Out of all visual arts including: painting, sculpture,
graphics, photography, architecture, and others, architecture is by far
the most complex one, because the art category is only one of its
determinants. Architecture, to some extent includes other arts which
can significantly influence the shaping of an urban space (artistic
interventions). These arts largely shape the visual culture in
combination with other categories: film, TV, Internet, information
technologies that are "changing the world" etc. In the area of
architecture and urbanism, visual culture is achieved through the
aspects of visual spatial effects. In this context, a complex visual
deliberation about designing urban areas in order to contribute to the
urban visual culture, and with it restore the cultural identity of the
city, is becoming almost the primary concept of contemporary urban
and architectural practice. Research in this paper relate to the city of
Niksic and its place in the visual urban culture. We are looking at the
city’s existing visual effects and determining the directions of
transformability of its physical structure in order to achieve the visual
realization of an urban area and the renewal of cultural identity of a
modern city.
<p>[1] K. Lynch, The image of the City. Cambridge : MA:MIT Press,1960.
[2] R . Arnheim, Visual Thinking. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1969.
[3] R. Arnheim, The Dynamics of Architectural Form. United
States,:University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, 1977.
[4] G. Cullen,Townscape. London: Architectural Press,1959.
[5] W. H. Ittelson, Visual Space Perception. New York: Springer,1960.
[6] A.Rossi , The Architecture of the City. Cambridge: The MIT Press,1966.
[7] P. D. Spreiregen, Urban design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities.
New York:McGraw-Hill, 1965.
[8] D. Stea, “Environmental perception and cognition: Toward a Model for
:Mental Maps”, in .,Humanscape: Environment for People., R.Kaplan,
and S.Kaplan,Eds Boston: MIT Perss,1978.
[9] N. B. Winters, Architecture Is Elementary: Visual Thinking Through
Architectural Concepts. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith Publishers,2000.
[10] B. Radojičić, Nikšićki kraj savremene regionalno- geografske
transformacije. Nikšić : SIZ kulture i naučnih djelatnosti Opštine
Nikšić,1982.
[11] R.Radović , Forma grada. Beograd : Orion art,; Novi Sad :Stylos. 2003.
[12] D. Crawford” Using remotely sensed data in landscape visual quality
assessment”,.Lanscape and Urban Planning , vol.30,1994,pp.71-
81,1994.
[13] C .Boyer , The City of Collective Memory. Cambridge : MA: MIT
Press,1994.
[14] N. Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism. Princeton Architectural Press,1999.
[15] N. V. Šoluh, and A.V. Altuhova ,”The anlysis of the visual environment
of Donetsk City : Social, Psyhological, and Architectural aspects”,
Modern industrial and civil construction,vol 4(4),pp. 191-197, 2008.
[16] L. Mumford, Grad u istoriji. Zagreb: Naprijed,1968.
[17] E. L. Bule, Arhitektura Esej o umjetnosti. Beograd: Grañevinska knjiga
DOO,1999.
[18] O. Grgurević,”Od pojma slike grada do pojma opće slike krajolika”,
Prostor, vol. 3-4,1994,cc. 285-290,1994.
[19] S.Carr, and all, Public Space. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1992.
[20] S. H. C. Lennard and H. Lennard, Public Life in Urban Places. N.Y.
,South Hampton: Gondolier Press,1984.
[21] S. Lennard , H. Crowhurst , and H. L. Lennard, “Urban space design and
social life” .In Companion to Contemporary Architectural, B. Farmer,
and L. Hentie,Eds .New York :Routledge Inc, 1993.
[22] C. C. Marcus, and C. Francis, People Places: Design Guidlines for
Urban Open Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,1990.
[23] H .Wooley ,Urban Open Spaces. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.
[24] M. Hržić, “Percepcijski pristup oblikovanja grada u okviru procesa
planiranja( Neobjavljena Doktorska disertacija)”, Zagreb,1999.
[25] R. Arnheim, Art and Visual Perception. London: Cambridge University
Press,1954.
[26] J. J. Gibson, Perception of the visual world. Boston : Houghton Mifflin
Company,1950.
[27] K. Koffka, Principles of Gestalt Psychology. New York: Harcourt-
Brace&World, Inc., 1935.
[28] I. M. Mambretti, Urban Parks Between Safety and Aesthetics: Exploring
Urban Green Space Using Visualisation and Conjoint Analysis Methods.
ZuWrich : vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH ZuWrich, 2011.
[29] E. Y. L. Do and M. D. Gross,” Tools for Visual and Spatial Analysis of
CAD Models -implementing computer tools as a means to thinking
about architecture”. In Futures, vol. 97, R. Junge,Ed. Munich:
Kluwer,CAAD, 1997, pp. 189-202.</p>
<p>[1] K. Lynch, The image of the City. Cambridge : MA:MIT Press,1960.
