Thermal and Visual Performance of Solar Control Film
The use of solar control film on windows as one of
solar passive strategies for building have becoming important and is
gaining recognition. Malaysia located close to equator is having
warm humid climate with long sunshine hours and abundant solar
radiation throughout the year. Hence, befitting solar control on
windows is absolutely necessary to capture the daylight whilst
moderating thermal impact and eliminating glare problems. This is
one of the energy efficient strategies to achieve thermal and visual
comfort in buildings. Therefore, this study was carried out to
investigate the effect of window solar controls on thermal and visual
performance of naturally ventilated buildings. This was conducted via
field data monitoring using a test building facility. Four types of
window glazing systems were used with three types of solar control
films. Data were analysed for thermal and visual impact with
reference to thermal and optical characteristics of the films. Results
show that for each glazing system, the surface temperature of
windows are influenced by the Solar Energy Absorption property, the
indoor air temperature are influenced by the Solar Energy
Transmittance and Solar Energy Reflectance, and the daylighting by
Visible Light Transmission and Shading Coefficient. Further
investigations are underway to determine the mathematical relation
between thermal energy and visual performance with the thermal and
optical characteristics of solar control films.
[1] Burberry, Peter (2004). "Environment and Building Service", Mc-Graw
Hill, 9th Edition, Singapore.
[2] Gregg, Ander and Faia. Southern California Edition. "Window and
Glazing", Retrieved 18 November 2011.
http://www.wbdg.org/design/windows.php
[3] G.K. Oral, Z. Yilmaz (2002). "The Limit U Values for Building
Envelope Related to Building Form in Temperate and Cold Climate
Zone" Building and Environment, vol. 37, pp. 1173-1180.
[4] Windows, Light and Heat Gain (2009). Retrieved 10 July 2011.
http://www.oberline.edu/physics/Scofield/p268/library/Ch-
06%20Windows.pdf
[5] M. Nikpour, M.Z. Kandar, M. Ghasemi, H. Fallah (2011). "Study of The
Effectiveness of Solar Heat Gain and Day light Factors on Minimizing
Electricity Use in High rise Buildings" World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, pp. 73-77.
[6] ASHRAE 1980, "ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980 Energy Conservation in
New Building Design", American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning, Atlanta.
[7] V.V. Verma, B.M. Suman (2000). "Simple Method for Design of
External Shading for Windows in Air-Conditioned Buildings",
Architectural Science Review, vol. 43, pp. 37-44.
[8] N. Ibrahim (2006). "Design Process Strategies and Methods for
Achieving Energy Efficient Air-Conditioned Office Buildings in
Malaysia", PhD, Faculty of Built Environment Art and Design,
University Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
[9] Portal Rasmi Jabatan METEOROLOGI Malaysia (JMM), Iklim
Malaysia. Retrieved 1 May 2011. http://www.met.gov.my
[10] A. Ahmad and A.Kasbani (2003). "The Development of Preliminary
Energy Benchmarking for Office Building in Malaysia" International
Symposium on Renewable Energy, pp. 865-872.
[11] Suruhanjaya Tenaga (2005), "Building Energy Performance in
Malaysia", EE Seminar-How to take advantage of it, Kuala Lumpur.
[12] A.L.S. Chan (1994). "Development of Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
Operation of Fully Air-Conditioned Building in Hong Kong", MPhil
Thesis, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
[13] J.C. Lam, D.H.W. Li (1999). "An Analysis of Daylighting and Solar
Heat for Cooling Dominated Office Buildings", Journal of Solar
Energy, vol. 65, pp. 251-262.
[14] V.H.C. Crisp (1978). "The Light Switch in Building", Lighting
Research and Technology, vol. 10(2), pp. 69-82.
[15] J.C. Lam, D.H.W. Li (2001). "Evaluation of Lighting Performance in
Office Buildings with Daylighting Controls", Energy and Building, vol.
33(8), pp. 793-803.
[16] D.H.W. Li, J.C. Lam, S.L. Wong (2002). "Daylighting and its
Implications to Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
Determination", Energy, vol.27, pp.991-1008.
[17] T.T. Chow, Z. Lin, W. He, A.L.S. Chan and K.F. Fong (2006). "Use of
Ventilated Solar Screen Window in Warm Climate", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 1910-1918.
