Gasoline and Diesel Production via Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt Based Catalyst
Performance of a cobalt doped sol-gel derived silica (Co/SiO2) catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in slurryphase reactor was studied using paraffin wax as initial liquid media. The reactive mixed gas, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in a molar ratio of 2:1, was flowed at 50 ml/min. Braunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) surface area and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to characterize both the specific surface area and crystallinity of the catalyst, respectively. The reduction behavior of Co/SiO2 catalyst was investigated using the Temperature Programmmed Reduction (TPR) method. Operating temperatures were varied from 493 to 533K to find the optimum conditions to maximize liquid fuels production, gasoline and diesel.
[1] M.E. Dry, "Fischer-Tropsch reactions and the environment," Applied
Catalysis A: General, vol. 189, pp. 185-190, Dec.1999.
[2] A.R. de la Osa, A. De Lucas, A. Romero, J.L. Valverde, and P. Sanchez,
"Fischer-Tropsch diesel production over calcium-promoted
Co/alumina catalyst: Effect of reaction conditions," Fuel , vol. 90, pp.
1935-1945, May 2011.
[3] K.J. Woo, S.H. Kang, S.M. Kim, J.W. Bae, and K.W. Jun, "Performance
of a slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis:
Determination of optimum condition," Fuel Processing Technology, vol.
91, pp. 434-439, Apr. 2010.
[4] B. Jager, "Development in Fischer-Tropsch technology," Stud. Surf. Sci.
Catal, Vol. 119, 1998.
[5] Andrei Y. Khodakov," Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Relations between
structure of cobalt catalysts and their catalytic performance," Catalysis
Today vol. 144, issue 3-4, pp. 251-257, Jun. 2009.
[6] A.Y. Khodakov, W. Chu, P. Fongarland . "Advance in the development
of Novel Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for Synthesis of Long-
Chain Hydrocarbons and clean Fuels," Chem. Rev.,vol. 107, pp. 1692-
1744, Jul.2007.
[7] F.E.M. Faris, F.R.C. Silva, S.J.M Cartaxo, F.A.N. Fernades and F.G.
Sales, "Effect of operating conditions on Fischer-Tropsch liquid
products," Latin American Applied Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp.283-
287.Oct.2007.
[8] L. Tian, C.F. Huo, D.B. Cao, Y. Yang, and et al., "Effects of reaction
conditions on iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: a kinetic Monte
Carlo study," Theochem, vol .941, pp.30-35. Feb. 2010.
[9] P.J. Van Berge and R.C.Everson. Studies in Surface Science and
Catalysis (Natural Gas Conversion IV). pp.207, 1997.
[10] M.A. Vannice, "The catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from H2/CO
mixtures over the Group VIII metals V. The catalytic behavior of silicasupportedmetals,"
Journal of Catalysis, vol. 50, issue 2, pp. 228-236.
Nov. 1997.
[11] H. Schulz, "Short history and present trends of Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 186, pp. 3-12, Oct. 1999.
[12] M.E. Dry, "The Fischer-Tropsch process: 1950-2000" Catalysis Today,
vol. 71, pp.227-241, Jan. 2002.
[13] R. Oukaci, A.H. Singleton, J.G. Goodwin, "Comparison of patented Co
F-T catalysts using fixed-bed and slurry bubble column reactors"
Applied Catalysis, vol. 186, issue 1-2, pp.129-144, Oct. 1999.
[14] F. Diehl, and A.Y. Khodakov, "Promotion of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch
Catalysts with Noble Metals: a Review," Oil Gas Sci. Technol.-Rev. IFP
vol. 64, no.1, pp.11-24, Nov. 2008.
[15] B. Viana de Sousaa, M. ucia Freire Rodriguesa, Leonardo Andres
Canob, and et al., "Study of the effect of cobalt content in obtaining
olefins and paraffins using the Fischer-Tropsch reaction," Catalysis
Today, vol. 172, pp.152- 157. Aug. 2011.
[16] J.H. Oh, J.W. Bae, S.J. Park, P.K. Khanna and K.W. Jun, " Slurry-Phase
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Co/╬│-Al2O3, Co/SiO2 and Co/TiO2:
Effect of Support on Catalyst Aggregation," Catal Lett, vol.130, pp.403-
409. May 2009.
[17] A. Martinez, C. Lopez, F. Marquez, and I. Diaz, "Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis of hydrocarbons over mesoporous Co/SBA-15 catalysts: the
influence of metal loading, cobalt precursor, and promoters," Journal of
Catalysis. Vol. 220, pp.486-499, Dec. 2003.
