Thermophysical and Heat Transfer Performance of Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet-Based Water Nanofluids in an Annular Heat Exchanger
The new design of heat exchangers utilizing an
annular distributor opens a new gateway for realizing higher energy
optimization. To realize this goal, graphene nanoplatelet-based water
nanofluids with promising thermophysical properties were
synthesized in the presence of covalent and noncovalent
functionalization. Thermal conductivity, density, viscosity and
specific heat capacity were investigated and employed as a raw data
for ANSYS-Fluent to be used in two-phase approach. After
validation of obtained results by analytical equations, two special
parameters of convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop
were investigated. The study followed by studying other heat transfer
parameters of annular pass in the presence of graphene nanopletelesbased
water nanofluids at different weight concentrations, input
powers and temperatures. As a result, heat transfer performance and
friction loss are predicted for both synthesized nanofluids.
[1] B. Barbés, R. Páramo, E. Blanco, C. Casanova, Thermal conductivity
and specific heat capacity measurements of CuO nanofluids, J. Therm.
Anal. Calorim. 115 (2) (2014) 1883–1891.
[2] G. Roy, C.T. Nguyen, P.-R. Lajoie, Numerical investigation of laminar
flow and heat transfer in a radial flow cooling system with the use of
nanofluids, Superlattice. Microst. 35 (3) (2004) 497–511.
[3] K. Khanafer, K. Vafai, M. Lightstone, Buoyancy-driven heat transfer
enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids, Int. J.
Heat Mass Transf. 46 (19) (2003) 3639–3653.
[4] A. Akbarinia, A. Behzadmehr, Numerical study of laminar mixed
convection of a nanofluid in horizontal curved tubes, Appl. Therm. Eng.
27 (8) (2007) 1327–1337.
[5] A. Akbarinia, R. Laur, Investigating the diameter of solid particles
effects on a laminar nanofluid flow in a curved tube using a two phase
approach, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 (4) (2009) 706–714.
[6] F. Talebi, A.H. Mahmoudi, M. Shahi, Numerical study of mixed
convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37 (1) (2010) 79–90.
[7] M. Shahi, A.H. Mahmoudi, F. Talebi, Numerical study of mixed
convective cooling in a square cavity ventilated and partially heated
from the below utilizing nanofluid, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37
(2) (2010) 201–213.
[8] L.S. Sundar, K. Sharma, Turbulent heat transfer and friction factor of
Al2O3 nanofluid in circular tube with twisted tape inserts, Int. J. Heat
Mass Transf. 53 (7) (2010) 1409–1416.
[9] Y. Xuan, Q. Li, Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids, Int. J. Heat
Fluid Flow 21 (1) (2000) 58–64.
[10] A. Amiri, M. Shanbedi, H. Yarmand, H.K. Arzani, S. Gharehkhani, E.
Montazer, R. Sadri, W. Sarsam, B. Chew, S. Kazi, Laminar convective
heat transfer of hexylamine-treated MWCNTs-based turbine oil
nanofluid, Energy Convers. Manag. 105 (2015) 355–367.
[11] M. Shanbedi, D. Jafari, A. Amiri, S.Z. Heris, M. Baniadam, Prediction
of temperature performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon using
artificial neural network, Heat Mass Transf. 49 (1) (2013) 65–73.
[12] M. Manninen, V. Taivassalo, S. Kallio, On the Mixture Model for
Multiphase Flow, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1996.
[13] L.M. Crowe, D.S. Reid, J.H. Crowe, Is trehalose special for preserving
dry biomaterials? Biophys. J. 71 (4) (1996) 2087.
[14] M. Ishii, Thermo-fluid dynamic theory of two-phase flow, NASA
STI/Recon Technical Report A, 75 1975, p. 29657.
[15] H.-K. Xu, Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive
mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (1) (2004) 279–291.
[16] R. Lotfi, Y. Saboohi, A. Rashidi, Numerical study of forced convective
heat transfer of nanofluids: comparison of different approaches, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37 (1) (2010) 74–78.
