Influence of Titanium Addition on Wear Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy
This study aimed for improving wear resistance of AM60 magnesium alloy by Ti addition (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1wt%Ti). An electric resistance furnace was used to produce alloys. Pure Mg together with Al, Al-Ti and Al-Mn were melted at 750 0C in a stainless steel crucible under controlled Ar gas atmosphere and then poured into a metal mould preheated at 250 0C. Microstructure characterizations were performed by light optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) after the wear test. Wear rates and friction coefficients were measured with a pin-on-disk type UTS-10 Tribometer test device under a load of 20N. The results showed that Ti addition altered the morphology and the amount of b-Mg17Al12 phase in the microstructure of AM60 alloy. b-Mg17Al12 phases on the grain boundaries were refined with increasing amount of Ti. An improvement in wear resistance of AM60 alloy was observed due to the alteration in the microstructure by Ti addition.
[1] M. M. Avedesian and H. Baker, ASM Specialty Handbook: Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. ASM International, 1999.
[2] A. A. Luo, “Magnesium casting technology for structural applications,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2–22, Mar. 2013.
[3] B. L. Mordike and T. Ebert, “Magnesium: Properties — applications — potential,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 302, no. 1, pp. 37–45, Apr. 2001.
[4] B. Carcel, J. Sampedro, A. Ruescas, and X. Toneu, “Corrosion and wear resistance improvement of magnesium alloys by laser cladding with Al-Si,” Physics Procedia, vol. 12, Part A, pp. 353–363, 2011.
[5] B. J. Zheng, X. M. Chen, and J. S. Lian, “Microstructure and wear property of laser cladding Al+SiC powders on AZ91D magnesium alloy,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 526–532, May 2010.
[6] M. K. Lei, P. Li, H. G. Yang, and X. M. Zhu, “Wear and corrosion resistance of Al ion implanted AZ31 magnesium alloy,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 201, no. 9–11, pp. 5182–5185, Feb. 2007.
[7] J. Dutta Majumdar, R. Galun, B. L. Mordike, and I. Manna, “Effect of laser surface melting on corrosion and wear resistance of a commercial magnesium alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 361, no. 1–2, pp. 119–129, Nov. 2003.
[8] C. Taltavull, P. Rodrigo, B. Torres, A. J. López, and J. Rams, “Dry sliding wear behavior of AM50B magnesium alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 56, pp. 549–556, Apr. 2014.
[9] C. Taltavull, B. Torres, A. J. López, and J. Rams, “Dry sliding wear behavior of AM60B magnesium alloy,” Wear, vol. 301, no. 1–2, pp. 615–625, Apr. 2013.
[10] S. Anbu selvan and S. Ramanathan, “Dry sliding wear behavior of as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1930–1936, Apr. 2010.
[11] H. Chen and A. T. Alpas, “Sliding wear map for the magnesium alloy Mg-9Al-0.9 Zn (AZ91),” Wear, vol. 246, no. 1–2, pp. 106–116, Nov. 2000.
[12] J. An, R. G. Li, Y. Lu, C. M. Chen, Y. Xu, X. Chen, and L. M. Wang, “Dry sliding wear behavior of magnesium alloys,” Wear, vol. 265, no. 1–2, pp. 97–104, Jun. 2008.
[13] M. Cong, Z. Li, J. Liu, and S. Li, “Effect of Sr on microstructure, tensile properties and wear behavior of as-cast Mg–6Zn–4Si alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 53, pp. 430–434, Jan. 2014.
[14] K. Meshinchi Asl, A. Masoudi, and F. Khomamizadeh, “The effect of different rare earth elements content on microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of Mg–Al–Zn alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 527, no. 7–8, pp. 2027–2035, Mar. 2010.
[15] S. Candan, M. Unal, E. Koc, Y. Turen, and E. Candan, “Effects of titanium addition on mechanical and corrosion behaviours of AZ91 magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 509, no. 5, pp. 1958–1963, Feb. 2011.
