Traffic Signal Design and Simulation for Vulnerable Road Users Safety and Bus Preemption
Mostly, pedestrian-car accidents occurred at a
signalized interaction is because pedestrians cannot across the
intersection safely within the green light. From the viewpoint of
pedestrian, there might have two reasons. The first one is pedestrians
cannot speed up to across the intersection, such as the elders. The other
reason is pedestrians do not sense that the signal phase is going to
change and their right-of-way is going to lose. Developing signal logic
to protect pedestrian, who is crossing an intersection is the first
purpose of this study. Another purpose of this study is improving the
reliability and reduce delay of public transportation service. Therefore,
bus preemption is also considered in the designed signal logic. In this
study, the traffic data of the intersection of Chong-Qing North Road
and Min-Zu West Road, Taipei, Taiwan, is employed to calibrate and
validate the signal logic by simulation. VISSIM 5.20, which is a
microscopic traffic simulation software, is employed to simulate the
signal logic. From the simulated results, the signal logic presented in
this study can protect pedestrians crossing the intersection
successfully. The design of bus preemption can reduce the average
delay. However, the pedestrian safety and bus preemptive signal will
influence the average delay of cars largely. Thus, whether applying the
pedestrian safety and bus preemption signal logic to an isolated
intersection or not should be evaluated carefully.
[1] D. M. Zaidel and I. Hocherman, "Safety of Pedestrian Crossing at
Signalized Intersections," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1141, 1987, pp.1-6.
[2] T. F. Fugger, B. C.Randles, A. C. Stein, W. C. Whiting, and B. Gallagher,
"Analysis of Pedestrian Gait and Perception-Reaction at
Signal-Controlled Crosswalk Intersections," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
1705, 2000, pp.20-25.
[3] R. Hughes, H. Huang, C. Zegeer, and M. Cynecki, Evaluation of
Automated Pedestrian Detection at Signalized Intersections, Federal
Highway Administration, 2001.
[4] T. Y. El-Reedy and R. Ashworth, "The Effect of Bus Detection on the
Performance of a Traffic Signal Controlled Intersection," Transport. Res.,
Vol. 12, 1978, pp.337-342.
[5] S. R. Seward and R. N. Taube, "Methodology for Evaluating
Bus-Actuated, Signal-Preemption Systems," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
630, 1977, pp.11-17.
[6] R. J. Salter and J. Shahi, "Prediction of Effects of Bus-Priority Schemes
by Using Computer Simulation Techniques," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
718, 1979, pp.1-12.
[7] G. Abu-Lebdeh and R. Benekohal, Development of a Traffic Control and
Queue Management Procedure for Oversaturated Arterials," Paper
presented at the 76th Transportation Research Board Annual meeting,
1997.
[8] H. Lo, "A Cell-based Traffic Control Formulation: Strategies and
Benefits of Dynamic Timing Plans. Transportation Science," Transport.
Sci., Vol. 35, 2001, pp.148-164.
[9] D. A. Roozemond, "Using intelligent agents for pro-active, real-time
urban intersection control," Euro. J. Oper. Res., Vol. 131, 2001,
pp.293-301.
[10] Traffic Control Systems Handbook, Federal Highway Administration,
2005.
[11] G.-S. Lin, P. Liang, P. Schonfeld and R. Larson, Adaptive Control of
Transit Operations, Federal Transit Administration, 1995.
[12] G. Franco and F. Biora, Public Transport Priority Systems: Opportunities
and Recommendations, MIZAR Automazions SpA,
http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/primavera/deliv_6.html.
[13] A. David, and A. Benevelli, E. R. Jamie and W. Hurley, "Evaluation of a
Bus Preemption Strategy by Use of Computer Simulation," Transport.
Res. Rec., Vol.906, 1983, pp.60-67.
[14] M. Yedlin, and E. B. Lieberman, "Analytic and Simulation Studies of
Factors that Influence Bus-Signal-Priority Strategies," Transport. Res.
