Abstract: The H.264/AVC video coding standard contains a number of advanced features. Ones of the new features introduced in this standard is the multiple intramode prediction. Its function exploits directional spatial correlation with adjacent block for intra prediction. With this new features, intra coding of H.264/AVC offers a considerably higher improvement in coding efficiency compared to other compression standard, but computational complexity is increased significantly when brut force rate distortion optimization (RDO) algorithm is used. In this paper, we propose a new fast intra prediction mode decision method for the complexity reduction of H.264 video coding. for luma intra prediction, the proposed method consists of two step: in the first step, we make the RDO for four mode of intra 4x4 block, based the distribution of RDO cost of those modes and the idea that the fort correlation with adjacent mode, we select the best mode of intra 4x4 block. In the second step, we based the fact that the dominating direction of a smaller block is similar to that of bigger block, the candidate modes of 8x8 blocks and 16x16 macroblocks are determined. So, in case of chroma intra prediction, the variance of the chroma pixel values is much smaller than that of luma ones, since our proposed uses only the mode DC. Experimental results show that the new fast intra mode decision algorithm increases the speed of intra coding significantly with negligible loss of PSNR.
Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a class of
structural and functional related enzymes involved in altering the
natural elements of the extracellular matrix. Most of the MMP
structures are cristalographycally determined and published in
WorldWide ProteinDataBank, isolated, in full structure or bound to
natural or synthetic inhibitors. This study proposes an algorithm to
replace missing crystallographic structures in PDB database. We
have compared the results of a chosen docking algorithm with a
known crystallographic structure in order to validate enzyme sites
reconstruction there where crystallographic data are missing.
Abstract: An attempt has been made to develop a
seminumerical model to study temperature variations in dermal
layers of human limbs. The model has been developed for two
dimensional steady state case. The human limb has been assumed to
have elliptical cross section. The dermal region has been divided
into three natural layers namely epidermis, dermis and subdermal
tissues. The model incorporates the effect of important physiological
parameters like blood mass flow rate, metabolic heat generation, and
thermal conductivity of the tissues. The outer surface of the limb is
exposed to the environment and it is assumed that heat loss takes
place at the outer surface by conduction, convection, radiation, and
evaporation. The temperature of inner core of the limb also varies at
the lower atmospheric temperature. Appropriate boundary conditions
have been framed based on the physical conditions of the problem.
Cubic splines approach has been employed along radial direction and
Fourier series along angular direction to obtain the solution. The
numerical results have been computed for different values of
eccentricity resembling with the elliptic cross section of the human
limbs. The numerical results have been used to obtain the
temperature profile and to study the relationships among the various
physiological parameters.
Abstract: A new analysis of perceptual speech enhancement is
presented. It focuses on the fact that if only noise above the masking
threshold is filtered, then noise below the masking threshold, but
above the absolute threshold of hearing, can become audible after the
masker filtering. This particular drawback of some perceptual filters,
hereafter called the maskee-to-audible-noise (MAN) phenomenon,
favours the emergence of isolated tonals that increase musical noise.
Two filtering techniques that avoid or correct the MAN phenomenon
are proposed to effectively suppress background noise without introducing
much distortion. Experimental results, including objective
and subjective measurements, show that these techniques improve
the enhanced speech quality and the gain they bring emphasizes the
importance of the MAN phenomenon.
Abstract: Streamribbon is used to visualize the rotation of the
fluid flow. The rotation of flow is useful in fluid mechanics,
engineering and geophysics. This paper introduces the construction
technique of streamribbon using the streamline which is generated
based on the law of mass conservation. The accuracy of constructed
streamribbons is shown through two examples.
