Pentachlorophenol Removal via Adsorption and Biodegradation
Removal of PCP by a system combining
biodegradation by biofilm and adsorption was investigated here.
Three studies were conducted employing batch tests, sequencing
batch reactor (SBR) and continuous biofilm activated carbon
column reactor (BACCOR). The combination of biofilm-GAC
batch process removed about 30% more PCP than GAC adsorption
alone. For the SBR processes, both the suspended and attached
biomass could remove more than 90% of the PCP after
acclimatisation. BACCOR was able to remove more than 98% of
PCP-Na at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L, at empty
bed contact time (EBCT) ranging from 0.75 to 4 hours. Pure and
mixed cultures from BACCOR were tested for use of PCP as sole
carbon and energy source under aerobic conditions. The isolates
were able to degrade up to 42% of PCP under aerobic conditions in
pure cultures. However, mixed cultures were found able to degrade
more than 99% PCP indicating interdependence of species.
[1] Apajalahti, J.H.A. & Salkinojaa-Salonen, M.S. 1986. Degradation of
polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. Appl.
Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25:62-67.
[2] Apajalahti, J.H.A. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S. 1987. Dechlorination
and para-hydroxylation of polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus
chlorophenolicus. J. Bacteriol. 169:675-681.
[3] Boyd, S.A.; & Shelton, D.R. 1984. Anaerobic biodegradation of
chlorinated phenols in fresh and acclimated sludge. Appl. And
Envromental Microbiology.
[4] Haggblom M.M. 1988. Degradation and Transformation of
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds by Strains of Rhodococcus and
Mycobacterium. Academic dissertation. Univ. of Helsinki. Finland.
[5] Haggblom M.M., Nohynek, L.J. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S. 1988.
Degradation and O-methylation of chlorinated phenolic compounds
by Rhodococcus & Mycobacterium strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
54:3043-3052.
[6] Hakulinen, R. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M. 1981. An aerobic fluidised
bed reactor for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing
chlorophenols. In: Biological fluidised bed treatment of water and
wastewater, P.F. Cooper & B. Atkinson (Ed.) Ellis Horwood Publ.,
Chichester. Pp. 374-382.
[7] Lowry, J.D. & Burkhead, C.E. (1980). The role of adsorption in
biologically extended carbon columns. J. WPCF, 562:143-151.
[8] Mikesell, M.D. & Boyd, S.A.1986.Complete reductive dechlorination
and mineralization of pentachlorophenol by anaerobic
microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 52:861-865.
[9] Moos, L.P., Kirsch, E.J., Wukasch, R.F., & Grady, C.P.L. Jr. 1983.
Pentachlorophenol biodegradation I. Water Sci. 17:1575-1584.
[10] Olmstead, K.P. and Weber, W.J. (1991). Interactions between
microorganisms and activated carbon in waer and waste tratment
operations. Chem.. Eng. Commun., 108, 113-125.
[11] Rodman, C.A. & Shunney, E.L. 1970. A new concept for the
biological treatment of textile finishing wastes. Chem. Eng. Prog.
Symp. Ser. 67107,451-457.
[12] Perroti, A.E., Rodman, C.A. (1974). Factor involved with the
biological regeneration of activated carbon, AIChE Symp. Ser.,
70144, 317-325.
[13] Reiner, E.A., Chu, J. & Kirsch, E.J. 1978. Microbial metabolism of
pentachlorophenol. In Pentachlorophenol Chemistry, Pharmacology
and Toxicity (Edited by Rao, R.). pp67-81. Plenum Press, New York.
[14] Steirt, J.G. & Crawford, R.L. 1986. Catabolism of pentachlorophenol
by a Flavobacterium sp. Biochem. Bio-phys. Res. Commun. 141:825-
830.
[15] Suflita, J.M., Horowitz, A., Shelton, & Tiedje, J.M. 1982.
Dehalogenation: A Novel pathway for the anaerobic biodegradation
of haloaromatic compounds. Science:218:1115-1117.
[16] Tsuno, H. Masasumi, K. & Somiya, I. Anaerobic degradation of
pentachlorophenol (PCP) in biological expanded-bed reactor. Wat.
Sci. Tech. 34:335-344. (1996).
[17] Walker, G.M and Weatherley, L.F. (1999). Biological activated
carbon treatment of industrial wastewater in stirred tank reactors.
Chemical engineering Journal, 75, 201-206.
[1] Apajalahti, J.H.A. & Salkinojaa-Salonen, M.S. 1986. Degradation of
polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. Appl.
Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25:62-67.
[2] Apajalahti, J.H.A. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S. 1987. Dechlorination
and para-hydroxylation of polychlorinated phenols by Rhodococcus
chlorophenolicus. J. Bacteriol. 169:675-681.
[3] Boyd, S.A.; & Shelton, D.R. 1984. Anaerobic biodegradation of
chlorinated phenols in fresh and acclimated sludge. Appl. And
Envromental Microbiology.
[4] Haggblom M.M. 1988. Degradation and Transformation of
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds by Strains of Rhodococcus and
Mycobacterium. Academic dissertation. Univ. of Helsinki. Finland.
[5] Haggblom M.M., Nohynek, L.J. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S. 1988.
Degradation and O-methylation of chlorinated phenolic compounds
by Rhodococcus & Mycobacterium strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
54:3043-3052.
[6] Hakulinen, R. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M. 1981. An aerobic fluidised
bed reactor for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing
chlorophenols. In: Biological fluidised bed treatment of water and
wastewater, P.F. Cooper & B. Atkinson (Ed.) Ellis Horwood Publ.,
Chichester. Pp. 374-382.
[7] Lowry, J.D. & Burkhead, C.E. (1980). The role of adsorption in
biologically extended carbon columns. J. WPCF, 562:143-151.
[8] Mikesell, M.D. & Boyd, S.A.1986.Complete reductive dechlorination
and mineralization of pentachlorophenol by anaerobic
microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 52:861-865.
[9] Moos, L.P., Kirsch, E.J., Wukasch, R.F., & Grady, C.P.L. Jr. 1983.
Pentachlorophenol biodegradation I. Water Sci. 17:1575-1584.
[10] Olmstead, K.P. and Weber, W.J. (1991). Interactions between
microorganisms and activated carbon in waer and waste tratment
operations. Chem.. Eng. Commun., 108, 113-125.
[11] Rodman, C.A. & Shunney, E.L. 1970. A new concept for the
biological treatment of textile finishing wastes. Chem. Eng. Prog.
Symp. Ser. 67107,451-457.
[12] Perroti, A.E., Rodman, C.A. (1974). Factor involved with the
biological regeneration of activated carbon, AIChE Symp. Ser.,
70144, 317-325.
[13] Reiner, E.A., Chu, J. & Kirsch, E.J. 1978. Microbial metabolism of
pentachlorophenol. In Pentachlorophenol Chemistry, Pharmacology
and Toxicity (Edited by Rao, R.). pp67-81. Plenum Press, New York.
[14] Steirt, J.G. & Crawford, R.L. 1986. Catabolism of pentachlorophenol
by a Flavobacterium sp. Biochem. Bio-phys. Res. Commun. 141:825-
830.
[15] Suflita, J.M., Horowitz, A., Shelton, & Tiedje, J.M. 1982.
Dehalogenation: A Novel pathway for the anaerobic biodegradation
of haloaromatic compounds. Science:218:1115-1117.
[16] Tsuno, H. Masasumi, K. & Somiya, I. Anaerobic degradation of
pentachlorophenol (PCP) in biological expanded-bed reactor. Wat.
Sci. Tech. 34:335-344. (1996).
[17] Walker, G.M and Weatherley, L.F. (1999). Biological activated
carbon treatment of industrial wastewater in stirred tank reactors.
Chemical engineering Journal, 75, 201-206.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:51281", author = "Rakmi Abd.-Rahman and Nurina Anuar", title = "Pentachlorophenol Removal via Adsorption and Biodegradation", abstract = "Removal of PCP by a system combining
biodegradation by biofilm and adsorption was investigated here.
Three studies were conducted employing batch tests, sequencing
batch reactor (SBR) and continuous biofilm activated carbon
column reactor (BACCOR). The combination of biofilm-GAC
batch process removed about 30% more PCP than GAC adsorption
alone. For the SBR processes, both the suspended and attached
biomass could remove more than 90% of the PCP after
acclimatisation. BACCOR was able to remove more than 98% of
PCP-Na at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L, at empty
bed contact time (EBCT) ranging from 0.75 to 4 hours. Pure and
mixed cultures from BACCOR were tested for use of PCP as sole
carbon and energy source under aerobic conditions. The isolates
were able to degrade up to 42% of PCP under aerobic conditions in
pure cultures. However, mixed cultures were found able to degrade
more than 99% PCP indicating interdependence of species.", keywords = "Adsorption, biodegradation, identification,
isolated bacteria, pentachlorophenol.", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "115-6", }
