Trapping Efficiency of Diesel Particles Through a Square Duct
Diesel Engines emit complex mixtures of inorganic
and organic compounds in the form of both solid and vapour phase
particles. Most of the particulates released are ultrafine nanoparticles
which are detrimental to human health and can easily enter the body
by respiration. The emissions standards on particulate matter release
from diesel engines are constantly upgraded within the European
Union and with future regulations based on the particles numbers
released instead of merely mass, the need for effective aftertreatment
devices will increase. Standard particulate filters in the form of wall
flow filters can have problems with high soot accumulation,
producing a large exhaust backpressure. A potential solution would
be to combine the standard filter with a flow through filter to reduce
the load on the wall flow filter. In this paper soot particle trapping has
been simulated in different continuous flow filters of monolithic
structure including the use of promoters, at laminar flow conditions.
An Euler Lagrange model, the discrete phase model in Ansys used
with user defined functions for forces acting on particles. A method
to quickly screen trapping of 5 nm and 10 nm particles in different
catalysts designs with tracers was also developed.
Simulations of square duct monoliths with promoters show that the
strength of the vortices produced are not enough to give a high
amount of particle deposition on the catalyst walls. The smallest
particles in the simulations, 5 and 10 nm particles were trapped to a
higher extent, than larger particles up to 1000 nm, in all studied
geometries with the predominant deposition mechanism being
Brownian diffusion. The comparison of the different filters designed
with a wall flow filter does show that the options for altering a design
of a flow through filter, without imposing a too large pressure drop
penalty are good.
[1] M.Votsmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff, Automobile Exhaust Control,
Ullmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,
<http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com?
[2] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Particulate Matter, www.dielsel.net, 2010-1-22.
[3] J.E. Johnson, D. B. Kittelson, Depositon, diffusion and adsorption in the
diesel oxidation catalyst, Applied CatalysisB: Environmental 10 (1996),
pp. 117-137.
[4] R.R. Hayes, S.T. Kolaczkowski, "Introduction to catalytic combution",
Gordon&Breach, New York, 1997.
[5] M.Votosmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff , G. Lepperhoff, Automobile
Exhaust Control. Ullmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry<http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com>
[6] Kalla http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php.
[7] A.M.Hochhauser, Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels, Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 2010-01-20,
<http://www.interscience. wiley.com>
[8] M.Zhen, S. Banerjee, Diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter
modelling in active Flow configurations, Applied Thermal
Enmgineering 29 (2009) 3021-3035.
[9] J.Uchisawa, A. Obuchi, A. Ohi, T. Nanba, N. Nakayama, Activity of
catalysts supported on heat-resistant ceramic cloth for diesel soot
oxidation, Power Technology 180 (2008) 39-44.
[10] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, www. Dieselnet.com. 2009.
[11] Schaefer-Sindlingera, I. Lappasa, C.C. Vogta, et al, Efficient material
design for diesel particulate filters, Topics in Catalysis Vols. 42-43,
2007.
[12] L. Andreassi, S. Cordiner, V. Mulone, M. Presti, A mixed numericalexperimental
analysis procedure for non-blocking metal supported soot
trap design. SAE 2002-01-2782), 2002.
[13] W.A. Majewski, Flow-Through Filters, www. Dieselnet. Com, 2009.
[14] B. Andersson, R. Andersson, L. Hakansson, et al, Computational Fluid
Dynamics for Chemical Enginers, fifth edition, Gothenburg, 2009.
[15] M. Sommerfield, B.Wan Wachem, R. Oliemans, (eds), Best Practice
Guidelines for CFD of Dispersed Multiphase Flows
(ERCOFTAC/SIAMUF, Goteborg, 2008).
[16] R. Bruck, P. Hirth, M. Reizig, Metal Supported Flow-Through
Particulate Trap; a Non-Blocking Solution, SAE 2001-01-1950, 2001.
[1] M.Votsmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff, Automobile Exhaust Control,
Ullmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,
<http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com?
[2] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Particulate Matter, www.dielsel.net, 2010-1-22.