Abstract: The accelerated growth in aircraft industries desire
effectual schemes, programs, innovative designs of advanced systems
and facilities to accomplish the augmenting need for home-free air
transportation. In this paper, a contemporary conceptual design of a
cambered airfoil has been proposed in order to providing augmented
effective lift force relative to the airplane, and to eliminating
drawbacks and limitations of an airfoil in a commercial airplane by
using a kind of smart materials. This invention of an unsymmetrical
airfoil structure utilizes the amplified air momentum around the
airfoil and increased camber length to providing improved aircraft
performance and assist to enhancing the reliability of the aircraft
components. Moreover, this conjectured design helps to reducing
airplane weight and total drag.
Abstract: The accelerated growth in aircraft industries desire
effectual schemes, programs, innovative designs of advanced systems
to accomplishing the augmenting need for home-free air
transportation. In this paper, a contemporary conceptual design of an
airplane has been proposed without landing gear systems in order to
reducing accidents, time consumption, and to eliminating drawbacks
by using superconducting levitation phenomenon. This invention of
an airplane with superconductive material coating, on the solar plexus
region assist to reduce weight by approximately 4% of the total takeoff
weight, and cost effective. Moreover, we conjectured that
superconductor landing system reduces ground friction, mission fuel,
total drag, take-off and landing distance.
Abstract: We propose a control design scheme that aims to
prevent undesirable liquid outpouring and suppress sloshing during
the forward and backward tilting phases of the pouring process, for
the case of liquid containers carried by manipulators. The proposed
scheme combines a partial inverse dynamics controller with a PID
controller, tuned with the use of a “metaheuristic" search algorithm.
The “metaheuristic" search algorithm tunes the PID controller based
on simulation results of the plant-s linearization around the operating
point corresponding to the critical tilting angle, where outpouring
initiates. Liquid motion is modeled using the well-known pendulumtype
model. However, the proposed controller does not require
measurements of the liquid-s motion within the tank.
Abstract: The quantum mechanics simulation was applied for
calculating the interaction force between 2 molecules based on atomic level. For the simple extractive distillation system, it is ternary
components consisting of 2 closed boiling point components (A,lower boiling point and B, higher boiling point) and solvent (S). The
quantum mechanics simulation was used to calculate the intermolecular force (interaction force) between the closed boiling
point components and solvents consisting of intermolecular between
A-S and B-S.
The requirement of the promising solvent for extractive distillation
is that solvent (S) has to form stronger intermolecular force with only
one component than the other component (A or B). In this study, the
systems of aromatic-aromatic, aromatic-cycloparaffin, and paraffindiolefin
systems were selected as the demonstration for solvent
selection. This study defined new term using for screening the solvents called relative interaction force which is calculated from the
quantum mechanics simulation. The results showed that relative
interaction force gave the good agreement with the literature data
(relative volatilities from the experiment). The reasons are discussed. Finally, this study suggests that quantum mechanics results can improve the relative volatility estimation for screening the solvents leading to reduce time and money consuming
Abstract: A multiple-option analytical model for the evaluation of the energy performance and distribution of aerodynamic forces acting on a vertical-axis Darrieus wind turbine depending on both rotor architecture and operating conditions is presented. For this purpose, a numerical algorithm, capable of generating the desired rotor conformation depending on design geometric parameters, is coupled to a Single/Double-Disk Multiple-Streamtube Blade Element – Momentum code. Both single and double-disk configurations are analyzed and model predictions are compared to literature experimental data in order to test the capability of the code for predicting rotor performance. Effective airfoil characteristics based on local blade Reynolds number are obtained through interpolation of literature low-Reynolds airfoil databases. Some corrections are introduced inside the original model with the aim of simulating also the effects of blade dynamic stall, rotor streamtube expansion and blade finite aspect ratio, for which a new empirical relationship to better fit the experimental data is proposed. In order to predict also open field rotor operation, a freestream wind shear profile is implemented, reproducing the effect of atmospheric boundary layer.
