Effect of Catalyst Preparation on the Performance of CaO-ZnO Catalysts for Transesterification
In this research, CaO-ZnO catalysts (with various
Ca:Zn atomic ratios of 1:5, 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1) prepared by incipientwetness
impregnation (IWI) and co-precipitation (CP) methods were
used as a catalyst in the transesterification of palm oil with methanol
for biodiesel production. The catalysts were characterized by several
techniques, including BET method, CO2-TPD, and Hemmett
Indicator. The effects of precursor concentration, and calcination
temperature on the catalytic performance were studied under reaction
conditions of a 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst,
reaction temperature of 60°C, and reaction time of 8 h. At Ca:Zn
atomic ratio of 1:3 gave the highest FAME value owing to a basic
properties and surface area of the prepared catalyst.
[1] Serio, M., Tesser, R., Pengmei, L., and Santacesaria, E. "Heterogeneous
Catalysts for Biodiesel Production". Energy & Fuels 2008:22:207-217.
[2] Harrington KJ. "Chemical and physical properties of vegetable oil esters
and their effect on diesel fuel performance". Biomass and energy
1986;9:1-17.
[3] USEPA. "A comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impacts on exhaust
emissions". Draft Technical Report. USEPA; 2002.
[4] Fangrui, M. and Hanna,M.A. "Biodiesel production: a review".
Bioresource Technology 1999:70(1):1-15.
[5] Knothe, G., Sharp, C.A., and Ryan, T.W. "Exhaust Emissions of
Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Neat Methyl Esters, and Alkanes in a New
Technology Engine". Energy & Fuels 2006:20:403-408.
[6] Demirbas, A. "Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in
supercritical methanol". Energy Conversion & Management
2002:43:2349-2356.
[7] Dizge, N., Aydiner, C., Imer, DY., Bayramoglu, M., Tanriseven, A.,
Keskinler, B. "Biodiesel production from sunflower, soybean, and waste
cooking oils by transesterification using lipase immobilized onto a novel
microporous polymer". Bioresource Technology 2009;100:1983-91.
[8] Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Piao, X. "Transesterification of
soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst". Fuel
2008;87:216-21.
[9] Shimada, Y., Watanabe, Y., Sugihara, A., Tominaga, Y. "Enzymatic
alcoholysis for biodiesel fuel production and application of the reaction
to oil processing". J Mol Catal B: Enzym 2002;17:133-42.
[10] Kulkarni, MG., Gopinath, R., Meher, LC., Dalai, AK. "Solid acid
catalyzed biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and
transesterification." Green Chem 2006;8:1056-62.
[11] Qian, WW., Yang, L., Lu, XP. "Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by
KF/CaO with ultrasonic". In: Zhuang X, editor. International conference
on biomass energy technologies. Guangzhou, China; 2008.
[12] Di Serio, M., Cozzolino, M., Tesser, R., Patrono, P., Pinzari, F., Bonelli,
B., et al. "Vanadyl phosphate catalysts in biodiesel production". Appl
Catal A 2007;320:1-7.
[13] Kawashima, A., Matsubara, K., Honda, K. "Acceleration of catalytic
activity of calcium oxide for biodiesel production". Bioresour Technol
2009;100:696-700.
[14] Sing, K. S. W. "Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with
special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity". Pure
and Applied Chemistry 1982: 54: 2201-18.
[15] Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Totarat, P., Bunyakiat, K. "Ca and Zn mixed
oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm
kernel oil". Appl Catal A 2008;341:77-85.
[16] Gorzawski, H., Hoelderich, W.F. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 179 (1999) 131-
137.
[17] Di serio, M., Ledda, M., Cozzolino, M., Minutillo, G., Tesser, R.,
Santacesaria, E. "Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by using
heterogeneous basic catalysts". Ind Eng Chem Res 2006:45:3009-14.
[18] Rubio, A.C.A., González, J.S., Robles, J.M.M., Tost, R.M., Alonso,
D.M., L├│pez, A.J., Torres, P.M. "Heterogeneous transesterification
processes by using CaO supported on zinc oxide as basic catalysts".
Catalysis Today: 149: 281-287.
[1] Serio, M., Tesser, R., Pengmei, L., and Santacesaria, E. "Heterogeneous
Catalysts for Biodiesel Production". Energy & Fuels 2008:22:207-217.