[2] R . Arnheim, Visual Thinking. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1969.
[3] R. Arnheim, The Dynamics of Architectural Form. United
States,:University Presses of California, Columbia and Princeton, 1977.
[4] G. Cullen,Townscape. London: Architectural Press,1959.
[5] W. H. Ittelson, Visual Space Perception. New York: Springer,1960.
[6] A.Rossi , The Architecture of the City. Cambridge: The MIT Press,1966.
[7] P. D. Spreiregen, Urban design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities.
New York:McGraw-Hill, 1965.
[8] D. Stea, “Environmental perception and cognition: Toward a Model for
:Mental Maps”, in .,Humanscape: Environment for People., R.Kaplan,
and S.Kaplan,Eds Boston: MIT Perss,1978.
[9] N. B. Winters, Architecture Is Elementary: Visual Thinking Through
Architectural Concepts. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith Publishers,2000.
[10] B. Radojičić, Nikšićki kraj savremene regionalno- geografske
transformacije. Nikšić : SIZ kulture i naučnih djelatnosti Opštine
Nikšić,1982.
[11] R.Radović , Forma grada. Beograd : Orion art,; Novi Sad :Stylos. 2003.
[12] D. Crawford” Using remotely sensed data in landscape visual quality
assessment”,.Lanscape and Urban Planning , vol.30,1994,pp.71-
81,1994.
[13] C .Boyer , The City of Collective Memory. Cambridge : MA: MIT
Press,1994.
[14] N. Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism. Princeton Architectural Press,1999.
[15] N. V. Šoluh, and A.V. Altuhova ,”The anlysis of the visual environment
of Donetsk City : Social, Psyhological, and Architectural aspects”,
Modern industrial and civil construction,vol 4(4),pp. 191-197, 2008.
[16] L. Mumford, Grad u istoriji. Zagreb: Naprijed,1968.
[17] E. L. Bule, Arhitektura Esej o umjetnosti. Beograd: Grañevinska knjiga
DOO,1999.
[18] O. Grgurević,”Od pojma slike grada do pojma opće slike krajolika”,
Prostor, vol. 3-4,1994,cc. 285-290,1994.
[19] S.Carr, and all, Public Space. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1992.
[20] S. H. C. Lennard and H. Lennard, Public Life in Urban Places. N.Y.
,South Hampton: Gondolier Press,1984.
[21] S. Lennard , H. Crowhurst , and H. L. Lennard, “Urban space design and
social life” .In Companion to Contemporary Architectural, B. Farmer,
and L. Hentie,Eds .New York :Routledge Inc, 1993.
[22] C. C. Marcus, and C. Francis, People Places: Design Guidlines for
Urban Open Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,1990.
[23] H .Wooley ,Urban Open Spaces. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.
[24] M. Hržić, “Percepcijski pristup oblikovanja grada u okviru procesa
planiranja( Neobjavljena Doktorska disertacija)”, Zagreb,1999.
[25] R. Arnheim, Art and Visual Perception. London: Cambridge University
Press,1954.
[26] J. J. Gibson, Perception of the visual world. Boston : Houghton Mifflin
Company,1950.
[27] K. Koffka, Principles of Gestalt Psychology. New York: Harcourt-
Brace&World, Inc., 1935.
[28] I. M. Mambretti, Urban Parks Between Safety and Aesthetics: Exploring
Urban Green Space Using Visualisation and Conjoint Analysis Methods.
ZuWrich : vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH ZuWrich, 2011.
[29] E. Y. L. Do and M. D. Gross,” Tools for Visual and Spatial Analysis of
CAD Models -implementing computer tools as a means to thinking
about architecture”. In Futures, vol. 97, R. Junge,Ed. Munich:
Kluwer,CAAD, 1997, pp. 189-202.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:51055", author = "Svetlana Perović", title = "Niksic in the Context of Visual Urban Culture", abstract = "Out of all visual arts including: painting, sculpture,
graphics, photography, architecture, and others, architecture is by far
the most complex one, because the art category is only one of its
determinants. Architecture, to some extent includes other arts which
can significantly influence the shaping of an urban space (artistic
interventions). These arts largely shape the visual culture in
combination with other categories: film, TV, Internet, information
technologies that are "changing the world" etc. In the area of
architecture and urbanism, visual culture is achieved through the
aspects of visual spatial effects. In this context, a complex visual
deliberation about designing urban areas in order to contribute to the
urban visual culture, and with it restore the cultural identity of the
city, is becoming almost the primary concept of contemporary urban
and architectural practice. Research in this paper relate to the city of
Niksic and its place in the visual urban culture. We are looking at the
city’s existing visual effects and determining the directions of
transformability of its physical structure in order to achieve the visual
realization of an urban area and the renewal of cultural identity of a
modern city.
", keywords = "Nikšić, transformability, visual culture, visual
realization.", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "529-7", }