Abstract: The study was a case study analysis about Thai Asia
Pacific Brewery Company. The purpose was to analyze the
company’s marketing objective, marketing strategy at company level,
and marketing mix before liquor liberalization in 2000. Methods used
in this study were qualitative and descriptive research approach
which demonstrated the following results of the study demonstrated
as follows: (1) Marketing objective was to increase market share of
Heineken and Amtel, (2) the company’s marketing strategies were
brand building strategy and distribution strategy. Additionally, the
company also conducted marketing mix strategy as follows. Product
strategy: The company added more beer brands namely Amstel and
Tiger to provide additional choice to consumers, product and
marketing research, and product development. Price strategy: the
company had taken the following into consideration: cost,
competitor, market, economic situation and tax. Promotion strategy:
the company conducted sales promotion and advertising. Distribution
strategy: the company extended channels its channels of distribution
into food shops, pubs and various entertainment places. This strategy
benefited interested persons and people who were engaged in the beer
business.
Abstract: While compressing text files is useful, compressing
still image files is almost a necessity. A typical image takes up much
more storage than a typical text message and without compression
images would be extremely clumsy to store and distribute. The
amount of information required to store pictures on modern
computers is quite large in relation to the amount of bandwidth
commonly available to transmit them over the Internet and
applications. Image compression addresses the problem of reducing
the amount of data required to represent a digital image. Performance
of any image compression method can be evaluated by measuring the
root-mean-square-error & peak signal to noise ratio. The method of
image compression that will be analyzed in this paper is based on the
lossy JPEG image compression technique, the most popular
compression technique for color images. JPEG compression is able to
greatly reduce file size with minimal image degradation by throwing
away the least “important" information. In JPEG, both color
components are downsampled simultaneously, but in this paper we
will compare the results when the compression is done by
downsampling the single chroma part. In this paper we will
demonstrate more compression ratio is achieved when the
chrominance blue is downsampled as compared to downsampling the
chrominance red in JPEG compression. But the peak signal to noise
ratio is more when the chrominance red is downsampled as compared
to downsampling the chrominance blue in JPEG compression. In
particular we will use the hats.jpg as a demonstration of JPEG
compression using low pass filter and demonstrate that the image is
compressed with barely any visual differences with both methods.
Abstract: The problem of robust disturbance rejection (RDR) using a proportional state feedback controller is studied for the case of Left Invertible MIMO generalized state space linear systems with nonlinear uncertain structure. Sufficient conditions for the problem to have a solution are established. The set of all proportional feedback controllers solving the problem subject to these conditions is analytically determined.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a Perceptually Optimized Foveation based Embedded ZeroTree Image Coder (POEFIC) that introduces a perceptual weighting to wavelet coefficients prior to control SPIHT encoding algorithm in order to reach a targeted bit rate with a perceptual quality improvement with respect to a given bit rate a fixation point which determines the region of interest ROI. The paper also, introduces a new objective quality metric based on a Psychovisual model that integrates the properties of the HVS that plays an important role in our POEFIC quality assessment. Our POEFIC coder is based on a vision model that incorporates various masking effects of human visual system HVS perception. Thus, our coder weights the wavelet coefficients based on that model and attempts to increase the perceptual quality for a given bit rate and observation distance. The perceptual weights for all wavelet subbands are computed based on 1) foveation masking to remove or reduce considerable high frequencies from peripheral regions 2) luminance and Contrast masking, 3) the contrast sensitivity function CSF to achieve the perceptual decomposition weighting. The new perceptually optimized codec has the same complexity as the original SPIHT techniques. However, the experiments results show that our coder demonstrates very good performance in terms of quality measurement.
Abstract: Transmission and distribution lines are vital links between the generating unit and consumers. They are exposed to atmosphere, hence chances of occurrence of fault in transmission line is very high which has to be immediately taken care of in order to minimize damage caused by it. In this paper Discrete wavelet transform of voltage signals at the two ends of transmission lines have been analyzed. The transient energy of the detail information of level five is calculated for different fault conditions. It is observed that the variation of transient energy of healthy and faulted line can give important information which can be very useful in classifying and locating the fault.
