Abstract: Tufting carpet is a very suitable substrate for growing
microorganism such as pathogenic microbes, due to the direct touch
with human body, long washing periods and laying on the floor; in
fact there are 3 major problems: To risk human health, Prepare bad
odors and Destruction of the products.. In the presented research, for
investigation of presence most common microbes on polyester
tufting, first goods laid in a public place (in the corridor fair) for 30
days and the existence of some microbes were investigate on it with
two methods of enrichment in nutrient environments such as
thioglycolate and noutrunt brath, and shake the dust off the polyester
tufting onto cultivation mediums such as blood agar and noutrunt
agar. After the microorganism colonics are grown, the colonies were
separated and six microbial tests such as cataloes and sitrat were
carried out in five phases on the colonics for identifying the varieties
of bacteria. As a result of tests, 5 type of bacteria, such as
Escherichia coli, staphylococcus saprophytic as were identified. Each
of the mentioned bacteria can be seriously harmful for the heath of
human.
Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to study of water
relations and chlorophyll in different wheat genotypes and their
correlations with grain and biological yields. 21 genotypes of bread
wheat were compared in a field experiment as randomized complete
blocks design with four replications. The results showed that relative
water deficit, relative water loss, excised leaf water retention, cell
membrane stability, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll,
grain yield and biological yield were different significantly among
wheat genotypes, but SPAD-chlorophyll index, relative water content
and chlorophyll florescence were not. Significant correlations were
not observed among above mentioned water relations and
chlorophyll characteristics with grain yield, but there was a positive
and significant correlation between biological yield and grain yield.
Abstract: Two group of kids (“Safflower cake" and “Control") were fed ad libitum with pelleted total mixed rations. After a 7-days adaptation period, the diet of the “Safflower cake" group were supplemented with 20% of safflower cake. The kids were slaughtered at 96 days of age. Dietary safflower cake did not affect the growth traits of kids. In addition, kids fed experimental diet showed a lower feed intake and consequently a better feed conversion ratio in comparison to the “Control" group. The use of safflower decreased the level of SFA and increased the level of MUFA in kid meat. The level of PUFA was higher in lipid extracted from animals feeding “Control“ diet even if the UFA level was lower. Furthermore, lipid extracted from animals feeding control diet contained more ω6 fatty acids in comparison to kids feeding experimental diet while the opposite trend was observed for the level of ω3 fatty acids. The ω6 to ω3 ratio was significantly affected by diet and in particular this ratio decreased in meat of kids fed experimental diet. Our results indicate that intramuscular fatty acid composition of kid meat can be improved from a human health perspective by inclusion of safflower cake in the diet.
Abstract: An experimental study is presented on the effect of
Conservation Agriculture (CA) compared to Conventional
Agriculture (ConvA) upon Maize Yield based on split-plot model.
Two factors have been considered: A Factor-Fertilization with two
variants: A1- N40P40 kg/ha and A2- N90P70 kg/ha; B Factor- Crop
protection with 4 variants : B1- 4 treatments, B2-3 treatments, B3- 2
treatments and B4- 1 treatment. In comparison with conventional
agriculture, CA determined lower maize yields. Fertilization is the
key factor determining a yield gain of 973.58 kg/ha in ConvA and
1,123.33 kg/ha in CA. A reduced number of treatments determined a
yield decline. The A-B interaction had a positive effect on maize
yield when a larger amount of fertilizer and 4 or 3 treatments were
applied in ConvA and a benefic in CA for highest fertilization level
and 2 treatments. The B2A2 ConvA variant was the most efficient
leading to 302.67 kg/ha gain while B3A2 CA variant brought 181.33
kg production gain.
Abstract: An attempt was made to study of nitrogen
components response of corn (Zea mays L.) to drought stress. A farm
research was done in RCBD as split-plot with four replications in
Khorramabad, west Iran. Drought stress levels as irrigation regimes
after 75 (control), 100, and 120 (stress) mm cumulative evaporation
were in main plots, and four seed corn varieties include 500 (medium
maturity), 647, 700, and 704 (long maturity) were as subplots.
Soluble protein, nitrate and proline amino acid were measured in
shoot and root at flowering stage, and grain yield was measured in
harvesting stage. As the drought progressed, the amount of nitrate
and proline followed an increasing trend, but soluble protein
decreased in shoot and root. The highest amount of nitrate and
proline was observed in longer maturity varieties than shorter ones,
but decrease yield of long maturity varieties was higher than medium
maturity varieties in drought condition, because of long duration of
stress.
Abstract: The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for
wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding
damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat
type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized
complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz,
Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed,
FGS and Azar2) at stages (Non- flooding stress, flooding at tillering
and stem elongation stages for 15 days) carried out in Faculty of
Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. During flooding,
soil environment of plant roots were water saturated. Analysis of
variance showed that flooding had a significant effect on the number
of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and a grain weight. Hence
flooding reduces the number of grain per spike between 27.1 to 42.5
percent, grain weight per spike between 34.7 to 54.4 percent and
single grain weight between 12.1 to 15.1 percent. Effects of flooding
at the tillering stage reduced higher than stem elongation stage on
studied traits. The result also showed that flooding at tillering stage
delayed spikelet primordial and floret. Between wheat cultivars was
significant for traits, but were different reactions. "Shiraz", "Zarin"
and "Shahriar" had the most no. grain per spike, but "Zarin" and
"Sardari" had the most grain weight per spike and single grain
weight, respectively. Also, interaction between start of flooding and
cultivar was significant.