Rec., Vol. 798, 1981, pp. 26-29.
[15] G.-L. Chang, M. Vasudevan and C.-C. Su, "Bus-Preemption Under
Adaptive Signal Control Environments," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1494,
1995, pp.146-154.
[16] G.-L. Chang, M. Vasudevan and C.-C. Su, "Modelling and Evaluation
Adaptive Bus-Preemption Control With and Without Automatic Vehicle
Location Systems," Transport. Res. A, Vol. 30, 1996, pp. 251-268.
[17] B. Johansson, "Bus Priority Systems in Sweden, Proc. of the International
Conference on Advanced Technologies in Transportation and Traffic
Management," Proc. Int. Conf. Advanced Tech. Transport. Traffic
Manage., Singapore, 1994, pp.195-202.
[18] T.-P. Hsu, H.-J. Cho and Y.-T. Wu, "Modeling and Evaluation of Bus
Preemption Signal Control on Bus Lane with Near-side Bus Stop," Paper
presented at 82th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board,
Washington, D. C., 2003.
[19] B. L. Bowman, and R. L. Vecellio, "Effect of Urban and Suburban
Median Types on Both Vehicular and Pedestrian Safety," Transport. Res.
Rec., Vol. 1445, 1994, pp. 169-179.
[20] A. Coffin and J. Morrall, "Walking Speeds of Elderly Pedestrians at
Crosswalks," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1487, 1995, pp.63-67.
[21] T. J. Gates, D. A. Noyce, A. R. Bill and N. Van Ee, "Recommended
Walking Speeds for Pedestrian Clearance Timing Based on Pedestrian
Characteristics," Paper presented at the 85th annual Transportation
Research Board meeting, Washington, D. C., 2006.
[22] VISSIM 5.20 User Manual, Germany´╝ÜPTV, 2009.
[1] D. M. Zaidel and I. Hocherman, "Safety of Pedestrian Crossing at
Signalized Intersections," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1141, 1987, pp.1-6.
[2] T. F. Fugger, B. C.Randles, A. C. Stein, W. C. Whiting, and B. Gallagher,
"Analysis of Pedestrian Gait and Perception-Reaction at
Signal-Controlled Crosswalk Intersections," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
1705, 2000, pp.20-25.
[3] R. Hughes, H. Huang, C. Zegeer, and M. Cynecki, Evaluation of
Automated Pedestrian Detection at Signalized Intersections, Federal
Highway Administration, 2001.
[4] T. Y. El-Reedy and R. Ashworth, "The Effect of Bus Detection on the
Performance of a Traffic Signal Controlled Intersection," Transport. Res.,
Vol. 12, 1978, pp.337-342.
[5] S. R. Seward and R. N. Taube, "Methodology for Evaluating
Bus-Actuated, Signal-Preemption Systems," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
630, 1977, pp.11-17.
[6] R. J. Salter and J. Shahi, "Prediction of Effects of Bus-Priority Schemes
by Using Computer Simulation Techniques," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol.
718, 1979, pp.1-12.
[7] G. Abu-Lebdeh and R. Benekohal, Development of a Traffic Control and
Queue Management Procedure for Oversaturated Arterials," Paper
presented at the 76th Transportation Research Board Annual meeting,
1997.
[8] H. Lo, "A Cell-based Traffic Control Formulation: Strategies and
Benefits of Dynamic Timing Plans. Transportation Science," Transport.
Sci., Vol. 35, 2001, pp.148-164.
[9] D. A. Roozemond, "Using intelligent agents for pro-active, real-time
urban intersection control," Euro. J. Oper. Res., Vol. 131, 2001,
pp.293-301.
[10] Traffic Control Systems Handbook, Federal Highway Administration,
2005.
[11] G.-S. Lin, P. Liang, P. Schonfeld and R. Larson, Adaptive Control of
Transit Operations, Federal Transit Administration, 1995.