Abstract: Low temperature (LT) is one of the most abiotic
stresses causing loss of yield in wheat (T. aestivum). Four major
genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the dominant alleles
designated Vrn–A1,Vrn–B1,Vrn–D1 and Vrn4, are known to have
large effects on the vernalization response, but the effects on cold
hardiness are ambiguous. Poor cold tolerance has restricted winter
wheat production in regions of high winter stress [9]. It was known
that nearly all wheat chromosomes [5] or at least 10 chromosomes of
21 chromosome pairs are important in winter hardiness [15]. The
objective of present study was to clarify the role of each chromosome
in cold tolerance. With this purpose we used 20 isogenic lines of
wheat. In each one of these isogenic lines only a chromosome from
‘Bezostaya’ variety (a winter habit cultivar) was substituted to
‘Capple desprez’ variety. The plant materials were planted in
controlled conditions with 20º C and 16 h day length in moderately
cold areas of Iran at Karaj Agricultural Research Station in 2006-07
and the acclimation period was completed for about 4 weeks in a
cold room with 4º C. The cold hardiness of these isogenic lines was
measured by LT50 (the temperature in which 50% of the plants are
killed by freezing stress).The experimental design was completely
randomized block design (RCBD)with three replicates. The results
showed that chromosome 5A had a major effect on freezing
tolerance, and then chromosomes 1A and 4A had less effect on this
trait. Further studies are essential to understanding the importance of
each chromosome in controlling cold hardiness in wheat.
Abstract: A supervisory scheme is proposed that implements Stepwise Safe Switching Logic. The functionality of the supervisory scheme is organized in the following eight functional units: Step- Wise Safe Switching unit, Common controllers design unit, Experimentation unit, Simulation unit, Identification unit, Trajectory cruise unit, Operating points unit and Expert system unit. The supervisory scheme orchestrates both the off-line preparative actions, as well as the on-line actions that implement the Stepwise Safe Switching Logic. The proposed scheme is a generic tool, that may be easily applied for a variety of industrial control processes and may be implemented as an automation software system, with the use of a high level programming environment, like Matlab.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the video quality measure
estimation via a neural network. This latter predicts MOS (mean
opinion score) by providing height parameters extracted from
original and coded videos. The eight parameters that are used are: the
average of DFT differences, the standard deviation of DFT
differences, the average of DCT differences, the standard deviation
of DCT differences, the variance of energy of color, the luminance
Y, the chrominance U and the chrominance V. We chose Euclidean
Distance to make comparison between the calculated and estimated
output.
Abstract: A numerical study is presented on buckling and post
buckling behaviour of laminated carbon fiber reinforced plastic
(CFRP) thin-walled cylindrical shells under axial compression using
asymmetric meshing technique (AMT). Asymmetric meshing
technique is a perturbation technique to introduce disturbance without
changing geometry, boundary conditions or loading conditions.
Asymmetric meshing affects predicted buckling load, buckling mode
shape and post-buckling behaviour. Linear (eigenvalue) and nonlinear
(Riks) analyses have been performed to study the effect of
asymmetric meshing in the form of a patch on buckling behaviour.
The reduction in the buckling load using Asymmetric meshing
technique was observed to be about 15%. An isolated dimple formed
near the bifurcation point and the size of which increased to reach a
stable state in the post-buckling region. The load-displacement curve
behaviour applying asymmetric meshing is quite similar to the curve
obtained using initial geometric imperfection in the shell model.
Abstract: In this paper, delay-dependent stability analysis for
neutral type neural networks with uncertain paramters and
time-varying delay is studied. By constructing new
Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and dividing the delay interval into
multiple segments, a novel sufficient condition is established to
guarantee the globally asymptotically stability of the considered
system. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the
usefulness of the proposed main results.