Applications of Drones in Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as drones, equipped with various kinds of advanced detecting or surveying systems, are effective and low-cost in data acquisition, data delivery and sharing, which can benefit the building of infrastructures. This paper will give an overview of applications of drones in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of infrastructures. The drone platform, detecting and surveying systems, and post-data processing systems will be introduced, followed by cases with details of the applications. Challenges from different aspects will be addressed. Opportunities of drones in infrastructure include but not limited to the following. Firstly, UAVs equipped with high definition cameras or other detecting equipment are capable of inspecting the hard to reach infrastructure assets. Secondly, UAVs can be used as effective tools to survey and map the landscape to collect necessary information before infrastructure construction. Furthermore, an UAV or multi-UVAs are useful in construction management. UVAs can also be used in collecting roads and building information by taking high-resolution photos for future infrastructure planning. UAVs can be used to provide reliable and dynamic traffic information, which is potentially helpful in building smart cities. The main challenges are: limited flight time, the robustness of signal, post data analyze, multi-drone collaboration, weather condition, distractions to the traffic caused by drones. This paper aims to help owners, designers, engineers and architects to improve the building process of infrastructures for higher efficiency and better performance.
[1] Peasgood, S. and Valentin, M., “Drones: a rising market: an industry to lift your returns.” Sophic Capital, pp.1-11, Sept., 2015.
[2] Shakhatreh, H., Sawalmeh, A., Al-Fuqaha, A., Dou, Z., Almaita, E., Khalil, I., Othman, N. S., Khreishah, A., and Guizani, M., “Unmanned aerial vehicles: A survey on civil applications and key research challenges.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.00881, submitted for publication.
[3] Sanchez-Robles, B., “Infrastructure investment and growth: Some empirical evidence.” Contemporary economic policy, vol.16, pp.98–108, Jan. 1998.
[4] Calderón, C. and Servén, L., The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution, The World Bank, Washington DC, 2004, pp.1-43.
[5] Bugs, G., Granell, C., Fonts, O., Huerta, J., and Painho, M., “An assessment of public participation GIS and web 2.0 technologies in urban planning practice in Canela, Brazil.” Cities, vol.27, pp.172–181, June 2010.
[6] Salvo, G., Caruso, L., and Scordo, A., “Urban traffic analysis through an UAV.” procedia: social & behavioral sciences, vol.111, pp.1083–1091, Feb. 2014.
[7] Lee, W.-H., Tseng, S.-S., and Shieh, W.-Y., “Collaborative real-time traffic information generation and sharing framework for the intelligent transportation system.” Information Sciences, vol.180, pp.62–70, Jan. 2010.
[8] Leduc, G., “Road traffic data: Collection methods and applications.” Working Papers on Energy, Transport and Climate Change, pp.1-55, 2008.
[9] Black, J. (2018). Urban transport planning: Theory and practice. Routledge, London, 2018, pp.1-252.
[10] Liu, P., Chen, A. Y., Huang, Y.-N., Han, J.-Y., Lai, J.-S., Kang, S.-C., Wu, T., Wen, M.-C., Tsai, M., “A review of rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developments and applications in civil engineering.” Smart Structure and Systems, vol.13, pp.1065–1094, Apr. 2014.
[11] Rusnák, M., Sládek, J., Kidová, A., and Lehotský, M., “Template for high-resolution river landscape mapping using UAV technology.” Measurement, vol.115, pp.139–151, Feb. 2018.
[12] Berie, H. T. and Burud, I., “Application of unmanned aerial vehicles in earth resources monitoring: focus on evaluating potentials for forest monitoring in Ethiopia.” European Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.51, pp.326–335, Feb. 2018.
[13] Hirose, M., Xiao, Y., Zuo, Z., Kamat, V. R., Zekkos, D., and Lynch, J., “Implementation of UAV localization methods for a mobile post-earthquake monitoring system.” In: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), pp.66–71.
[14] Meyer, D., Hess, M., Lo, E., Wittich, C. E., Hutchinson, T. C., and Kuester, F., “UAV-based post disaster assessment of cultural heritage sites following the 2014 South Napa earthquake.” Digital Heritage, vol. 2, 2015 IEEE, pp.421–424.
