V. Sahajwalla. The Effect of Low-Quantity Cr Addition on the Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel. Metals, 8(4), 2018, pp. 199.
[17] F. Yang, H. Kang, E. Guo, R. Li, Z. Chen, Y. Zeng and T. Wang. The role of nickel in mechanical performance and corrosion behaviour of nickel-aluminium bronze in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Corrosion Science, 139, 2018, pp.333-345.
[18] M. Stern and A. L. Geary. Electrochemical polarization I. A theoretical analysis of the shape of polarization curves. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 104, 1957, pp. 55-63.
[19] J. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, A. Modern Electrochemistry. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000).
[20] Z. Qin, Q. Zhang, Q. Luo, Z. Wu, B. Shen, L. Liu and W. Hu. Microstructure design to improve the corrosion and cavitation corrosion resistance of a nickel-aluminum bronze. Corrosion Science, 139, 2018, pp.255-266.
[21] Y. Su, G. Liu, D. Wu and Z. Liu. The research of corrosion resistance of aluminum-bronze surfacing layer. 2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, (2012).
[22] W. Handoko, F. Pahlevani and V. Sahajwalla. Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel—Microstructure Influence. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 1(2), 21, 2017.
[23] S. Thapliyal and D. K. Dwivedi. On cavitation erosion behavior of friction stir processed surface of cast nickel aluminium bronze. Wear, 2017, 376-377, pp.1030-1042.
[1] H. Krogstad and R. Johnsen. Corrosion properties of nickel-aluminium bronze in natural seawater—Effect of galvanic coupling to UNS S31603. Corrosion Science, 121, 2017, pp.43-56.
[2] W. Zhai, W. Lu, P. Zhang, M. Zhou, X. Liu and L. Zhou. Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of nickel-aluminium bronze alloys developed via gas-atomization and spark plasma sintering. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 707, 2017, pp.325-336.
[3] S. Neodo, D. Carugo, J. Wharton and K. Stokes, K. Electrochemical behaviour of nickel–aluminium bronze in chloride media: Influence of pH and benzotriazole. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 695, 2013, pp.38-46.
[4] A. Jahanafrooz, F. Hasan, G. Lorimer and N. Ridley. Microstructural development in complex nickel-aluminum bronzes. Metallurgical Transactions A, 14(10), 1983, pp.1951-1956.
[5] M. S. Rizi and A. H. Kokabi. Microstructure evolution and microhardness of friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214(8), 2014, pp.1524-1529.
[6] M. Heydarzadeh Sohi, S. Hojjatzadeh, A. Khodayar and A. Amadeh. Liquid phase surface alloying of a nickel aluminum bronze alloy with titanium. Surface and Coatings Technology, 325, 2017, pp.617-626.
[7] H. Assadi, H. Kreye, F. Gärtner and T. Klassen. Cold spraying – A materials perspective. Acta Materialia, 116, 2016, pp.382-407.
[8] J. Wang, X. Huang, L. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Yan, N. Zhao, D. Cui and Z. Feng. Kinetics study on the leaching of rare earth and aluminum from FCC catalyst waste slag using hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy, 171, 2017, pp.312-319.
[9] N. J. Themelis, M. J. Castaldi, J. Bhatti, L. Arsova Energy and economic value of non-recycled plastics (NRP) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) that are currently landfilled in the fifty states Columbia University Earth Engineering Center, New York (2011).
[10] S. Anuar Sharuddin, F. Abnisa, W. Wan Daud and M. Aroua, M. Energy recovery from pyrolysis of plastic waste: Study on non-recycled plastics (NRP) data as the real measure of plastic waste. Energy Conversion and Management, 148, 2017, pp.925-934.
[11] P. Jain. Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Nickel Aluminium Bronze (Cu-10Al-5Ni-5Fe). IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 4(6), 2013, pp.16-21.
[12] C. Zhang, P. Li and B. Cao. Decarboxylation crosslinking of polyimides with high CO2/CH4 separation performance and plasticization resistance. Journal of Membrane Science, 528, 2017, pp.206-216.
[13] V. Beura, V. Xavier, T. Venkateswaran and K. Kulkarni. Interdiffusion and microstructure evolution during brazing of austenitic martensitic stainless steel and aluminum-bronze with Ag-Cu-Zn based brazing filler material. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 740, 2018, pp.852-862.
[14] J. Basumatary and R. J. K. Wood. Different methods of measuring synergy between cavitation erosion and corrosion for nickel aluminium bronze in 3.5% NaCl solution. Tribology International. (2017).
[15] C. Wang, C. Jiang, Z. Chai, M. Chen, L. Wang and V. Ji. Estimation of microstructure and corrosion properties of peened nickel aluminum bronze. Surface and Coatings Technology, 313, 2017, pp.136-142.
[16] W. Handoko, F. Pahlevani and V. Sahajwalla. The Effect of Low-Quantity Cr Addition on the Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel. Metals, 8(4), 2018, pp. 199.
[17] F. Yang, H. Kang, E. Guo, R. Li, Z. Chen, Y. Zeng and T. Wang. The role of nickel in mechanical performance and corrosion behaviour of nickel-aluminium bronze in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Corrosion Science, 139, 2018, pp.333-345.
[18] M. Stern and A. L. Geary. Electrochemical polarization I. A theoretical analysis of the shape of polarization curves. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 104, 1957, pp. 55-63.
[19] J. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, A. Modern Electrochemistry. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000).
[20] Z. Qin, Q. Zhang, Q. Luo, Z. Wu, B. Shen, L. Liu and W. Hu. Microstructure design to improve the corrosion and cavitation corrosion resistance of a nickel-aluminum bronze. Corrosion Science, 139, 2018, pp.255-266.
[21] Y. Su, G. Liu, D. Wu and Z. Liu. The research of corrosion resistance of aluminum-bronze surfacing layer. 2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, (2012).
[22] W. Handoko, F. Pahlevani and V. Sahajwalla. Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel—Microstructure Influence. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 1(2), 21, 2017.
[23] S. Thapliyal and D. K. Dwivedi. On cavitation erosion behavior of friction stir processed surface of cast nickel aluminium bronze. Wear, 2017, 376-377, pp.1030-1042.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:78291", author = "Wilson Handoko and Farshid Pahlevani and Isha Singla and Himanish Kumar and Veena Sahajwalla", title = "Waste-Based Surface Modification to Enhance Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Bronze Alloy", abstract = "Aluminium bronze alloys are well known for their superior abrasion, tensile strength and non-magnetic properties, due to the co-presence of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) as alloying elements and have been commonly used in many industrial applications. However, continuous exposure to the marine environment will accelerate the risk of a tendency to Al bronze alloys parts failures. Although a higher level of corrosion resistance properties can be achieved by modifying its elemental composition, it will come at a price through the complex manufacturing process and increases the risk of reducing the ductility of Al bronze alloy. In this research, the use of ironmaking slag and waste plastic as the input source for surface modification of Al bronze alloy was implemented. Microstructural analysis conducted using polarised light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that is equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). An electrochemical corrosion test was carried out through Tafel polarisation method and calculation of protection efficiency against the base-material was determined. Results have indicated that uniform modified surface which is as the result of selective diffusion process, has enhanced corrosion resistance properties up to 12.67%. This approach has opened a new opportunity to access various industrial utilisations in commercial scale through minimising the dependency on natural resources by transforming waste sources into the protective coating in environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways.
", keywords = "Aluminium bronze, waste-based surface modification, Tafel polarisation, corrosion resistance.", volume = "12", number = "12", pages = "661-5", }