[18] L. Shi, D. Li, B.Hou, Y.Wang, and Y. Sun, "The modification of SiO2
by various organic groups and its influence on the properties of cobaltbased
catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 91, pp.394-398. Apr. 2010.
[19] Y. Zhang, M. Koike, R. Yang, S. Hinchiranan, and et al., ÔÇÿMultifunctional
alumina-silica bimodal pore catalyst and its application for
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General: vol. 292, pp.
252-258. Sep. 2005.
[20] Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, G. Yang, Y. Endo, and N. Tsubaki, "The solvent
effects during preparation of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts:
Improvement of reducibility, dispersion of supported cobalt and stability
of Catalyst," Catalysis Today, vol.142, pp. 85-89. Apr. 2009.
[21] Y. Liu, T. Hanaoka. M. Tomohisa, M., Kazuhisa, and et al., "Fischer -
Tropsch synthesis in slurry-phase reactors over Mn- and Zr-modified
Co/SiO2 catalysts," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, issues 7-8, pp.
901-908, Jul. 2009.
[22] B.C. Dunn, P. Cole, G.C. Turpin, Z. Ma, and et al., "Silica Aerogel
Supported Catalysts for Fischer - Tropsch Synthesis," Applied Catalysis
A: General, vol. 278, pp. 233-238, Jan. 2005.
[23] Cullity B.D. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, London.
1978.
[24] X. Zhou, Q. Chen, Y. Tao, and H. Weng, "Effect of vacuum
impregnation on the performance of Co/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst,"
Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 350-35, Jan. 2011.
[25] X. Sun, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang,and N. Tsubaki, "Reversible promotional
effect of SiO2 modification to Co/Al2O3 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 377, pp.134-139, Jan.
2010.
[26] W. Chu, P.A. Chernavskii, L. Gengembre, G.A. Pankina, and et al.,
"Cobalt species in promoted cobalt alumina-supported Fischer-Tropsch
catalysts" Journal of Catalysis, vol. 252, issue 2, pp.215-230, Dec. 2007.
[27] P. Arnoldy, and J.A. Moulijn, "Temperature-programmed reduction of
CoO/Al2O3 catalysts," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 93, pp. 38-54, May.
1985.
[28] D.I. Enache, M. Roy-Auberger, and R. Revel "Differences in the
characteristics and catalytic properties of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch
catalysts supported on zirconia and alumina," Applied. Catalysis A:
General, vol. 268, issue 1-2, pp. 51-60. Aug. 2004.
[29] S. Yuvaraj, L.F.Yuan, C. T. Huei, and Y. C.Tih, "Thermal
Decomposition of Metal Nitrates in Air and Hydrogen Environments," J.
Phys. Chem. B, vol. 107, pp.1044-1047. Jan. 2003.
[30] A. H. Kababji, B. Joseph, and J. T. Wolan, "Silica-Supported Cobalt
Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Effects of Calcination
Temperature and Support Surface Area on Cobalt Silicate Formation,"
Catal Lett, vol.130, pp. 72-78, Mar. 2009.
[31] E. van Steen, G.S. Sewel, R.A. Makhothe, C. Micklethwaite, and et
al., "TPR Study on the Preparation of Impregnated Co/SiO2 Catalysts,"
Journal of Catalysis, vol.162, pp. 220, Sep. 1996.
[32] I. Wender, "Reactions of synthesis gas," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 48, issue 3, pp.189-297. Sep. 1996.
[33] C. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Chang, H. Xiang, and Y. Li, "Factors influencing
the WGS reaction in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over iron-based
catalysts," unpublished.
[34] Y. Liu, B.T. Teng, X.H. Guo, Y.Li and et al., "Effect of reaction
conditions on the catalytic performance of Fe-Mn catalyst for Fischer-
Tropsch synthesis," Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol.
272, Issues 1-2, pp.182-190, Jul. 2007.
[35] F.E.M. Farias, F.G. Sales, and F.A.N. Fernandes, "Effect of operating
conditions and potassium content on Fischer-Tropsch liquid products
produced by potassium-promoted iron catalysts," Journal of Natural Gas
Chemistry, vol.17, issue 2, pp. 175-178. Jun.2008.
[1] M.E. Dry, "Fischer-Tropsch reactions and the environment," Applied
Catalysis A: General, vol. 189, pp. 185-190, Dec.1999.