[15] Yamazaki, F., Matsuda, T., Denda, S., and Liu, W., “Construction of 3D models of buildings damaged by earthquakes using UAV aerial images.” Proceedings of the Tenth (2015) Pacific Conference. Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Pacific, pp. 6–8.
[16] Yamazaki, F. and Liu, W., “Remote sensing technologies for post-earthquake damage assessment: A case study on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake.” Keynote Lecture, 6th (2016) Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp.8.
[17] Ezequiel, C.A. F., Cua, M., Libatique, N.C., Tangonan, G. L., Alampay, R., Labuguen, R. T., Favila, C. M., Honrado, J. L. E., Canos, V., Devaney, C., et al., “UAV aerial imaging applications for post-disaster assessment, environmental management and infrastructure development”, in 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), IEEE, pp.274–283.
[18] Madrigal, A, “Inside the drone missions to Fukushima.” Retrieved April, 7, 2013. From https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/inside-the-drone-missions-to-fukushima/237981/
[19] Corcoran, M., “Drone journalism: Newsgathering applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in covering conflict, civil unrest and disaster”, pp 1-47, Jan. 2014.
[20] Zhang, G., Avery, R., and Wang, Y., “Video-based vehicle detection and classification system for real-time traffic data collection using uncalibrated video cameras.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, pp.138–147, Jan. 2007.
[21] Kosme, S. M., Sen, P. K., and Sahu, G., “A Review on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, vol.3, pp.18–22, Dec. 2015 .
[22] Wolshon, B., and Lambert, L. “Reversible Lane Systems: Synthesis of Practice.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol.132, pp.933–944, Dec, 2006.
[23] Wallner, M., and Pircher, M., “Kinematics of Movable Bridges.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol.12, pp. 147–153, Mar. 2007.
[24] Moeini, S., Oudjehane, A., Edition, S., Baker, T., and Hawkins, W., “Application of an interrelated UAS -BIM system for construction progress monitoring, inspection and project management.” PM World Journal, vol.6, pp.1–13 Aug.2017.
[25] Anwar, N., Najam, F., and Izhar, M. A., “Construction monitoring and reporting using drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).” The Tenth International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-10), July 2018.
[26] Knight, W., “New boss on construction sites is a drone.” MIT Technology review, Aug. 2015.
[27] Koon, M., “Construction of Sacramento kings arena using award-winning drone monitoring system developed at Illinois.” CEE News at Illinois, May 02, 2016.
[28] Dupont, Q. F., Chua, D. K., Tashrif, A., and Abbott, E. L., “Potential applications of UAV along the construction’s value chain.” Procedia Engineering, vol.182, pp.165–173, 2017.
[29] Yates, J. Productivity improvement for construction and engineering: Implementing programs that save money and time. ASCE Press, 2014, pp.1-8.
[30] Hubbard, B., Wang, H., Leasure, M., Ropp, T., Lofton, T., Hubbard, S., and Lin, S., “Feasibility study of UAV use for RFID material tracking on construction sites.” in 2015 Proceedings of 51st ASC Annual International Conference, pp.669–676.
[31] Gheisari, M., Irizarry, J., and Walker, B. N., “Uas4safety: the potential of unmanned aerial systems for construction safety applications.” in Proceedings of Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, pp.1801–1810.
[32] Mellinger, D., Shomin, M., Michael, N., and Kumar, V., “Cooperative grasping and transport using multiple quadrotors.” In 2013 collection of Distributed autonomous robotic systems, Springer, pp.545–558.
[33] Willmann, J., Augugliaro, F., Cadalbert, T., D’Andrea, R., Gramazio, F., and Kohler, M., “Aerial robotic construction towards a new field of architectural research.” International journal of architectural computing, vol.10, pp.439–459, Sep. 2012.
[34] Mattar, R. A., and Kalai, R., “Development of a wall-sticking drone for non-destructive ultrasonic and corrosion testing.” Drones, vol,2, pp.1-8, Feb.2018.
[35] Gopalakrishnan, K., Gholami, H., Vidyadharan, A., Choudhary, A., and Agrawal, A., “Crack damage detection in unmanned aerial vehicle images of civil infrastructure using pretrained deep learning model.” International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, vol.8, pp.1-14, Nov, 2017.