[2] Harrington KJ. "Chemical and physical properties of vegetable oil esters
and their effect on diesel fuel performance". Biomass and energy
1986;9:1-17.
[3] USEPA. "A comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impacts on exhaust
emissions". Draft Technical Report. USEPA; 2002.
[4] Fangrui, M. and Hanna,M.A. "Biodiesel production: a review".
Bioresource Technology 1999:70(1):1-15.
[5] Knothe, G., Sharp, C.A., and Ryan, T.W. "Exhaust Emissions of
Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Neat Methyl Esters, and Alkanes in a New
Technology Engine". Energy & Fuels 2006:20:403-408.
[6] Demirbas, A. "Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in
supercritical methanol". Energy Conversion & Management
2002:43:2349-2356.
[7] Dizge, N., Aydiner, C., Imer, DY., Bayramoglu, M., Tanriseven, A.,
Keskinler, B. "Biodiesel production from sunflower, soybean, and waste
cooking oils by transesterification using lipase immobilized onto a novel
microporous polymer". Bioresource Technology 2009;100:1983-91.
[8] Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Piao, X. "Transesterification of
soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst". Fuel
2008;87:216-21.
[9] Shimada, Y., Watanabe, Y., Sugihara, A., Tominaga, Y. "Enzymatic
alcoholysis for biodiesel fuel production and application of the reaction
to oil processing". J Mol Catal B: Enzym 2002;17:133-42.
[10] Kulkarni, MG., Gopinath, R., Meher, LC., Dalai, AK. "Solid acid
catalyzed biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and
transesterification." Green Chem 2006;8:1056-62.
[11] Qian, WW., Yang, L., Lu, XP. "Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by
KF/CaO with ultrasonic". In: Zhuang X, editor. International conference
on biomass energy technologies. Guangzhou, China; 2008.
[12] Di Serio, M., Cozzolino, M., Tesser, R., Patrono, P., Pinzari, F., Bonelli,
B., et al. "Vanadyl phosphate catalysts in biodiesel production". Appl
Catal A 2007;320:1-7.
[13] Kawashima, A., Matsubara, K., Honda, K. "Acceleration of catalytic
activity of calcium oxide for biodiesel production". Bioresour Technol
2009;100:696-700.
[14] Sing, K. S. W. "Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with
special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity". Pure
and Applied Chemistry 1982: 54: 2201-18.
[15] Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Totarat, P., Bunyakiat, K. "Ca and Zn mixed
oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm
kernel oil". Appl Catal A 2008;341:77-85.
[16] Gorzawski, H., Hoelderich, W.F. Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 179 (1999) 131-
137.
[17] Di serio, M., Ledda, M., Cozzolino, M., Minutillo, G., Tesser, R.,
Santacesaria, E. "Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by using
heterogeneous basic catalysts". Ind Eng Chem Res 2006:45:3009-14.
[18] Rubio, A.C.A., González, J.S., Robles, J.M.M., Tost, R.M., Alonso,
D.M., L├│pez, A.J., Torres, P.M. "Heterogeneous transesterification
processes by using CaO supported on zinc oxide as basic catalysts".
Catalysis Today: 149: 281-287.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:57550", author = "Pathravut Klinklom and Apanee Luengnaruemitchai and Samai Jai-In", title = "Effect of Catalyst Preparation on the Performance of CaO-ZnO Catalysts for Transesterification", abstract = "In this research, CaO-ZnO catalysts (with various
Ca:Zn atomic ratios of 1:5, 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1) prepared by incipientwetness
impregnation (IWI) and co-precipitation (CP) methods were
used as a catalyst in the transesterification of palm oil with methanol
for biodiesel production. The catalysts were characterized by several
techniques, including BET method, CO2-TPD, and Hemmett
Indicator. The effects of precursor concentration, and calcination
temperature on the catalytic performance were studied under reaction
conditions of a 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst,
reaction temperature of 60°C, and reaction time of 8 h. At Ca:Zn
atomic ratio of 1:3 gave the highest FAME value owing to a basic
properties and surface area of the prepared catalyst.", keywords = "CaO, ZnO, Biodiesel, Impregnation, Coprecipitation.", volume = "7", number = "4", pages = "184-6", }
