Performance Evaluation of an Amperometric Biosensor using a Simple Microcontroller based Data Acquisition System
In this paper we have proposed a methodology to
develop an amperometric biosensor for the analysis of glucose
concentration using a simple microcontroller based data acquisition
system. The work involves the development of Detachable
Membrane Unit (enzyme based biomembrane) with immobilized
glucose oxidase on the membrane and interfacing the same to the
signal conditioning system. The current generated by the biosensor
for different glucose concentrations was signal conditioned, then
acquired and computed by a simple AT89C51-microcontroller. The
optimum operating parameters for the better performance were found
and reported. The detailed performance evaluation of the biosensor
has been carried out. The proposed microcontroller based biosensor
system has the sensitivity of 0.04V/g/dl, with a resolution of
50mg/dl. It has exhibited very good inter day stability observed up to
30 days. Comparing to the reference method such as HPLC, the
accuracy of the proposed biosensor system is well within ± 1.5%.
The system can be used for real time analysis of glucose
concentration in the field such as, food and fermentation and clinical
(In-Vitro) applications.
[1] Chaubey A., Malhotra B. D., "Mediated biosensors", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics 17, 2002, pp. 441-456.
[2] Guilbault G. G., ÔÇÿAnalytical uses of immobilized enzymes-, Mercal
Dekkar, 1984, pp. 77-160.
[3] Wolfgang Gopel., and Peter Heiduschka., "Interface analysis in
biosensor design", Biosensors and bioelectronics 10, 1995, pp. 853-883.
[4] Baronus R., Ivanauskas E., Kulys J., "Computer simulation of the
response of Amperometric Biosensors in stirred and non stirred
solution", Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling and control 8, 2003, pp. 3-
18.
[5] Rawson D. and Gaisford W, "Biosensors monitor the environment",
Control Instrum 22, 1990, pp. 63-64.
[6] Bilitewski U., Jager A., Ruger P., and Weise W., "Enzyme electrodes for
the determination of carbohydrates in food", Sensors and Actuators B,
1983, pp.113-118.
[7] Wohltjen H., "Chemical Micro sensors and Micro instrumentation",
Anal.Chem. 56, 1984, pp. 87-103.
[8] Wilson G.S., Thevenot D. R., (Ed: A.G.E. Cass) "Biosensors a practical
approach", Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 5-6.
[9] Wilson R., and A. P.F. Turner, "Glucose oxidase an ideal enzyme",
Biosensors and Bioelectronics 7, 1992, pp. 165-185.
[10] Sangam V. G., and Patre B. M., "Development of computer based
amperometric biosensor for the analysis of glucose concentration", In
Proc. International conference, SICE-Japan, Okayama University,
Japan,2005 pp.105.
[11] Ashok Mulchandani and Kim Rogers, "Enzyme and Microbial
Biosensors - Techniques and protocols", Human Press, Totowa, New
Jersey, 1998, pp. 199-218.
[12] Wang J., Mulchandani A., Mulchandani P and Chen W, "Remote
biosensor for in situ monitoring of organophosphate nerve agent",
Electroanalysis, 11, 1999, pp. 866-869.
[13] Newman J., White S., Tothill I and Turner A. P. F., "Cataylic materials,
membranes and fabrication technologies suitable for the construction of
amperometric biosensors", Anal. Chem. 67, 1995, pp. 4594-4599.
[14] Willner I., and Riklin A, "Electrical communication between electrodes
and NAD (P) - dependent enzymes using pyrroloquinoline-enzyme
electrodes in a self assembled monolayer configuration: design of new
class of amperometric biosensors", Anal. Chem. 66 (9), 1994, pp. 1534-
1539.
[15] Danielsson B. "Enzyme thermistor for food analysis, Wagner. G.
Guilbault (Eds)", Food biosensor Analysis, Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp.
173-190.
[16] Appleton A., Gibson T. D., and Woodward J. R., "High temperature
stabilization of immobilized glucose oxidase: potential applications in
biosensors", Sensors and Actuators, B 43, 1997, pp. 65-69.
[17] Gouda M. D., Kumar M.A., Thakur and Karanth N.G., "Enhancement of
Operational stability of an Enzyme Biosensor, for the glucose and
sucrose using protein based stabilizing agents", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, 19(6), 2002, pp. 503-507.
[18] Sarath Babu V. R., Kumar M.A., Karanth N.G., and Thakur M. S.,
"Stabilization of the immobilized glucose oxidase against thermal
inactivation by silanization for applications", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, 19 (10), 2004, pp. 132-137.
[19] Sergio Franco. "Design with operational Amplifiers and Analog
integrated Circuits", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002, pp. 60-91.
[20] Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, "The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems", Pearson education, 2004, pp.
235-243.
[21] Kilpatric E. S., Ramulay A. G, Smith E. A., " Variations in sample pH
and pO2 affect ExacTech meter glucose measurements", Diabet Med,
Jun11(5), 1994, pp.506-509.
[1] Chaubey A., Malhotra B. D., "Mediated biosensors", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics 17, 2002, pp. 441-456.