[16] X. Ai, “Effect of Ti on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion of Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy,” The Open Materials Science Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 6–13, Feb. 2012.
[17] P. Zhao, Q. Wang, C. Zhai, and Y. Zhu, “Effects of strontium and titanium on the microstructure, tensile properties and creep behavior of AM50 alloys,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 444, no. 1–2, pp. 318–326, Jan. 2007.
[18] H. Y. Choi and W. J. Kim, “Development of the highly corrosion resistant AZ31 magnesium alloy by the addition of a trace amount of Ti,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 664, pp. 25–37, Apr. 2016.
[19] Z. Yu, A. Tang, L. Zhang, and F. Pan, “Effect of microalloying with titanium on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy,” Materials Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1441–1446, Oct. 2014.
[20] T. J. Lee and W. J. Kim, “The significant effect of adding trace amounts of Ti on the high-temperature deformation behavior of fine-grained Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloys,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 617, pp. 352–358, Dec. 2014.
[21] J. Y. Choi and W. J. Kim, “Significant effects of adding trace amounts of Ti on the microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 614, pp. 49–55, Nov. 2014.
[22] J. Chen, Y. Sun, J. Zhang, W. Cheng, X. Niu, and C. Xu, “Effects of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Zr–Ca alloys,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121–126, Jun. 2015.
[23] M. Yang, H. Li, C. Duan, and J. Zhang, “Effects of minor Ti addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–3Sn–2Sr (wt.%) magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 579, pp. 92–99, Dec. 2013.
[24] A. K. Dahle, Y. C. Lee, M. D. Nave, P. L. Schaffer, and D. H. StJohn, “Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium–aluminium alloys,” Journal of Light Metals, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61–72, Feb. 2001.
[25] J. L. Murray, “The Mg−Ti (Magnesium-Titanium) system,” Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 245–248, Jun. 1986.
[1] M. M. Avedesian and H. Baker, ASM Specialty Handbook: Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. ASM International, 1999.
[2] A. A. Luo, “Magnesium casting technology for structural applications,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2–22, Mar. 2013.
[3] B. L. Mordike and T. Ebert, “Magnesium: Properties — applications — potential,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 302, no. 1, pp. 37–45, Apr. 2001.
[4] B. Carcel, J. Sampedro, A. Ruescas, and X. Toneu, “Corrosion and wear resistance improvement of magnesium alloys by laser cladding with Al-Si,” Physics Procedia, vol. 12, Part A, pp. 353–363, 2011.
[5] B. J. Zheng, X. M. Chen, and J. S. Lian, “Microstructure and wear property of laser cladding Al+SiC powders on AZ91D magnesium alloy,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 526–532, May 2010.
[6] M. K. Lei, P. Li, H. G. Yang, and X. M. Zhu, “Wear and corrosion resistance of Al ion implanted AZ31 magnesium alloy,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 201, no. 9–11, pp. 5182–5185, Feb. 2007.
[7] J. Dutta Majumdar, R. Galun, B. L. Mordike, and I. Manna, “Effect of laser surface melting on corrosion and wear resistance of a commercial magnesium alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 361, no. 1–2, pp. 119–129, Nov. 2003.
[8] C. Taltavull, P. Rodrigo, B. Torres, A. J. López, and J. Rams, “Dry sliding wear behavior of AM50B magnesium alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 56, pp. 549–556, Apr. 2014.
[9] C. Taltavull, B. Torres, A. J. López, and J. Rams, “Dry sliding wear behavior of AM60B magnesium alloy,” Wear, vol. 301, no. 1–2, pp. 615–625, Apr. 2013.
[10] S. Anbu selvan and S. Ramanathan, “Dry sliding wear behavior of as-cast ZE41A magnesium alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1930–1936, Apr. 2010.
[11] H. Chen and A. T. Alpas, “Sliding wear map for the magnesium alloy Mg-9Al-0.9 Zn (AZ91),” Wear, vol. 246, no. 1–2, pp. 106–116, Nov. 2000.