[36] Dorafshan, S., Maguire, M, Hoffer, N.V, Coopman, C., “Fatigue crack detection using unmanned aerial systems in under-bridge inspection.” Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications at Utah State University, pp.1–121, Aug. 2017.
[37] Mascareñas, D., Flynn, E., Todd, M., Park, G. and Farrar, C., “Wireless sensor technologies for monitoring civil structures.” Sound and Vibration, vol.42, pp. 16–20, 2008.
[38] Hallermann, N., and Morgenthal, G., “Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for the assessment of existing structures.” In proceedings of 2014 International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, pp.1-8.
[39] Henriques, M., and Roque, D., “Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a support to visual inspections of concrete dams.” In Proc. of 2nd Int. Dam World Conf., Lisbon, Portugal, LNEC, pp.1-12.
[40] “ICAO's circular 328 AN/190: Unmanned aircraft systems”. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Retrieved 3 February 2016.
[41] Rao, B., Gopi, A. G., and Maione, R., “The societal impact of commercial drones.” Technology in Society, vol.45, pp.83–90, Mar.2016.
[42] Nex, F. and Remondino, F., “UAV for 3D mapping applications: a review.” Applied Geomatics, vol.6, pp. 1–15, Nov.2013.
[43] FAA. “Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the national airspace system (NAS) roadmap.” 2013, Washington, DC, USA.
[44] Duque, L., Seo, J., and Wacker, J., “Synthesis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications for Infrastructures.” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol.32, pp.1–10, May.2018.
[45] González-Jorge, H., Martínez-Sánchez, J., Bueno, M., and Arias, P., “Unmanned aerial systems for civil applications: a review.” Drones, vol.1, pp.2, July.2017.
[46] Saeed, A. S., Younes, A. B., Cai, C., and Cai, G., “A survey of hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol.98, pp. 91-105, Apr. 2018.
[47] Maierhofer, C., Arndt, R., Röllig, M., Rieck, C., Walther, A., Scheel, H., and Hillemeier, B., “Application of impulse-thermography for non-destructive assessment of concrete structures.” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol.28pp.393–401, Apr. 2006.
[48] Mavromatidis, L., Dauvergne, J., Saleri, R., and Batsale, J.(2014) “First experiments for the diagnosis and thermophysical sampling using impulse IR thermography from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).” In Proceedings of 2014 QIRT Conf., Bordeaux, France, pp.1-8.
[49] Hamza, M., Jehangir, A., Ahmad, T., Sohail, A., and Naeem, M., “Design of surveillance drone with x-ray camera, ir camera and metal detector.” Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2017 Ninth International Conference on, IEEE, pp.111–114.
[50] Kang, D., and Cha, Y. J., “Autonomous UAVs for structural health monitoring using deep learning and an ultrasonic beacon system with geo-tagging.” Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol.33, pp.885-902, May. 2018.
[51] Jahanshahi, M. R., Kelly, J. S., Masri, S. F. and Sukhatme, G. S., “A survey and evaluation of promising approaches for automatic image- based defect detection of bridge structures.” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol.5, pp. 455–486, Aug. 2009.
[52] Pounds, P. E., Bersak, D. R., and Dollar, A. M., “Grasping from the air: Hovering capture and load stability.” In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 2491–2498.
[53] Griggs, F., “Historic structures: John A. Roebling’s Niagara river railroad suspension bridge-1855.” pp.60–61, June. 2016.
[54] Smisek Peter (2018),” The suspension bridge built by drones.” From https://www.theb1m.com/video/the-suspension-bridge-built-by-drones
[55] HighestBridges.com,” Daduhe Bridge Xingkang” From http://www.highestbridges.com/wiki/index.php?title=Daduhe_Bridge_Xingkang.
[56] Ali, B. S. “Traffic management for drones flying in the city.” The 22nd Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference at Coex, Seoul, South Korea, July, 2017.
[57] Otto, A., Agatz, N., Campbell, J., Golden, B., and Pesch, E., “Optimization approaches for civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or aerial drones: A survey.” Networks, vol.72, pp. 1–48, Mar. 2018.
[1] Peasgood, S. and Valentin, M., “Drones: a rising market: an industry to lift your returns.” Sophic Capital, pp.1-11, Sept., 2015.