[17] V. Bianco, F. Chiacchio, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical investigation
of nanofluids forced convection in circular tubes, Appl. Therm. Eng. 29
(17) (2009) 3632–3642.
[18] S. Mirmasoumi, A. Behzadmehr, Effect of nanoparticles mean diameter
on mixed convection heat transfer of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube,
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 29 (2) (2008) 557–566.
[19] S. Mirmasoumi, A. Behzadmehr, Numerical study of laminar mixed
convection of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube using two-phase mixture
model, Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (7) (2008) 717–727.
[20] E. Abu-Nada, H.F. Oztop, Effects of inclination angle on natural
convection in enclosures filled with Cu–water nanofluid, Int. J. Heat
Fluid Flow 30 (4) (2009) 669–678.
[21] M. Izadi, A. Behzadmehr, D. Jalali-Vahida, Numerical study of
developing laminar forced convection of a nanofluid in an annulus, Int.
J. Therm. Sci. 48 (11) (2009) 2119–2129.
[22] E. Abu-Nada, Z. Masoud, A. Hijazi, Natural convection heat transfer
enhancement in horizontal concentric annuli using nanofluids, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 35 (5) (2008) 657–665.
[23] T.M. Shih, Numerical Heat Transfer, CRC Press, 1984.
[24] B.E. Launder, D. Spalding, The numerical computation of turbulent
flows, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 3 (2) (1974) 269–289.
[25] G.H. Ko, K. Heo, K. Lee, D.S. Kim, C. Kim, Y. Sohn, M. Choi, An
experimental study on the pressure drop of nanofluids containing carbon
nanotubes in a horizontal tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 50 (23 –24)
(2007) 4749–4753.
[26] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, M. Shanbedi, G. Ahmadi, B. Chew, S. Kazi, M.
Dahari, Performance dependence of thermosyphon on the
functionalization approaches: an experimental study on thermo-physical
properties of graphene nanoplatelet-based water nanofluids, Energy
Convers. Manag. 92 (2015) 322–330.
[27] S.S.J. Aravind, P. Baskar, T.T. Baby, R.K. Sabareesh, S. Das, S.
Ramaprabhu, Investigation of structural stability, dispersion, viscosity,
and conductive heat transfer properties of functionalized carbon
nanotube based nanofluids, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (34) (2011) 16737–
16744.
[28] N. Jha, S. Ramaprabhu, Synthesis and thermal conductivity of copper
nanoparticle decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes based nanofluids,
J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (25) (2008) 9315 –9319.
[29] M. Shanbedi, A. Amiri, S. Rashidi, S.Z. Heris, M. Baniadam, Thermal
performance prediction of two-phase closed thermosyphon using
adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Heat Transfer Eng. 36 (3) (2015)
315–324.
[30] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, G. Ahmadi, B. Chew, S. Kazi, M. Shanbedi, M.
Sadat Alehashem, Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-functionalized
multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a microwave-assisted approach for
improved heat dissipation, RSC Adv. 5 (45) (2015) 35425–35434.
[31] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, M. Shanbedi, G. Ahmadi, S. Kazi, B. Chew, M.N.M
Zubir, Synthesis of ethylene glycol-treated Graphene Nanoplatelets with
one-pot, microwave assisted functionalization for use as a high
performance engine coolant, Energy Convers. Manag. 101 (2015) 767 –
777.
[32] K. Solangi, S. Kazi, M. Luhur, A. Badarudin, A. Amiri, R. Sadri,
M.N.M. Zubir, S. Gharehkhani, K. Teng, A comprehensive review of
thermo-physical properties and convective heat transfer to nanofluids,
Energy 89 (2015) 1065 –1086.
[33] Y. Wang, Z. Iqbal, S. Mitra, Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed
carbon nanotubes at high concentration, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (1)
(2006) 95 –99.
[1] B. Barbés, R. Páramo, E. Blanco, C. Casanova, Thermal conductivity
and specific heat capacity measurements of CuO nanofluids, J. Therm.
Anal. Calorim. 115 (2) (2014) 1883–1891.