[12] G. Franco and F. Biora, Public Transport Priority Systems: Opportunities
and Recommendations, MIZAR Automazions SpA,
http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/primavera/deliv_6.html.
[13] A. David, and A. Benevelli, E. R. Jamie and W. Hurley, "Evaluation of a
Bus Preemption Strategy by Use of Computer Simulation," Transport.
Res. Rec., Vol.906, 1983, pp.60-67.
[14] M. Yedlin, and E. B. Lieberman, "Analytic and Simulation Studies of
Factors that Influence Bus-Signal-Priority Strategies," Transport. Res.
Rec., Vol. 798, 1981, pp. 26-29.
[15] G.-L. Chang, M. Vasudevan and C.-C. Su, "Bus-Preemption Under
Adaptive Signal Control Environments," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1494,
1995, pp.146-154.
[16] G.-L. Chang, M. Vasudevan and C.-C. Su, "Modelling and Evaluation
Adaptive Bus-Preemption Control With and Without Automatic Vehicle
Location Systems," Transport. Res. A, Vol. 30, 1996, pp. 251-268.
[17] B. Johansson, "Bus Priority Systems in Sweden, Proc. of the International
Conference on Advanced Technologies in Transportation and Traffic
Management," Proc. Int. Conf. Advanced Tech. Transport. Traffic
Manage., Singapore, 1994, pp.195-202.
[18] T.-P. Hsu, H.-J. Cho and Y.-T. Wu, "Modeling and Evaluation of Bus
Preemption Signal Control on Bus Lane with Near-side Bus Stop," Paper
presented at 82th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board,
Washington, D. C., 2003.
[19] B. L. Bowman, and R. L. Vecellio, "Effect of Urban and Suburban
Median Types on Both Vehicular and Pedestrian Safety," Transport. Res.
Rec., Vol. 1445, 1994, pp. 169-179.
[20] A. Coffin and J. Morrall, "Walking Speeds of Elderly Pedestrians at
Crosswalks," Transport. Res. Rec., Vol. 1487, 1995, pp.63-67.
[21] T. J. Gates, D. A. Noyce, A. R. Bill and N. Van Ee, "Recommended
Walking Speeds for Pedestrian Clearance Timing Based on Pedestrian
Characteristics," Paper presented at the 85th annual Transportation
Research Board meeting, Washington, D. C., 2006.
[22] VISSIM 5.20 User Manual, Germany´╝ÜPTV, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:64938", author = "Shih-Ching Lo and Hsieh-Chu Huang", title = "Traffic Signal Design and Simulation for Vulnerable Road Users Safety and Bus Preemption", abstract = "Mostly, pedestrian-car accidents occurred at a
signalized interaction is because pedestrians cannot across the
intersection safely within the green light. From the viewpoint of
pedestrian, there might have two reasons. The first one is pedestrians
cannot speed up to across the intersection, such as the elders. The other
reason is pedestrians do not sense that the signal phase is going to
change and their right-of-way is going to lose. Developing signal logic
to protect pedestrian, who is crossing an intersection is the first
purpose of this study. Another purpose of this study is improving the
reliability and reduce delay of public transportation service. Therefore,
bus preemption is also considered in the designed signal logic. In this
study, the traffic data of the intersection of Chong-Qing North Road
and Min-Zu West Road, Taipei, Taiwan, is employed to calibrate and
validate the signal logic by simulation. VISSIM 5.20, which is a
microscopic traffic simulation software, is employed to simulate the
signal logic. From the simulated results, the signal logic presented in
this study can protect pedestrians crossing the intersection
successfully. The design of bus preemption can reduce the average
delay. However, the pedestrian safety and bus preemptive signal will
influence the average delay of cars largely. Thus, whether applying the
pedestrian safety and bus preemption signal logic to an isolated
intersection or not should be evaluated carefully.", keywords = "vulnerable road user, bus preemption, signal design.", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "1952-6", }