Irrigation Water Quality Evaluation in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Guanzhong Basin
Groundwater is an important water resource in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, 141 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters to assess the irrigation water quality using six indicators (sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and potential salinity (PS)). The results show that the patterns for the average cation and anion concentrations were in decreasing orders of Na＋ > Mg2＋ > Ca2＋ > K＋and SO42－ > HCO3－ > Cl－ > NO3－ > CO32－ > F－, respectively. The values of Na%, MH, and PS show that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation. The same conclusion is drawn from the USSL and Wilcox diagrams. PS values indicate that Cl－and SO42－have a great influence on irrigation water in Jiaokou Irrigation District. RSC and PI values indicate that more than half of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. The finding is beneficial for the policymakers for future water management schemes to achieve a sustainable development goal.
[1] Q.Y. Zhang, P.P. Xu, and H. Qian, “Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Improved Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risk (HHR) Evaluation in a Semi arid Region of Northwest China,” 2020, Expo Health.
[2] P.P. Xu, W.W. Feng, H. Qian, and Q.Y. Zhang, “Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Irrigation Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Central-Western Guanzhong Basin, China,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019, vol. 16, 1492.
[3] K. Ravindra, P.S. Thind, S. Mor, T. Singh, and S. Mor, “Evaluation of groundwater contamination in Chandigarh: Source identification and health risk assessment,” Environ Pollut. 2019, vol. 255: 113062.
[4] J. Chen, Q.W. Huang, Y.L. Lin, Y. Fang, H. Qian, R.P. Liu, and H.Y. Ma, “Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in an Irrigated Region, Northwest China,” Water, 2019, vol. 11(1): 18.
[5] P. Tahmasebi, M.H. Mahmudy-Gharaie, F. Ghassemzadeh, and A. Karimi Karouyeh, “Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation in a gold mine surrounding area, NE Iran,” Environ. Earth Sci., 2018, vol. 77: 766.
[6] L.D. Doneen, “Notes on water quality in agriculture,” Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1964.
[7] H. Jia, H. Qian, L. Zheng, W.W. Feng, H.K. Wang, and Y.Y. Gao, “Alterations to groundwater chemistry due to modern water transfer for irrigation over decades,” Sci. Total Environ. 2020, vol. 717, 137170.
[8] K.D. Brahman, T.G. Kazi, J.A. Baig, H.I. Afridi, A. Khan, S.S. Arain, and M.B. Arain, “Fluoride and arsenic exposure through water and grain crops in Nagarparkar, Pakistan,” Chemosphere, 2014, vol. 100, pp.182-189.
[9] L. Karthikeyana, I. Chawla, A.K. Mishra, “A review of remote sensing applications in agriculture for food security: Crop growth and yield, irrigation, and crop losses,” J Hydrol, 2020, vol. 586, 124905.
[10] R.S. Kookana, P. Drechsel, P. Jamwal, J. Vanderzalm, “Urbanisation and emerging economies: Issues and potential solutions for water and food security,” Sci. Total Environ., 2020, vol. 732, 139057.
[11] Q.Y. Zhang, P.P. Xu, H. Qian, and F.X. Yang, “Hydrogeochemistry and Fluoride Contamination in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Central China: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk,” Sci. Total Environ. 2020, vol. 741, 140460.
[12] N.S. Kawo, and K. Shankar, “Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and GIS technique in Modjo River Basin, central Ethiopia,” J. African Earth Sci., 2018, vol. 147, pp. 300-311
[13] S.K. Khanoranga, “An assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking purposes around brick kilns in three districts of Balochistan province, Pakistan, through water quality index and multivariate statistical approaches,” J. Geochem. Explor., 2018, vol. 11, 007.
[14] P. Ravikumar, R.K. Somashekar, and M. Angami, “Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India,” Environ Monit Assess, 2011, vol. 173(1), pp. 459-487
[15] M. Kumar, K. Kumari, A.L. Ramanathan, and R. Saxena, “A comparative evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in two intensively cultivated districts of Punjab, India,” Environ Geol, 2007, vol. 53, pp. 553-574.
[16] United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL), “Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils,” US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, 1954, pp 69–81.
[17] L.V. Wilcox, “The quality of water for irrigation use. US Department of Agriculture,” Washington, 1948, pp. 1962.
[18] S. Selvakumar, K. Ramkumar, N. Chandrasekar, N. Magesh, and S. Kaliraj, “Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigational use in the Southern Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India,” Appl. Water Sci., 2017, vol. 7, pp. 411-420.
[19] P.Y. Li, Y.T. Zhang, N. Yang, L.J. Jing, and P.Y. Yu, “Major ion chemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in and around a mountainous tourist town of China,” Expo. Health, 2016, vol. 8, pp. 239-252.
[20] J.H. Wu, P.Y. Li, H. Qian, and Y. Fang, “Assessment of soil salinization based on a low-cost method and its influencing factors in a semi-arid agricultural area, northwest China,” Environ. Earth Sci. 2014, vol. 71, pp. 3465-3475.
[21] F.B. Owoyemi, G.E. Oteze, and O.V. Omonona “Spatial patterns, geochemical evolution and quality of groundwater in Delta State, Niger Delta, Nigeria: implication for groundwater management,” Environ Monit Assess, 2019, vol. 191, 617.
[22] K. Kalaivanan, B. Gurugnanam, H.R. Pourghasemi, M. Suresh, and S. Kumaravel, “Spatial assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index and hydrochemical indices in the Kodavanar subbasin, Tamil Nadu, India.” Sustain Water Resour Manag. 2018, vol. 4, pp. 627–641.
[1] Q.Y. Zhang, P.P. Xu, and H. Qian, “Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Improved Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risk (HHR) Evaluation in a Semi arid Region of Northwest China,” 2020, Expo Health.