[2] Guilbault G. G., ÔÇÿAnalytical uses of immobilized enzymes-, Mercal
Dekkar, 1984, pp. 77-160.
[3] Wolfgang Gopel., and Peter Heiduschka., "Interface analysis in
biosensor design", Biosensors and bioelectronics 10, 1995, pp. 853-883.
[4] Baronus R., Ivanauskas E., Kulys J., "Computer simulation of the
response of Amperometric Biosensors in stirred and non stirred
solution", Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling and control 8, 2003, pp. 3-
18.
[5] Rawson D. and Gaisford W, "Biosensors monitor the environment",
Control Instrum 22, 1990, pp. 63-64.
[6] Bilitewski U., Jager A., Ruger P., and Weise W., "Enzyme electrodes for
the determination of carbohydrates in food", Sensors and Actuators B,
1983, pp.113-118.
[7] Wohltjen H., "Chemical Micro sensors and Micro instrumentation",
Anal.Chem. 56, 1984, pp. 87-103.
[8] Wilson G.S., Thevenot D. R., (Ed: A.G.E. Cass) "Biosensors a practical
approach", Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 5-6.
[9] Wilson R., and A. P.F. Turner, "Glucose oxidase an ideal enzyme",
Biosensors and Bioelectronics 7, 1992, pp. 165-185.
[10] Sangam V. G., and Patre B. M., "Development of computer based
amperometric biosensor for the analysis of glucose concentration", In
Proc. International conference, SICE-Japan, Okayama University,
Japan,2005 pp.105.
[11] Ashok Mulchandani and Kim Rogers, "Enzyme and Microbial
Biosensors - Techniques and protocols", Human Press, Totowa, New
Jersey, 1998, pp. 199-218.
[12] Wang J., Mulchandani A., Mulchandani P and Chen W, "Remote
biosensor for in situ monitoring of organophosphate nerve agent",
Electroanalysis, 11, 1999, pp. 866-869.
[13] Newman J., White S., Tothill I and Turner A. P. F., "Cataylic materials,
membranes and fabrication technologies suitable for the construction of
amperometric biosensors", Anal. Chem. 67, 1995, pp. 4594-4599.
[14] Willner I., and Riklin A, "Electrical communication between electrodes
and NAD (P) - dependent enzymes using pyrroloquinoline-enzyme
electrodes in a self assembled monolayer configuration: design of new
class of amperometric biosensors", Anal. Chem. 66 (9), 1994, pp. 1534-
1539.
[15] Danielsson B. "Enzyme thermistor for food analysis, Wagner. G.
Guilbault (Eds)", Food biosensor Analysis, Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp.
173-190.
[16] Appleton A., Gibson T. D., and Woodward J. R., "High temperature
stabilization of immobilized glucose oxidase: potential applications in
biosensors", Sensors and Actuators, B 43, 1997, pp. 65-69.
[17] Gouda M. D., Kumar M.A., Thakur and Karanth N.G., "Enhancement of
Operational stability of an Enzyme Biosensor, for the glucose and
sucrose using protein based stabilizing agents", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, 19(6), 2002, pp. 503-507.
[18] Sarath Babu V. R., Kumar M.A., Karanth N.G., and Thakur M. S.,
"Stabilization of the immobilized glucose oxidase against thermal
inactivation by silanization for applications", Biosensors and
Bioelectronics, 19 (10), 2004, pp. 132-137.
[19] Sergio Franco. "Design with operational Amplifiers and Analog
integrated Circuits", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002, pp. 60-91.
[20] Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, "The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems", Pearson education, 2004, pp.
235-243.
[21] Kilpatric E. S., Ramulay A. G, Smith E. A., " Variations in sample pH
and pO2 affect ExacTech meter glucose measurements", Diabet Med,
Jun11(5), 1994, pp.506-509.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:51142", author = "V. G. Sangam and Balasaheb M. Patre", title = "Performance Evaluation of an Amperometric Biosensor using a Simple Microcontroller based Data Acquisition System", abstract = "In this paper we have proposed a methodology to
develop an amperometric biosensor for the analysis of glucose
concentration using a simple microcontroller based data acquisition
system. The work involves the development of Detachable
Membrane Unit (enzyme based biomembrane) with immobilized
glucose oxidase on the membrane and interfacing the same to the
signal conditioning system. The current generated by the biosensor
for different glucose concentrations was signal conditioned, then
acquired and computed by a simple AT89C51-microcontroller. The
optimum operating parameters for the better performance were found
and reported. The detailed performance evaluation of the biosensor
has been carried out. The proposed microcontroller based biosensor
system has the sensitivity of 0.04V/g/dl, with a resolution of
50mg/dl. It has exhibited very good inter day stability observed up to
30 days. Comparing to the reference method such as HPLC, the
accuracy of the proposed biosensor system is well within ± 1.5%.
The system can be used for real time analysis of glucose
concentration in the field such as, food and fermentation and clinical
(In-Vitro) applications.", keywords = "Biosensor, DMU, Glucose oxidase andMicrocontroller.", volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "9-7", }