[3] J.E. Johnson, D. B. Kittelson, Depositon, diffusion and adsorption in the
diesel oxidation catalyst, Applied CatalysisB: Environmental 10 (1996),
pp. 117-137.
[4] R.R. Hayes, S.T. Kolaczkowski, "Introduction to catalytic combution",
Gordon&Breach, New York, 1997.
[5] M.Votosmeier, T. Kreuzer, J. Gieshioff , G. Lepperhoff, Automobile
Exhaust Control. Ullmann-s Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry<http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com>
[6] Kalla http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php.
[7] A.M.Hochhauser, Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels, Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 2010-01-20,
<http://www.interscience. wiley.com>
[8] M.Zhen, S. Banerjee, Diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter
modelling in active Flow configurations, Applied Thermal
Enmgineering 29 (2009) 3021-3035.
[9] J.Uchisawa, A. Obuchi, A. Ohi, T. Nanba, N. Nakayama, Activity of
catalysts supported on heat-resistant ceramic cloth for diesel soot
oxidation, Power Technology 180 (2008) 39-44.
[10] W.A. Majewski, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, www. Dieselnet.com. 2009.
[11] Schaefer-Sindlingera, I. Lappasa, C.C. Vogta, et al, Efficient material
design for diesel particulate filters, Topics in Catalysis Vols. 42-43,
2007.
[12] L. Andreassi, S. Cordiner, V. Mulone, M. Presti, A mixed numericalexperimental
analysis procedure for non-blocking metal supported soot
trap design. SAE 2002-01-2782), 2002.
[13] W.A. Majewski, Flow-Through Filters, www. Dieselnet. Com, 2009.
[14] B. Andersson, R. Andersson, L. Hakansson, et al, Computational Fluid
Dynamics for Chemical Enginers, fifth edition, Gothenburg, 2009.
[15] M. Sommerfield, B.Wan Wachem, R. Oliemans, (eds), Best Practice
Guidelines for CFD of Dispersed Multiphase Flows
(ERCOFTAC/SIAMUF, Goteborg, 2008).
[16] R. Bruck, P. Hirth, M. Reizig, Metal Supported Flow-Through
Particulate Trap; a Non-Blocking Solution, SAE 2001-01-1950, 2001.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:64531", author = "Francis William S and Imtiaz Ahmed Choudhury and Ananda Kumar Eriki and A. John Rajan", title = "Trapping Efficiency of Diesel Particles Through a Square Duct", abstract = "Diesel Engines emit complex mixtures of inorganic
and organic compounds in the form of both solid and vapour phase
particles. Most of the particulates released are ultrafine nanoparticles
which are detrimental to human health and can easily enter the body
by respiration. The emissions standards on particulate matter release
from diesel engines are constantly upgraded within the European
Union and with future regulations based on the particles numbers
released instead of merely mass, the need for effective aftertreatment
devices will increase. Standard particulate filters in the form of wall
flow filters can have problems with high soot accumulation,
producing a large exhaust backpressure. A potential solution would
be to combine the standard filter with a flow through filter to reduce
the load on the wall flow filter. In this paper soot particle trapping has
been simulated in different continuous flow filters of monolithic
structure including the use of promoters, at laminar flow conditions.
An Euler Lagrange model, the discrete phase model in Ansys used
with user defined functions for forces acting on particles. A method
to quickly screen trapping of 5 nm and 10 nm particles in different
catalysts designs with tracers was also developed.
Simulations of square duct monoliths with promoters show that the
strength of the vortices produced are not enough to give a high
amount of particle deposition on the catalyst walls. The smallest
particles in the simulations, 5 and 10 nm particles were trapped to a
higher extent, than larger particles up to 1000 nm, in all studied
geometries with the predominant deposition mechanism being
Brownian diffusion. The comparison of the different filters designed
with a wall flow filter does show that the options for altering a design
of a flow through filter, without imposing a too large pressure drop
penalty are good.", keywords = "Diesel Engine trap, thermophoresis, Exhaust pipe,
PM-Simulation modeling.", volume = "6", number = "10", pages = "2290-6", }