Abstract: Thirty six samples from each (aerobic and anoxic)
activated sludge were collected from two wastewater treatment plants
with MBRs in Berlin, Germany. The samples were prepared for count
and definition of fungal isolates; these isolates were purified by
conventional techniques and identified by microscopic examination.
Sixty tow species belonging to 28 genera were isolated from
activated sludge samples under aerobic conditions (28 genera and 58
species) and anoxic conditions (26 genera and 52 species). The
obtained data show that, Aspergillus was found at 94.4% followed by
Penicillium 61.1 %, Fusarium (61.1 %), Trichoderma (44.4 %) and
Geotrichum candidum (41.6 %) species were the most prevalent in all
activated sludge samples. The study confirmed that fungi can thrive
in activated sludge and sporulation, but isolated in different numbers
depending on the effect of aeration system. Some fungal species in
our study are saprophytic, and other a pathogenic to plants and
animals.
Abstract: The study aimed to evaluated the reproductive performance response to short term oestrus synchronization during the transition period. One hundred and sixty-five indigenous multiparous non-lactating goats were subdivided into the following six treatment groups for oestrus synchronization: NT control Group (N= 30), Fe-21d, FGA vaginal sponge for 21days+eCG at 19thd; FPe- 11d, FGA 11d + PGF2α and eCG at 9th d; FPe-10d, FGA 10d+ PGF2α and eCG at 8th d; FPe-9d, FGA 9d +PGF2α and eCG at 7thd; PFe-5d, PGF2α at d0 + FGA 5d + eCG at 5thd. The goats were natural mated (1 male/6 females). Fecundity rates (n. births /n. females treated x 100) were statistically higher (P < 0.05) in short term FPe-9d (157.9%), FPe- 11d (115.4%), FPe-10d (111.1%) and PFe-5d (107.7%) groups compared to the NT control Group (66.7%).
Abstract: Fertilization plays an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the best fertilization system for wheat production. Experiments were arranged in a complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. The addition of compost or farm yard manure significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon in comparison to the chemical fertilizer. The dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure and compost treatments.
Abstract: Data on 657 lactation from 163 Maltese goat,
collected over a 5-year period were analyzed by a mixed model to
estimate the variance components for heritability. The considered
lactation traits were: milk yield (MY) and lactation length (LL). Year,
parity and type of birth (single or twin) were significant sources of
variation for lactation length; on the other hand milk yield was
significantly influenced only by the year. The average MY was
352.34 kg and the average LL was 230 days. Estimates of heritability
were 0.21 and 0.15 for MY and LL respectively. These values
suggest there is low correlation between genotype and phenotype so
it may be difficult to evaluate animals directly on phenotype. So, the
genetic improvement of this breed may be quite slow without the
support of progeny test aimed to select Maltese breeders.
Abstract: It is difficult to judge ripeness by outward
characteristics such as size or external color. In this paper a nondestructive
method was studied to determine watermelon (Crimson
Sweet) quality. Responses of samples to excitation vibrations were
detected using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) technology. Phase
shift between input and output vibrations were extracted overall
frequency range. First and second were derived using frequency
response spectrums. After nondestructive tests, watermelons were
sensory evaluated. So the samples were graded in a range of ripeness
based on overall acceptability (total desired traits consumers).
Regression models were developed to predict quality using obtained
results and sample mass. The determination coefficients of the
calibration and cross validation models were 0.89 and 0.71
respectively. This study demonstrated feasibility of information
which is derived vibration response curves for predicting fruit
quality. The vibration response of watermelon using the LDV method
is measured without direct contact; it is accurate and timely, which
could result in significant advantage for classifying watermelons
based on consumer opinions.
Abstract: Data from 1731 Gentile di Puglia lambs, sired by 65 rams over a 5-year period were analyzed by a mixed model to estimate the variance components for heritability. The considered growth traits were: birth weight (BW), weight at 30 days of age (W30) and average daily gain from birth to 30 days of age (DG). Year of birth, sex of lamb, type of birth (single or twin), dam age at lambing and farm were significant sources of variation for all the considered growth traits. The average lamb weights were 3.85±0.16 kg at birth, 9.57±0.91 kg at 30 days of age and the average daily gain was 191±14 g. Estimates of heritability were 0.33±0.05, 0.41±0.06 and 0.16±0.05 respectively for the same traits. These values suggest there is a good opportunity to improve Gentile di Puglia lambs by selecting animals for growth traits.
Abstract: Goat milk has an hypoallergenic effects, and allergic
diseases related to abnormal of intestinal flora. Probiotic microorganisms
do exert an activity on the immune system in the skin of
the individual.The purpose of this study are to determine the number
of leukocyte and lymphocyte proliferation in rat supplemented with
fermented goat milk (acidophilus milk and kefir) and sensitized with
dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Female Wistar rats 6-8 weeks olds
were divided into 3 treatment groups. The first group supplemented
goat milk kefir, second group acidophilus goat milk, and third group
as control. During 28-day experiment, on day 15 rat sensitized with
allergen DNCB on the dorsal of the body, and on day 24 was
challenged with DNCB on the ear. Sampling of blood and tissue of
intestinal Peyer'patch (PP) were performed on day 14 (before DNCB
sensitized) and on day 28 (after DNCB sensitized). The results
showed the number of neutrophils in rats supplemented with
acidophilus milk was higher (P