The Composition of Rice Bran Hydrolysate and Its Possibility to Use in the Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis Biofilm
Rice bran has been abandoned as agricultural waste for million tonnes per year in Thailand, therefore they have been proposed to be utilized as a rich carbon source in the production of bioethanol. Many toxic compounds are possibly released during the pretreatment of rice bran prior the fermentation process. This study aims to analyze on the availability of toxic compounds and the amount of glucose obtained from 2 different pretreatments using sulfuric acid and mixed cellulase enzymes (without and with delignification/ activated charcoal). The concentration of furfural, 5- hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde and4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB) and the percent acetic acid were found to be 0.0517 ± 0.049 mg/L, 0.032 ± 0.06 mg/L, 21074 ± 1685.62 mg/L, 126.265 ± 6.005 mg/L, 2.89 ± 0.30 mg/L, 0.37 ± 0.031mg/L and 0.72% under the pretreatment process without delignification/ activated charcoal treatment and 384.47 ± 99.02 g/L, 0.068 mg/L, 142107.62 ± 8664.6 mg/L, 0.19 mg/L, 5.43 ± 3.29 mg/L, 4.80 ± 0.76 mg/L and 0.254% under the pretreatment process with delignification/ activated charcoal treatment respectively. The presence of high concentration of acetic acid was found to impede the growth of Zymomonas mobilis strain TISTR 551 despite the present of high concentration of levulinic acid. Z. mobilis strain TISTR 551 was found to produce 8.96 ± 4.06 g/L of ethanol under 4 days fementation period in biofilm stage in which represented 40% theoretical yield.
[1] Sun, Y. and J. Cheng (2002). "Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for
ethanol production: a review." Bioresour Technol 83(1):
[2] Kim, J. H., D. E. Block, et al. (2010) "Conversion of rice straw to biobased
chemicals: an Integrated process using Lactobacillus brevis." Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 86(5): 1375-85.
[3] Saha, B. C., L. B. Iten, et al. (2005). "Dilute acid pretreatment,
enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol."
Biotechnol Prog 21(3): 816-22.
[4] Karimi K, E. G., Taherzadeh MJ.(2006). "Ethanol production from
dilute-acid pretreated rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and
fermentation with Mucorindicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 40: 138-144.
[5] Erdei, B., Barta Z., et al. (2010) "Ethanol production from mixtures of
wheat straw and wheat meal."Biotechnol Biofuels 3: 16.
[6] Nilvebrant, N. O., A. Reimann, et al. (2001). "Detoxification of
lignocellulose hydrolysates with ion-exchange resins." Appl Biochem
Biotechnol 91-93: 35-49.
[7] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[8] Klinke, H. B., A. B. Thomsen, et al. (2004). "Inhibition of ethanolproducing
yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during
pre-treatment of biomass." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66(1): 10-26.
[9] Larsson S, P. E., Hahn-Hagerdal B, Tengborg C, Stenberg K, Zacchi G,
Nilvebrant (1998). "The generation of fermentation inhibitors during
dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood" 3-4: 151-159.
[10] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[11] Klinke H.B., T. A. B., Ahring B.K. (2004). "Inhibition of ethanolproducing
yeast and bacteria by degradation product produced during
pre-treatment of biomass." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66: 10-26.
[12] Rogers, P. L., K.L. Lee, D.E. Tribe (1979)."Kinetics of alcohol
production by Zymomonas mobilis at high sugar
concentration."Biotech.Lett.1: 165- 170.
[13] Dien, B. S., M. A. Cotta, et al. (2003). "Bacteria engineered for fuel
ethanol production: current status." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63(3):
258-66.
[14] Shiva Soleimani, M. F. G., and SoheilShokri (2012)."Ethanol production
by Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 using low cost substrates." African
Journal of Microbiology Research 6(4): 704-712.