[2] Shakhatreh, H., Sawalmeh, A., Al-Fuqaha, A., Dou, Z., Almaita, E., Khalil, I., Othman, N. S., Khreishah, A., and Guizani, M., “Unmanned aerial vehicles: A survey on civil applications and key research challenges.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.00881, submitted for publication.
[3] Sanchez-Robles, B., “Infrastructure investment and growth: Some empirical evidence.” Contemporary economic policy, vol.16, pp.98–108, Jan. 1998.
[4] Calderón, C. and Servén, L., The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution, The World Bank, Washington DC, 2004, pp.1-43.
[5] Bugs, G., Granell, C., Fonts, O., Huerta, J., and Painho, M., “An assessment of public participation GIS and web 2.0 technologies in urban planning practice in Canela, Brazil.” Cities, vol.27, pp.172–181, June 2010.
[6] Salvo, G., Caruso, L., and Scordo, A., “Urban traffic analysis through an UAV.” procedia: social & behavioral sciences, vol.111, pp.1083–1091, Feb. 2014.
[7] Lee, W.-H., Tseng, S.-S., and Shieh, W.-Y., “Collaborative real-time traffic information generation and sharing framework for the intelligent transportation system.” Information Sciences, vol.180, pp.62–70, Jan. 2010.
[8] Leduc, G., “Road traffic data: Collection methods and applications.” Working Papers on Energy, Transport and Climate Change, pp.1-55, 2008.
[9] Black, J. (2018). Urban transport planning: Theory and practice. Routledge, London, 2018, pp.1-252.
[10] Liu, P., Chen, A. Y., Huang, Y.-N., Han, J.-Y., Lai, J.-S., Kang, S.-C., Wu, T., Wen, M.-C., Tsai, M., “A review of rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developments and applications in civil engineering.” Smart Structure and Systems, vol.13, pp.1065–1094, Apr. 2014.
[11] Rusnák, M., Sládek, J., Kidová, A., and Lehotský, M., “Template for high-resolution river landscape mapping using UAV technology.” Measurement, vol.115, pp.139–151, Feb. 2018.
[12] Berie, H. T. and Burud, I., “Application of unmanned aerial vehicles in earth resources monitoring: focus on evaluating potentials for forest monitoring in Ethiopia.” European Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.51, pp.326–335, Feb. 2018.
[13] Hirose, M., Xiao, Y., Zuo, Z., Kamat, V. R., Zekkos, D., and Lynch, J., “Implementation of UAV localization methods for a mobile post-earthquake monitoring system.” In: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), pp.66–71.
[14] Meyer, D., Hess, M., Lo, E., Wittich, C. E., Hutchinson, T. C., and Kuester, F., “UAV-based post disaster assessment of cultural heritage sites following the 2014 South Napa earthquake.” Digital Heritage, vol. 2, 2015 IEEE, pp.421–424.
[15] Yamazaki, F., Matsuda, T., Denda, S., and Liu, W., “Construction of 3D models of buildings damaged by earthquakes using UAV aerial images.” Proceedings of the Tenth (2015) Pacific Conference. Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Pacific, pp. 6–8.
[16] Yamazaki, F. and Liu, W., “Remote sensing technologies for post-earthquake damage assessment: A case study on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake.” Keynote Lecture, 6th (2016) Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp.8.
[17] Ezequiel, C.A. F., Cua, M., Libatique, N.C., Tangonan, G. L., Alampay, R., Labuguen, R. T., Favila, C. M., Honrado, J. L. E., Canos, V., Devaney, C., et al., “UAV aerial imaging applications for post-disaster assessment, environmental management and infrastructure development”, in 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), IEEE, pp.274–283.
[18] Madrigal, A, “Inside the drone missions to Fukushima.” Retrieved April, 7, 2013. From https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/inside-the-drone-missions-to-fukushima/237981/
[19] Corcoran, M., “Drone journalism: Newsgathering applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in covering conflict, civil unrest and disaster”, pp 1-47, Jan. 2014.
[20] Zhang, G., Avery, R., and Wang, Y., “Video-based vehicle detection and classification system for real-time traffic data collection using uncalibrated video cameras.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, pp.138–147, Jan. 2007.