[18] M. Wilson, J.H. Walker, M. Santamouris and S. Jaure (2002). "Design
Process for Energy Efficient New and Refurbished Housing", University
of North London Publication.
[19] K.A.R Ismail, C.T. Salinas, J.R. Henriquez (2009). "A Comparative
Study of Naturally Ventilated and Gas Filled Windows for Hot
Climates", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 1691-
1703.
[20] K.A.R. Ismail, J.R. Henriquez (2003). "Modeling and Simulation of A
Simple Glass Window", Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 80, pp.
355-374.
[21] M.G. Rivera, G. Alverez, I.B. Morrison, J. Xaman (2011). "Appraisal of
Thermal Performance of A Glazed Office with A Solar Control Coating:
Case in Mexico and Canada", Building and Environment, vol. 46, pp.
1223-1233.
[22] C. Genaro, A. Rafael (2004). "Copper Based Thin Films to Improve
Glazing for Energy Savings in Building", Solar Energy, vol.76, pp. 111-
115.
[23] D. Feuermann, A. Novoplasky (1998). "Revesible Low Solar Heat Gain
Windows for Energy Saving", Solar Energy, vol. 62(3), pp. 169-175.
[24] A.M. Whaad, N.M. Adam, S.M. Sapuan, R. Saidur (2010). "Effect of
Selected Shading Devices on Office Room Temperature", International
Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 5(2), pp. 236-
243.
[25] Y. Etzion, E. Erell (2000). "Controlling the Transmission of Radiant
Energy Through Windows: A Novel Ventilated Reversible Glazing
System", Journal of Building and Environment, vol. 35, pp. 433-444.
[26] N. Mehlika, Inanici, Demirbilek (2000). "Thermal Performance
Optimization of Building Aspect Ratio and South Window Size in Five
Cities Having Different Climatic Characteristics of Turkey", Journal of
Building and Environment, vol. 35, pp. 41-52.
[27] Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws. MDC Publishers Printers Sdn.
Bhd., 1984.
[28] Department of Standard Malaysia (2007). Malaysia Standard, MS
1525:2007
[1] Burberry, Peter (2004). "Environment and Building Service", Mc-Graw
Hill, 9th Edition, Singapore.
[2] Gregg, Ander and Faia. Southern California Edition. "Window and
Glazing", Retrieved 18 November 2011.
http://www.wbdg.org/design/windows.php
[3] G.K. Oral, Z. Yilmaz (2002). "The Limit U Values for Building
Envelope Related to Building Form in Temperate and Cold Climate
Zone" Building and Environment, vol. 37, pp. 1173-1180.
[4] Windows, Light and Heat Gain (2009). Retrieved 10 July 2011.
http://www.oberline.edu/physics/Scofield/p268/library/Ch-
06%20Windows.pdf
[5] M. Nikpour, M.Z. Kandar, M. Ghasemi, H. Fallah (2011). "Study of The
Effectiveness of Solar Heat Gain and Day light Factors on Minimizing
Electricity Use in High rise Buildings" World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, pp. 73-77.
[6] ASHRAE 1980, "ASHRAE Standard 90A-1980 Energy Conservation in
New Building Design", American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning, Atlanta.
[7] V.V. Verma, B.M. Suman (2000). "Simple Method for Design of
External Shading for Windows in Air-Conditioned Buildings",
Architectural Science Review, vol. 43, pp. 37-44.
[8] N. Ibrahim (2006). "Design Process Strategies and Methods for
Achieving Energy Efficient Air-Conditioned Office Buildings in
Malaysia", PhD, Faculty of Built Environment Art and Design,
University Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
[9] Portal Rasmi Jabatan METEOROLOGI Malaysia (JMM), Iklim
Malaysia. Retrieved 1 May 2011. http://www.met.gov.my
[10] A. Ahmad and A.Kasbani (2003). "The Development of Preliminary
Energy Benchmarking for Office Building in Malaysia" International
Symposium on Renewable Energy, pp. 865-872.
[11] Suruhanjaya Tenaga (2005), "Building Energy Performance in
Malaysia", EE Seminar-How to take advantage of it, Kuala Lumpur.
[12] A.L.S. Chan (1994). "Development of Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
Operation of Fully Air-Conditioned Building in Hong Kong", MPhil
Thesis, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
[13] J.C. Lam, D.H.W. Li (1999). "An Analysis of Daylighting and Solar
Heat for Cooling Dominated Office Buildings", Journal of Solar
Energy, vol. 65, pp. 251-262.