[2] A.R. de la Osa, A. De Lucas, A. Romero, J.L. Valverde, and P. Sanchez,
"Fischer-Tropsch diesel production over calcium-promoted
Co/alumina catalyst: Effect of reaction conditions," Fuel , vol. 90, pp.
1935-1945, May 2011.
[3] K.J. Woo, S.H. Kang, S.M. Kim, J.W. Bae, and K.W. Jun, "Performance
of a slurry bubble column reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis:
Determination of optimum condition," Fuel Processing Technology, vol.
91, pp. 434-439, Apr. 2010.
[4] B. Jager, "Development in Fischer-Tropsch technology," Stud. Surf. Sci.
Catal, Vol. 119, 1998.
[5] Andrei Y. Khodakov," Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Relations between
structure of cobalt catalysts and their catalytic performance," Catalysis
Today vol. 144, issue 3-4, pp. 251-257, Jun. 2009.
[6] A.Y. Khodakov, W. Chu, P. Fongarland . "Advance in the development
of Novel Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for Synthesis of Long-
Chain Hydrocarbons and clean Fuels," Chem. Rev.,vol. 107, pp. 1692-
1744, Jul.2007.
[7] F.E.M. Faris, F.R.C. Silva, S.J.M Cartaxo, F.A.N. Fernades and F.G.
Sales, "Effect of operating conditions on Fischer-Tropsch liquid
products," Latin American Applied Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp.283-
287.Oct.2007.
[8] L. Tian, C.F. Huo, D.B. Cao, Y. Yang, and et al., "Effects of reaction
conditions on iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: a kinetic Monte
Carlo study," Theochem, vol .941, pp.30-35. Feb. 2010.
[9] P.J. Van Berge and R.C.Everson. Studies in Surface Science and
Catalysis (Natural Gas Conversion IV). pp.207, 1997.
[10] M.A. Vannice, "The catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from H2/CO
mixtures over the Group VIII metals V. The catalytic behavior of silicasupportedmetals,"
Journal of Catalysis, vol. 50, issue 2, pp. 228-236.
Nov. 1997.
[11] H. Schulz, "Short history and present trends of Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 186, pp. 3-12, Oct. 1999.
[12] M.E. Dry, "The Fischer-Tropsch process: 1950-2000" Catalysis Today,
vol. 71, pp.227-241, Jan. 2002.
[13] R. Oukaci, A.H. Singleton, J.G. Goodwin, "Comparison of patented Co
F-T catalysts using fixed-bed and slurry bubble column reactors"
Applied Catalysis, vol. 186, issue 1-2, pp.129-144, Oct. 1999.
[14] F. Diehl, and A.Y. Khodakov, "Promotion of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch
Catalysts with Noble Metals: a Review," Oil Gas Sci. Technol.-Rev. IFP
vol. 64, no.1, pp.11-24, Nov. 2008.
[15] B. Viana de Sousaa, M. ucia Freire Rodriguesa, Leonardo Andres
Canob, and et al., "Study of the effect of cobalt content in obtaining
olefins and paraffins using the Fischer-Tropsch reaction," Catalysis
Today, vol. 172, pp.152- 157. Aug. 2011.
[16] J.H. Oh, J.W. Bae, S.J. Park, P.K. Khanna and K.W. Jun, " Slurry-Phase
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Co/╬│-Al2O3, Co/SiO2 and Co/TiO2:
Effect of Support on Catalyst Aggregation," Catal Lett, vol.130, pp.403-
409. May 2009.
[17] A. Martinez, C. Lopez, F. Marquez, and I. Diaz, "Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis of hydrocarbons over mesoporous Co/SBA-15 catalysts: the
influence of metal loading, cobalt precursor, and promoters," Journal of
Catalysis. Vol. 220, pp.486-499, Dec. 2003.
[18] L. Shi, D. Li, B.Hou, Y.Wang, and Y. Sun, "The modification of SiO2
by various organic groups and its influence on the properties of cobaltbased
catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 91, pp.394-398. Apr. 2010.
[19] Y. Zhang, M. Koike, R. Yang, S. Hinchiranan, and et al., ÔÇÿMultifunctional
alumina-silica bimodal pore catalyst and its application for
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General: vol. 292, pp.
252-258. Sep. 2005.
[20] Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, G. Yang, Y. Endo, and N. Tsubaki, "The solvent
effects during preparation of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts:
Improvement of reducibility, dispersion of supported cobalt and stability
of Catalyst," Catalysis Today, vol.142, pp. 85-89. Apr. 2009.