[2] G. Roy, C.T. Nguyen, P.-R. Lajoie, Numerical investigation of laminar
flow and heat transfer in a radial flow cooling system with the use of
nanofluids, Superlattice. Microst. 35 (3) (2004) 497–511.
[3] K. Khanafer, K. Vafai, M. Lightstone, Buoyancy-driven heat transfer
enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids, Int. J.
Heat Mass Transf. 46 (19) (2003) 3639–3653.
[4] A. Akbarinia, A. Behzadmehr, Numerical study of laminar mixed
convection of a nanofluid in horizontal curved tubes, Appl. Therm. Eng.
27 (8) (2007) 1327–1337.
[5] A. Akbarinia, R. Laur, Investigating the diameter of solid particles
effects on a laminar nanofluid flow in a curved tube using a two phase
approach, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30 (4) (2009) 706–714.
[6] F. Talebi, A.H. Mahmoudi, M. Shahi, Numerical study of mixed
convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37 (1) (2010) 79–90.
[7] M. Shahi, A.H. Mahmoudi, F. Talebi, Numerical study of mixed
convective cooling in a square cavity ventilated and partially heated
from the below utilizing nanofluid, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37
(2) (2010) 201–213.
[8] L.S. Sundar, K. Sharma, Turbulent heat transfer and friction factor of
Al2O3 nanofluid in circular tube with twisted tape inserts, Int. J. Heat
Mass Transf. 53 (7) (2010) 1409–1416.
[9] Y. Xuan, Q. Li, Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids, Int. J. Heat
Fluid Flow 21 (1) (2000) 58–64.
[10] A. Amiri, M. Shanbedi, H. Yarmand, H.K. Arzani, S. Gharehkhani, E.
Montazer, R. Sadri, W. Sarsam, B. Chew, S. Kazi, Laminar convective
heat transfer of hexylamine-treated MWCNTs-based turbine oil
nanofluid, Energy Convers. Manag. 105 (2015) 355–367.
[11] M. Shanbedi, D. Jafari, A. Amiri, S.Z. Heris, M. Baniadam, Prediction
of temperature performance of a two-phase closed thermosyphon using
artificial neural network, Heat Mass Transf. 49 (1) (2013) 65–73.
[12] M. Manninen, V. Taivassalo, S. Kallio, On the Mixture Model for
Multiphase Flow, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1996.
[13] L.M. Crowe, D.S. Reid, J.H. Crowe, Is trehalose special for preserving
dry biomaterials? Biophys. J. 71 (4) (1996) 2087.
[14] M. Ishii, Thermo-fluid dynamic theory of two-phase flow, NASA
STI/Recon Technical Report A, 75 1975, p. 29657.
[15] H.-K. Xu, Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive
mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (1) (2004) 279–291.
[16] R. Lotfi, Y. Saboohi, A. Rashidi, Numerical study of forced convective
heat transfer of nanofluids: comparison of different approaches, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 37 (1) (2010) 74–78.
[17] V. Bianco, F. Chiacchio, O. Manca, S. Nardini, Numerical investigation
of nanofluids forced convection in circular tubes, Appl. Therm. Eng. 29
(17) (2009) 3632–3642.
[18] S. Mirmasoumi, A. Behzadmehr, Effect of nanoparticles mean diameter
on mixed convection heat transfer of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube,
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 29 (2) (2008) 557–566.
[19] S. Mirmasoumi, A. Behzadmehr, Numerical study of laminar mixed
convection of a nanofluid in a horizontal tube using two-phase mixture
model, Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (7) (2008) 717–727.
[20] E. Abu-Nada, H.F. Oztop, Effects of inclination angle on natural
convection in enclosures filled with Cu–water nanofluid, Int. J. Heat
Fluid Flow 30 (4) (2009) 669–678.
[21] M. Izadi, A. Behzadmehr, D. Jalali-Vahida, Numerical study of
developing laminar forced convection of a nanofluid in an annulus, Int.