[14] V.H.C. Crisp (1978). "The Light Switch in Building", Lighting
Research and Technology, vol. 10(2), pp. 69-82.
[15] J.C. Lam, D.H.W. Li (2001). "Evaluation of Lighting Performance in
Office Buildings with Daylighting Controls", Energy and Building, vol.
33(8), pp. 793-803.
[16] D.H.W. Li, J.C. Lam, S.L. Wong (2002). "Daylighting and its
Implications to Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
Determination", Energy, vol.27, pp.991-1008.
[17] T.T. Chow, Z. Lin, W. He, A.L.S. Chan and K.F. Fong (2006). "Use of
Ventilated Solar Screen Window in Warm Climate", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 1910-1918.
[18] M. Wilson, J.H. Walker, M. Santamouris and S. Jaure (2002). "Design
Process for Energy Efficient New and Refurbished Housing", University
of North London Publication.
[19] K.A.R Ismail, C.T. Salinas, J.R. Henriquez (2009). "A Comparative
Study of Naturally Ventilated and Gas Filled Windows for Hot
Climates", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 1691-
1703.
[20] K.A.R. Ismail, J.R. Henriquez (2003). "Modeling and Simulation of A
Simple Glass Window", Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 80, pp.
355-374.
[21] M.G. Rivera, G. Alverez, I.B. Morrison, J. Xaman (2011). "Appraisal of
Thermal Performance of A Glazed Office with A Solar Control Coating:
Case in Mexico and Canada", Building and Environment, vol. 46, pp.
1223-1233.
[22] C. Genaro, A. Rafael (2004). "Copper Based Thin Films to Improve
Glazing for Energy Savings in Building", Solar Energy, vol.76, pp. 111-
115.
[23] D. Feuermann, A. Novoplasky (1998). "Revesible Low Solar Heat Gain
Windows for Energy Saving", Solar Energy, vol. 62(3), pp. 169-175.
[24] A.M. Whaad, N.M. Adam, S.M. Sapuan, R. Saidur (2010). "Effect of
Selected Shading Devices on Office Room Temperature", International
Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 5(2), pp. 236-
243.
[25] Y. Etzion, E. Erell (2000). "Controlling the Transmission of Radiant
Energy Through Windows: A Novel Ventilated Reversible Glazing
System", Journal of Building and Environment, vol. 35, pp. 433-444.
[26] N. Mehlika, Inanici, Demirbilek (2000). "Thermal Performance
Optimization of Building Aspect Ratio and South Window Size in Five
Cities Having Different Climatic Characteristics of Turkey", Journal of
Building and Environment, vol. 35, pp. 41-52.
[27] Malaysia Uniform Building By-Laws. MDC Publishers Printers Sdn.
Bhd., 1984.
[28] Department of Standard Malaysia (2007). Malaysia Standard, MS
1525:2007
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:58644", author = "Norzita Jaafar and Nor Zaini Zakaria and Azni Zain Ahmed and Razidah Ismail", title = "Thermal and Visual Performance of Solar Control Film", abstract = "The use of solar control film on windows as one of
solar passive strategies for building have becoming important and is
gaining recognition. Malaysia located close to equator is having
warm humid climate with long sunshine hours and abundant solar
radiation throughout the year. Hence, befitting solar control on
windows is absolutely necessary to capture the daylight whilst
moderating thermal impact and eliminating glare problems. This is
one of the energy efficient strategies to achieve thermal and visual
comfort in buildings. Therefore, this study was carried out to
investigate the effect of window solar controls on thermal and visual
performance of naturally ventilated buildings. This was conducted via
field data monitoring using a test building facility. Four types of
window glazing systems were used with three types of solar control
films. Data were analysed for thermal and visual impact with
reference to thermal and optical characteristics of the films. Results
show that for each glazing system, the surface temperature of
windows are influenced by the Solar Energy Absorption property, the
indoor air temperature are influenced by the Solar Energy
Transmittance and Solar Energy Reflectance, and the daylighting by
Visible Light Transmission and Shading Coefficient. Further
investigations are underway to determine the mathematical relation
between thermal energy and visual performance with the thermal and
optical characteristics of solar control films.", keywords = "window, solar control film, natural ventilation,thermal performance, visual performance", volume = "6", number = "5", pages = "347-7", }