[15] Li, X. Z., J. S. Webb, et al. (2006)."Enhanced benzaldehyde tolerance in
Zymomonas mobilis biofilms and the potential of biofilm applications in
fine-chemical production."Appl Environ Microbiol 72(2): 1639-44.
[16] Djordjevic D.,Wiedmann M. and McLandsborough L. A. (2002)
"Microtiter Plate Assay for Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes
Biofilm Formation." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 ( 6 ) : 2950-2958
[17] Lee, J. (1997)."Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to
ethanol." Journal of Biotechnology 56: 1-24.
[18] Yadav, K. S., S. Naseeruddin, et al. (2011) "Bioethanol fermentation of
concentrated rice Straw hydrolysate using co-culture of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis."Bioresour Technol 102(11): 6473-8.
[19] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol productionby growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[20] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[21] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[22] Rousseau, H. G. L. J. D. (1993)."The Effect of Acetic Acid on Fuel
Ethanol Production by Zymomonas." Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology 39/40: 687-699
[23] Rousseau, H. G. L. A. J. D. (1998)."Improving Fermentation
Performance of Recombinant Zymomonas in Acetic acid-Containing
Media." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 70-72: 161-172.
[24] J. P. Delgenes, R. Moletta, et al. (1996)."Effects of lignocellulose
degradation products on ethanol fermentations of glucose and xylose by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, Pichia stipitis, and
Candida shehatae." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 19: 220-225.
[25] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[26] Li, X. Z., J. S. Webb, et al. (2006)."Enhanced benzaldehyde tolerance in
Zymomonas mobilis biofilms and the potential of biofilm applications in
fine-chemical production."Appl Environ Microbiol 72(2): 1639-44.
[1] Sun, Y. and J. Cheng (2002). "Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for
ethanol production: a review." Bioresour Technol 83(1):
[2] Kim, J. H., D. E. Block, et al. (2010) "Conversion of rice straw to biobased
chemicals: an Integrated process using Lactobacillus brevis." Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 86(5): 1375-85.
[3] Saha, B. C., L. B. Iten, et al. (2005). "Dilute acid pretreatment,
enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol."
Biotechnol Prog 21(3): 816-22.
[4] Karimi K, E. G., Taherzadeh MJ.(2006). "Ethanol production from
dilute-acid pretreated rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and
fermentation with Mucorindicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 40: 138-144.
[5] Erdei, B., Barta Z., et al. (2010) "Ethanol production from mixtures of
wheat straw and wheat meal."Biotechnol Biofuels 3: 16.
[6] Nilvebrant, N. O., A. Reimann, et al. (2001). "Detoxification of
lignocellulose hydrolysates with ion-exchange resins." Appl Biochem
Biotechnol 91-93: 35-49.
[7] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[8] Klinke, H. B., A. B. Thomsen, et al. (2004). "Inhibition of ethanolproducing
yeast and bacteria by degradation products produced during
pre-treatment of biomass." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66(1): 10-26.
[9] Larsson S, P. E., Hahn-Hagerdal B, Tengborg C, Stenberg K, Zacchi G,
Nilvebrant (1998). "The generation of fermentation inhibitors during
dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood" 3-4: 151-159.
[10] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[11] Klinke H.B., T. A. B., Ahring B.K. (2004). "Inhibition of ethanolproducing
yeast and bacteria by degradation product produced during
pre-treatment of biomass." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66: 10-26.
[12] Rogers, P. L., K.L. Lee, D.E. Tribe (1979)."Kinetics of alcohol
production by Zymomonas mobilis at high sugar
concentration."Biotech.Lett.1: 165- 170.
[13] Dien, B. S., M. A. Cotta, et al. (2003). "Bacteria engineered for fuel
ethanol production: current status." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63(3):
258-66.
[14] Shiva Soleimani, M. F. G., and SoheilShokri (2012)."Ethanol production
by Zymomonas mobilis PTCC 1718 using low cost substrates." African
Journal of Microbiology Research 6(4): 704-712.