[21] Kosme, S. M., Sen, P. K., and Sahu, G., “A Review on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, vol.3, pp.18–22, Dec. 2015 .
[22] Wolshon, B., and Lambert, L. “Reversible Lane Systems: Synthesis of Practice.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol.132, pp.933–944, Dec, 2006.
[23] Wallner, M., and Pircher, M., “Kinematics of Movable Bridges.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol.12, pp. 147–153, Mar. 2007.
[24] Moeini, S., Oudjehane, A., Edition, S., Baker, T., and Hawkins, W., “Application of an interrelated UAS -BIM system for construction progress monitoring, inspection and project management.” PM World Journal, vol.6, pp.1–13 Aug.2017.
[25] Anwar, N., Najam, F., and Izhar, M. A., “Construction monitoring and reporting using drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).” The Tenth International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-10), July 2018.
[26] Knight, W., “New boss on construction sites is a drone.” MIT Technology review, Aug. 2015.
[27] Koon, M., “Construction of Sacramento kings arena using award-winning drone monitoring system developed at Illinois.” CEE News at Illinois, May 02, 2016.
[28] Dupont, Q. F., Chua, D. K., Tashrif, A., and Abbott, E. L., “Potential applications of UAV along the construction’s value chain.” Procedia Engineering, vol.182, pp.165–173, 2017.
[29] Yates, J. Productivity improvement for construction and engineering: Implementing programs that save money and time. ASCE Press, 2014, pp.1-8.
[30] Hubbard, B., Wang, H., Leasure, M., Ropp, T., Lofton, T., Hubbard, S., and Lin, S., “Feasibility study of UAV use for RFID material tracking on construction sites.” in 2015 Proceedings of 51st ASC Annual International Conference, pp.669–676.
[31] Gheisari, M., Irizarry, J., and Walker, B. N., “Uas4safety: the potential of unmanned aerial systems for construction safety applications.” in Proceedings of Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, pp.1801–1810.
[32] Mellinger, D., Shomin, M., Michael, N., and Kumar, V., “Cooperative grasping and transport using multiple quadrotors.” In 2013 collection of Distributed autonomous robotic systems, Springer, pp.545–558.
[33] Willmann, J., Augugliaro, F., Cadalbert, T., D’Andrea, R., Gramazio, F., and Kohler, M., “Aerial robotic construction towards a new field of architectural research.” International journal of architectural computing, vol.10, pp.439–459, Sep. 2012.
[34] Mattar, R. A., and Kalai, R., “Development of a wall-sticking drone for non-destructive ultrasonic and corrosion testing.” Drones, vol,2, pp.1-8, Feb.2018.
[35] Gopalakrishnan, K., Gholami, H., Vidyadharan, A., Choudhary, A., and Agrawal, A., “Crack damage detection in unmanned aerial vehicle images of civil infrastructure using pretrained deep learning model.” International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, vol.8, pp.1-14, Nov, 2017.
[36] Dorafshan, S., Maguire, M, Hoffer, N.V, Coopman, C., “Fatigue crack detection using unmanned aerial systems in under-bridge inspection.” Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications at Utah State University, pp.1–121, Aug. 2017.
[37] Mascareñas, D., Flynn, E., Todd, M., Park, G. and Farrar, C., “Wireless sensor technologies for monitoring civil structures.” Sound and Vibration, vol.42, pp. 16–20, 2008.
[38] Hallermann, N., and Morgenthal, G., “Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for the assessment of existing structures.” In proceedings of 2014 International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, pp.1-8.
[39] Henriques, M., and Roque, D., “Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a support to visual inspections of concrete dams.” In Proc. of 2nd Int. Dam World Conf., Lisbon, Portugal, LNEC, pp.1-12.
[40] “ICAO's circular 328 AN/190: Unmanned aircraft systems”. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Retrieved 3 February 2016.
[41] Rao, B., Gopi, A. G., and Maione, R., “The societal impact of commercial drones.” Technology in Society, vol.45, pp.83–90, Mar.2016.
[42] Nex, F. and Remondino, F., “UAV for 3D mapping applications: a review.” Applied Geomatics, vol.6, pp. 1–15, Nov.2013.