[21] Y. Liu, T. Hanaoka. M. Tomohisa, M., Kazuhisa, and et al., "Fischer -
Tropsch synthesis in slurry-phase reactors over Mn- and Zr-modified
Co/SiO2 catalysts," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, issues 7-8, pp.
901-908, Jul. 2009.
[22] B.C. Dunn, P. Cole, G.C. Turpin, Z. Ma, and et al., "Silica Aerogel
Supported Catalysts for Fischer - Tropsch Synthesis," Applied Catalysis
A: General, vol. 278, pp. 233-238, Jan. 2005.
[23] Cullity B.D. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, London.
1978.
[24] X. Zhou, Q. Chen, Y. Tao, and H. Weng, "Effect of vacuum
impregnation on the performance of Co/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst,"
Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 20, pp. 350-35, Jan. 2011.
[25] X. Sun, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang,and N. Tsubaki, "Reversible promotional
effect of SiO2 modification to Co/Al2O3 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 377, pp.134-139, Jan.
2010.
[26] W. Chu, P.A. Chernavskii, L. Gengembre, G.A. Pankina, and et al.,
"Cobalt species in promoted cobalt alumina-supported Fischer-Tropsch
catalysts" Journal of Catalysis, vol. 252, issue 2, pp.215-230, Dec. 2007.
[27] P. Arnoldy, and J.A. Moulijn, "Temperature-programmed reduction of
CoO/Al2O3 catalysts," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 93, pp. 38-54, May.
1985.
[28] D.I. Enache, M. Roy-Auberger, and R. Revel "Differences in the
characteristics and catalytic properties of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch
catalysts supported on zirconia and alumina," Applied. Catalysis A:
General, vol. 268, issue 1-2, pp. 51-60. Aug. 2004.
[29] S. Yuvaraj, L.F.Yuan, C. T. Huei, and Y. C.Tih, "Thermal
Decomposition of Metal Nitrates in Air and Hydrogen Environments," J.
Phys. Chem. B, vol. 107, pp.1044-1047. Jan. 2003.
[30] A. H. Kababji, B. Joseph, and J. T. Wolan, "Silica-Supported Cobalt
Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Effects of Calcination
Temperature and Support Surface Area on Cobalt Silicate Formation,"
Catal Lett, vol.130, pp. 72-78, Mar. 2009.
[31] E. van Steen, G.S. Sewel, R.A. Makhothe, C. Micklethwaite, and et
al., "TPR Study on the Preparation of Impregnated Co/SiO2 Catalysts,"
Journal of Catalysis, vol.162, pp. 220, Sep. 1996.
[32] I. Wender, "Reactions of synthesis gas," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 48, issue 3, pp.189-297. Sep. 1996.
[33] C. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Chang, H. Xiang, and Y. Li, "Factors influencing
the WGS reaction in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over iron-based
catalysts," unpublished.
[34] Y. Liu, B.T. Teng, X.H. Guo, Y.Li and et al., "Effect of reaction
conditions on the catalytic performance of Fe-Mn catalyst for Fischer-
Tropsch synthesis," Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol.
272, Issues 1-2, pp.182-190, Jul. 2007.
[35] F.E.M. Farias, F.G. Sales, and F.A.N. Fernandes, "Effect of operating
conditions and potassium content on Fischer-Tropsch liquid products
produced by potassium-promoted iron catalysts," Journal of Natural Gas
Chemistry, vol.17, issue 2, pp. 175-178. Jun.2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:49839", author = "N. Choosri and N. Swadchaipong and T. Utistham and U. W. Hartley", title = "Gasoline and Diesel Production via Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt Based Catalyst", abstract = "Performance of a cobalt doped sol-gel derived silica (Co/SiO2) catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in slurryphase reactor was studied using paraffin wax as initial liquid media. The reactive mixed gas, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in a molar ratio of 2:1, was flowed at 50 ml/min. Braunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) surface area and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to characterize both the specific surface area and crystallinity of the catalyst, respectively. The reduction behavior of Co/SiO2 catalyst was investigated using the Temperature Programmmed Reduction (TPR) method. Operating temperatures were varied from 493 to 533K to find the optimum conditions to maximize liquid fuels production, gasoline and diesel.
", keywords = "Fischer Tropsch synthesis, slurry phase, Co/SiO2,
operating temperature.", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "1118-5", }