[15] Li, X. Z., J. S. Webb, et al. (2006)."Enhanced benzaldehyde tolerance in
Zymomonas mobilis biofilms and the potential of biofilm applications in
fine-chemical production."Appl Environ Microbiol 72(2): 1639-44.
[16] Djordjevic D.,Wiedmann M. and McLandsborough L. A. (2002)
"Microtiter Plate Assay for Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes
Biofilm Formation." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 ( 6 ) : 2950-2958
[17] Lee, J. (1997)."Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to
ethanol." Journal of Biotechnology 56: 1-24.
[18] Yadav, K. S., S. Naseeruddin, et al. (2011) "Bioethanol fermentation of
concentrated rice Straw hydrolysate using co-culture of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis."Bioresour Technol 102(11): 6473-8.
[19] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol productionby growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[20] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[21] Bjorklund, L., S. Larsson, et al. (2002). "Treatment with lignin residue: a
novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates." Appl
Biochem Biotechnol 98-100: 563-75.
[22] Rousseau, H. G. L. J. D. (1993)."The Effect of Acetic Acid on Fuel
Ethanol Production by Zymomonas." Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology 39/40: 687-699
[23] Rousseau, H. G. L. A. J. D. (1998)."Improving Fermentation
Performance of Recombinant Zymomonas in Acetic acid-Containing
Media." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 70-72: 161-172.
[24] J. P. Delgenes, R. Moletta, et al. (1996)."Effects of lignocellulose
degradation products on ethanol fermentations of glucose and xylose by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, Pichia stipitis, and
Candida shehatae." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 19: 220-225.
[25] Sakai, S., Y. Tsuchida, et al. (2007)."Effect of lignocellulose-derived
inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested
Corynebacterium glutamicum R."Appl Environ Microbiol 73(7): 2349-
53.
[26] Li, X. Z., J. S. Webb, et al. (2006)."Enhanced benzaldehyde tolerance in
Zymomonas mobilis biofilms and the potential of biofilm applications in
fine-chemical production."Appl Environ Microbiol 72(2): 1639-44.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:50858", author = "Tatsaporn Todhanakasem and Kamonchanok Areerat and Pornthap Thanonkeo and Roungdao KlinjapoandGlenn M. Young", title = "The Composition of Rice Bran Hydrolysate and Its Possibility to Use in the Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis Biofilm", abstract = "Rice bran has been abandoned as agricultural waste for million tonnes per year in Thailand, therefore they have been proposed to be utilized as a rich carbon source in the production of bioethanol. Many toxic compounds are possibly released during the pretreatment of rice bran prior the fermentation process. This study aims to analyze on the availability of toxic compounds and the amount of glucose obtained from 2 different pretreatments using sulfuric acid and mixed cellulase enzymes (without and with delignification/ activated charcoal). The concentration of furfural, 5- hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde and4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB) and the percent acetic acid were found to be 0.0517 ± 0.049 mg/L, 0.032 ± 0.06 mg/L, 21074 ± 1685.62 mg/L, 126.265 ± 6.005 mg/L, 2.89 ± 0.30 mg/L, 0.37 ± 0.031mg/L and 0.72% under the pretreatment process without delignification/ activated charcoal treatment and 384.47 ± 99.02 g/L, 0.068 mg/L, 142107.62 ± 8664.6 mg/L, 0.19 mg/L, 5.43 ± 3.29 mg/L, 4.80 ± 0.76 mg/L and 0.254% under the pretreatment process with delignification/ activated charcoal treatment respectively. The presence of high concentration of acetic acid was found to impede the growth of Zymomonas mobilis strain TISTR 551 despite the present of high concentration of levulinic acid. Z. mobilis strain TISTR 551 was found to produce 8.96 ± 4.06 g/L of ethanol under 4 days fementation period in biofilm stage in which represented 40% theoretical yield.
", keywords = "Rice bran, Zymomonas mobilis, biofilm, ethanol.", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "1067-5", }