[43] FAA. “Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the national airspace system (NAS) roadmap.” 2013, Washington, DC, USA.
[44] Duque, L., Seo, J., and Wacker, J., “Synthesis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications for Infrastructures.” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol.32, pp.1–10, May.2018.
[45] González-Jorge, H., Martínez-Sánchez, J., Bueno, M., and Arias, P., “Unmanned aerial systems for civil applications: a review.” Drones, vol.1, pp.2, July.2017.
[46] Saeed, A. S., Younes, A. B., Cai, C., and Cai, G., “A survey of hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol.98, pp. 91-105, Apr. 2018.
[47] Maierhofer, C., Arndt, R., Röllig, M., Rieck, C., Walther, A., Scheel, H., and Hillemeier, B., “Application of impulse-thermography for non-destructive assessment of concrete structures.” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol.28pp.393–401, Apr. 2006.
[48] Mavromatidis, L., Dauvergne, J., Saleri, R., and Batsale, J.(2014) “First experiments for the diagnosis and thermophysical sampling using impulse IR thermography from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).” In Proceedings of 2014 QIRT Conf., Bordeaux, France, pp.1-8.
[49] Hamza, M., Jehangir, A., Ahmad, T., Sohail, A., and Naeem, M., “Design of surveillance drone with x-ray camera, ir camera and metal detector.” Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 2017 Ninth International Conference on, IEEE, pp.111–114.
[50] Kang, D., and Cha, Y. J., “Autonomous UAVs for structural health monitoring using deep learning and an ultrasonic beacon system with geo-tagging.” Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol.33, pp.885-902, May. 2018.
[51] Jahanshahi, M. R., Kelly, J. S., Masri, S. F. and Sukhatme, G. S., “A survey and evaluation of promising approaches for automatic image- based defect detection of bridge structures.” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol.5, pp. 455–486, Aug. 2009.
[52] Pounds, P. E., Bersak, D. R., and Dollar, A. M., “Grasping from the air: Hovering capture and load stability.” In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 2491–2498.
[53] Griggs, F., “Historic structures: John A. Roebling’s Niagara river railroad suspension bridge-1855.” pp.60–61, June. 2016.
[54] Smisek Peter (2018),” The suspension bridge built by drones.” From https://www.theb1m.com/video/the-suspension-bridge-built-by-drones
[55] HighestBridges.com,” Daduhe Bridge Xingkang” From http://www.highestbridges.com/wiki/index.php?title=Daduhe_Bridge_Xingkang.
[56] Ali, B. S. “Traffic management for drones flying in the city.” The 22nd Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference at Coex, Seoul, South Korea, July, 2017.
[57] Otto, A., Agatz, N., Campbell, J., Golden, B., and Pesch, E., “Optimization approaches for civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or aerial drones: A survey.” Networks, vol.72, pp. 1–48, Mar. 2018.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:79207", author = "Jin Fan and M. Ala Saadeghvaziri", title = "Applications of Drones in Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities", abstract = "Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as drones, equipped with various kinds of advanced detecting or surveying systems, are effective and low-cost in data acquisition, data delivery and sharing, which can benefit the building of infrastructures. This paper will give an overview of applications of drones in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of infrastructures. The drone platform, detecting and surveying systems, and post-data processing systems will be introduced, followed by cases with details of the applications. Challenges from different aspects will be addressed. Opportunities of drones in infrastructure include but not limited to the following. Firstly, UAVs equipped with high definition cameras or other detecting equipment are capable of inspecting the hard to reach infrastructure assets. Secondly, UAVs can be used as effective tools to survey and map the landscape to collect necessary information before infrastructure construction. Furthermore, an UAV or multi-UVAs are useful in construction management. UVAs can also be used in collecting roads and building information by taking high-resolution photos for future infrastructure planning. UAVs can be used to provide reliable and dynamic traffic information, which is potentially helpful in building smart cities. The main challenges are: limited flight time, the robustness of signal, post data analyze, multi-drone collaboration, weather condition, distractions to the traffic caused by drones. This paper aims to help owners, designers, engineers and architects to improve the building process of infrastructures for higher efficiency and better performance.
", keywords = "Bridge, construction, drones, infrastructure, information. ", volume = "13", number = "10", pages = "649-7", }