[2] P.P. Xu, W.W. Feng, H. Qian, and Q.Y. Zhang, “Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Irrigation Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Central-Western Guanzhong Basin, China,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019, vol. 16, 1492.
[3] K. Ravindra, P.S. Thind, S. Mor, T. Singh, and S. Mor, “Evaluation of groundwater contamination in Chandigarh: Source identification and health risk assessment,” Environ Pollut. 2019, vol. 255: 113062.
[4] J. Chen, Q.W. Huang, Y.L. Lin, Y. Fang, H. Qian, R.P. Liu, and H.Y. Ma, “Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in an Irrigated Region, Northwest China,” Water, 2019, vol. 11(1): 18.
[5] P. Tahmasebi, M.H. Mahmudy-Gharaie, F. Ghassemzadeh, and A. Karimi Karouyeh, “Assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation in a gold mine surrounding area, NE Iran,” Environ. Earth Sci., 2018, vol. 77: 766.
[6] L.D. Doneen, “Notes on water quality in agriculture,” Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1964.
[7] H. Jia, H. Qian, L. Zheng, W.W. Feng, H.K. Wang, and Y.Y. Gao, “Alterations to groundwater chemistry due to modern water transfer for irrigation over decades,” Sci. Total Environ. 2020, vol. 717, 137170.
[8] K.D. Brahman, T.G. Kazi, J.A. Baig, H.I. Afridi, A. Khan, S.S. Arain, and M.B. Arain, “Fluoride and arsenic exposure through water and grain crops in Nagarparkar, Pakistan,” Chemosphere, 2014, vol. 100, pp.182-189.
[9] L. Karthikeyana, I. Chawla, A.K. Mishra, “A review of remote sensing applications in agriculture for food security: Crop growth and yield, irrigation, and crop losses,” J Hydrol, 2020, vol. 586, 124905.
[10] R.S. Kookana, P. Drechsel, P. Jamwal, J. Vanderzalm, “Urbanisation and emerging economies: Issues and potential solutions for water and food security,” Sci. Total Environ., 2020, vol. 732, 139057.
[11] Q.Y. Zhang, P.P. Xu, H. Qian, and F.X. Yang, “Hydrogeochemistry and Fluoride Contamination in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Central China: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk,” Sci. Total Environ. 2020, vol. 741, 140460.
[12] N.S. Kawo, and K. Shankar, “Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and GIS technique in Modjo River Basin, central Ethiopia,” J. African Earth Sci., 2018, vol. 147, pp. 300-311
[13] S.K. Khanoranga, “An assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking purposes around brick kilns in three districts of Balochistan province, Pakistan, through water quality index and multivariate statistical approaches,” J. Geochem. Explor., 2018, vol. 11, 007.
[14] P. Ravikumar, R.K. Somashekar, and M. Angami, “Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India,” Environ Monit Assess, 2011, vol. 173(1), pp. 459-487
[15] M. Kumar, K. Kumari, A.L. Ramanathan, and R. Saxena, “A comparative evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in two intensively cultivated districts of Punjab, India,” Environ Geol, 2007, vol. 53, pp. 553-574.
[16] United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL), “Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils,” US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, 1954, pp 69–81.
[17] L.V. Wilcox, “The quality of water for irrigation use. US Department of Agriculture,” Washington, 1948, pp. 1962.
[18] S. Selvakumar, K. Ramkumar, N. Chandrasekar, N. Magesh, and S. Kaliraj, “Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigational use in the Southern Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India,” Appl. Water Sci., 2017, vol. 7, pp. 411-420.
[19] P.Y. Li, Y.T. Zhang, N. Yang, L.J. Jing, and P.Y. Yu, “Major ion chemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in and around a mountainous tourist town of China,” Expo. Health, 2016, vol. 8, pp. 239-252.
[20] J.H. Wu, P.Y. Li, H. Qian, and Y. Fang, “Assessment of soil salinization based on a low-cost method and its influencing factors in a semi-arid agricultural area, northwest China,” Environ. Earth Sci. 2014, vol. 71, pp. 3465-3475.
[21] F.B. Owoyemi, G.E. Oteze, and O.V. Omonona “Spatial patterns, geochemical evolution and quality of groundwater in Delta State, Niger Delta, Nigeria: implication for groundwater management,” Environ Monit Assess, 2019, vol. 191, 617.
[22] K. Kalaivanan, B. Gurugnanam, H.R. Pourghasemi, M. Suresh, and S. Kumaravel, “Spatial assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index and hydrochemical indices in the Kodavanar subbasin, Tamil Nadu, India.” Sustain Water Resour Manag. 2018, vol. 4, pp. 627–641.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:80183", author = "Qiying Zhang and Panpan Xu and Hui Qian", title = "Irrigation Water Quality Evaluation in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Guanzhong Basin", abstract = "Groundwater is an important water resource in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, 141 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters to assess the irrigation water quality using six indicators (sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and potential salinity (PS)). The results show that the patterns for the average cation and anion concentrations were in decreasing orders of Na＋ > Mg2＋ > Ca2＋ > K＋and SO42－ > HCO3－ > Cl－ > NO3－ > CO32－ > F－, respectively. The values of Na%, MH, and PS show that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation. The same conclusion is drawn from the USSL and Wilcox diagrams. PS values indicate that Cl－and SO42－have a great influence on irrigation water in Jiaokou Irrigation District. RSC and PI values indicate that more than half of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. The finding is beneficial for the policymakers for future water management schemes to achieve a sustainable development goal.
", keywords = "Irrigation water quality evaluation, groundwater chemistry, Jiaokou Irrigation District, Guanzhong Basin. ", volume = "15", number = "1", pages = "46-6", }