[12] J. An, R. G. Li, Y. Lu, C. M. Chen, Y. Xu, X. Chen, and L. M. Wang, “Dry sliding wear behavior of magnesium alloys,” Wear, vol. 265, no. 1–2, pp. 97–104, Jun. 2008.
[13] M. Cong, Z. Li, J. Liu, and S. Li, “Effect of Sr on microstructure, tensile properties and wear behavior of as-cast Mg–6Zn–4Si alloy,” Materials & Design, vol. 53, pp. 430–434, Jan. 2014.
[14] K. Meshinchi Asl, A. Masoudi, and F. Khomamizadeh, “The effect of different rare earth elements content on microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of Mg–Al–Zn alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 527, no. 7–8, pp. 2027–2035, Mar. 2010.
[15] S. Candan, M. Unal, E. Koc, Y. Turen, and E. Candan, “Effects of titanium addition on mechanical and corrosion behaviours of AZ91 magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 509, no. 5, pp. 1958–1963, Feb. 2011.
[16] X. Ai, “Effect of Ti on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion of Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy,” The Open Materials Science Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 6–13, Feb. 2012.
[17] P. Zhao, Q. Wang, C. Zhai, and Y. Zhu, “Effects of strontium and titanium on the microstructure, tensile properties and creep behavior of AM50 alloys,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 444, no. 1–2, pp. 318–326, Jan. 2007.
[18] H. Y. Choi and W. J. Kim, “Development of the highly corrosion resistant AZ31 magnesium alloy by the addition of a trace amount of Ti,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 664, pp. 25–37, Apr. 2016.
[19] Z. Yu, A. Tang, L. Zhang, and F. Pan, “Effect of microalloying with titanium on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy,” Materials Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1441–1446, Oct. 2014.
[20] T. J. Lee and W. J. Kim, “The significant effect of adding trace amounts of Ti on the high-temperature deformation behavior of fine-grained Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloys,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 617, pp. 352–358, Dec. 2014.
[21] J. Y. Choi and W. J. Kim, “Significant effects of adding trace amounts of Ti on the microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 614, pp. 49–55, Nov. 2014.
[22] J. Chen, Y. Sun, J. Zhang, W. Cheng, X. Niu, and C. Xu, “Effects of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Zr–Ca alloys,” Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121–126, Jun. 2015.
[23] M. Yang, H. Li, C. Duan, and J. Zhang, “Effects of minor Ti addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–3Sn–2Sr (wt.%) magnesium alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 579, pp. 92–99, Dec. 2013.
[24] A. K. Dahle, Y. C. Lee, M. D. Nave, P. L. Schaffer, and D. H. StJohn, “Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium–aluminium alloys,” Journal of Light Metals, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61–72, Feb. 2001.
[25] J. L. Murray, “The Mg−Ti (Magnesium-Titanium) system,” Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 245–248, Jun. 1986.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:73237", author = "H. Zengin and M. E. Turan and Y. Turen and H. Ahlatci and Y. Sun", title = "Influence of Titanium Addition on Wear Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy", abstract = "This study aimed for improving wear resistance of AM60 magnesium alloy by Ti addition (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1wt%Ti). An electric resistance furnace was used to produce alloys. Pure Mg together with Al, Al-Ti and Al-Mn were melted at 750 0C in a stainless steel crucible under controlled Ar gas atmosphere and then poured into a metal mould preheated at 250 0C. Microstructure characterizations were performed by light optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) after the wear test. Wear rates and friction coefficients were measured with a pin-on-disk type UTS-10 Tribometer test device under a load of 20N. The results showed that Ti addition altered the morphology and the amount of b-Mg17Al12 phase in the microstructure of AM60 alloy. b-Mg17Al12 phases on the grain boundaries were refined with increasing amount of Ti. An improvement in wear resistance of AM60 alloy was observed due to the alteration in the microstructure by Ti addition.", keywords = "Magnesium alloy, titanium, SEM, wear. ", volume = "10", number = "6", pages = "767-5", }