J. Therm. Sci. 48 (11) (2009) 2119–2129.
[22] E. Abu-Nada, Z. Masoud, A. Hijazi, Natural convection heat transfer
enhancement in horizontal concentric annuli using nanofluids, Int.
Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 35 (5) (2008) 657–665.
[23] T.M. Shih, Numerical Heat Transfer, CRC Press, 1984.
[24] B.E. Launder, D. Spalding, The numerical computation of turbulent
flows, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 3 (2) (1974) 269–289.
[25] G.H. Ko, K. Heo, K. Lee, D.S. Kim, C. Kim, Y. Sohn, M. Choi, An
experimental study on the pressure drop of nanofluids containing carbon
nanotubes in a horizontal tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 50 (23 –24)
(2007) 4749–4753.
[26] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, M. Shanbedi, G. Ahmadi, B. Chew, S. Kazi, M.
Dahari, Performance dependence of thermosyphon on the
functionalization approaches: an experimental study on thermo-physical
properties of graphene nanoplatelet-based water nanofluids, Energy
Convers. Manag. 92 (2015) 322–330.
[27] S.S.J. Aravind, P. Baskar, T.T. Baby, R.K. Sabareesh, S. Das, S.
Ramaprabhu, Investigation of structural stability, dispersion, viscosity,
and conductive heat transfer properties of functionalized carbon
nanotube based nanofluids, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (34) (2011) 16737–
16744.
[28] N. Jha, S. Ramaprabhu, Synthesis and thermal conductivity of copper
nanoparticle decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes based nanofluids,
J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (25) (2008) 9315 –9319.
[29] M. Shanbedi, A. Amiri, S. Rashidi, S.Z. Heris, M. Baniadam, Thermal
performance prediction of two-phase closed thermosyphon using
adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Heat Transfer Eng. 36 (3) (2015)
315–324.
[30] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, G. Ahmadi, B. Chew, S. Kazi, M. Shanbedi, M.
Sadat Alehashem, Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-functionalized
multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a microwave-assisted approach for
improved heat dissipation, RSC Adv. 5 (45) (2015) 35425–35434.
[31] A. Amiri, R. Sadri, M. Shanbedi, G. Ahmadi, S. Kazi, B. Chew, M.N.M
Zubir, Synthesis of ethylene glycol-treated Graphene Nanoplatelets with
one-pot, microwave assisted functionalization for use as a high
performance engine coolant, Energy Convers. Manag. 101 (2015) 767 –
777.
[32] K. Solangi, S. Kazi, M. Luhur, A. Badarudin, A. Amiri, R. Sadri,
M.N.M. Zubir, S. Gharehkhani, K. Teng, A comprehensive review of
thermo-physical properties and convective heat transfer to nanofluids,
Energy 89 (2015) 1065 –1086.
[33] Y. Wang, Z. Iqbal, S. Mitra, Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed
carbon nanotubes at high concentration, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (1)
(2006) 95 –99.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:72064", author = "Hamed K. Arzani and Ahmad Amiri and Hamid K. Arzani and Salim Newaz Kazi and Ahmad Badarudin", title = "Thermophysical and Heat Transfer Performance of Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet-Based Water Nanofluids in an Annular Heat Exchanger", abstract = "The new design of heat exchangers utilizing an
annular distributor opens a new gateway for realizing higher energy
optimization. To realize this goal, graphene nanoplatelet-based water
nanofluids with promising thermophysical properties were
synthesized in the presence of covalent and noncovalent
functionalization. Thermal conductivity, density, viscosity and
specific heat capacity were investigated and employed as a raw data
for ANSYS-Fluent to be used in two-phase approach. After
validation of obtained results by analytical equations, two special
parameters of convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop
were investigated. The study followed by studying other heat transfer
parameters of annular pass in the presence of graphene nanopletelesbased
water nanofluids at different weight concentrations, input
powers and temperatures. As a result, heat transfer performance and
friction loss are predicted for both synthesized nanofluids.", keywords = "Heat transfer, nanofluid, turbulent flow, forced
convection flow, graphene nanoplatelet.", volume = "10", number = "2", pages = "193-8", }
