Thermal and Morphological Evaluation of Chemically Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse
Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the major steps involved in the conversion from sugarcane bagasse to yield ethanol. This process offers potential for yields and selectivity higher, lower energy costs and milder operating conditions than chemical processes. However, the presence of some factors such as lignin content, crystallinity degree of the cellulose, and particle sizes, limits the digestibility of the cellulose present in the lignocellulosic biomasses. Pretreatment aims to improve the access of the enzyme to the substrate. In this study sugarcane bagasse was submitted chemical pretreatment that consisted of two consecutive steps, the first with dilute sulfuric acid (1 % (v/v) H2SO4), and the second with alkaline solutions with different concentrations of NaOH (1, 2, 3 and 4 % (w/v)). Thermal Analysis (TG/ DTG and DTA) was used to evaluate hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents in the samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological structures of the in natura and chemically treated samples. Results showed that pretreatments were effective in chemical degradation of lignocellulosic materials of the samples, and also was possible to observe the morphological changes occurring in the biomasses after pretreatments.
[1] C. G. Mothé, and I. C. Miranda, "Characterization of sugarcane and
coconut fibers by thermal analysis and FTIR", Journal Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 661-665, Aug. 2009.
[2] L. A. B. Cortez, E. E. S. Lora, and J. A. C. Ayarza, "Biomass in Brazil
and in the World", in Biomass for energy (in Portuguese), 1th ed., Ed.
University of Campinas, 2008, pp. 15-29.
[3] J. Fingueret, A. J. A. Meirelles, and R. Guirardello, A. C. Costa.
"Fermentation, hydrolysis, and distillation", in Biomass for energy (in Portuguese), 1th ed., Ed. University of Campinas, 2008, pp. 433-473.
[4] M. J. Taherzadeh, and K. Karimi, "Acid-based hydrolysis processes for
ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review", BioResources, vol. 2,
no. 3, pp. 472-499, 2007.
[5] D. Mohan, C. U. Pittman Jr., and P. H. Steele, "Pyrolysis of wood/
biomass for bio-oil: A critical review", Energy and Fuels, vol. 20, no. 3,
pp. 848-889, Mar. 2006.
[6] G. J. M. Rocha, C. Martin, I. B. Soares, A. M. S. Maior, H. M. Baudel,
and C. A. M. Abreu, "Dilute mixed-acid pretreatment of sugarcane
bagasse for ethanol production", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, no. 1,
pp. 663-670, Jan. 2011.
[7] S. C. Rabelo, "Evaluation and optimization of pretreatments and
enzymatic hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse for second generation
ethanol production", PhD Thesis (in Portuguese), School of Chemical
Engineering, University of Campinas, 2010, pp. 454.
[8] C. A. Rezende, M. A. Lima, P. Maziero, E. R. Azevedo, W. Garcia, and
I. Polikarpov, "Chemical and morphological characterization of
sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced
enzymatic digestibility", Biotechnology for Biofuels, vol. 4, no. 54, pp.
1-19, Nov. 2011.
[9] C. Cara, E. Ruiz, J. M. Oliva, F. Sáez, and E. Castro, "Conversion of
olive tree biomass into fermentable sugars by dilute acid pretreatment
and enzymatic saccharification", Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no.
6, pp. 1869-1876, Apr. 2008.
[10] M. E. Brown, "Introduction to Thermal Analysis - techniques and
applications", 1th ed., Ed. London Chapman and Hall, New York, 1988,
pp. 211.
[11] S. Sasmal, V. V. Goud, and K. Mohanty, "Characterization of
biomasses available in the region of North-East India for production
fuels", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 212-220, Oct. 2012.
[12] B. R. Escalera, A. Espina, J. R. García, J. H. S. Arnao, and S. A. Nebra,
"Model-free kinetics applied to sugarcane bagasse combustion",
Thermochimica Acta, vol. 448, no. 2, pp. 111-116, Sept. 2006.
[13] S. Munir, S. S. Daood, W. Nimmo, A. M. Cunliffe, and B. M. Gibbs,
"Thermal analysis and devolatilization kinetics of cotton stalk,
sugarcane bagasse and shea meal under nitrogen and air atmospheres",
Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1413-1418, Oct. 2008.
[14] A. T. W. M. Hendriks, and G. Zeeman, "Pretreatments to enhance the
digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass", Bioresource Technology, vol.
100, no. 1, pp. 10-18, Jan. 2009.
[15] W. -H. Chen, Y. -J. Tu, and H. -K. Sheen, "Impact of dilute acid
pretreatment on the structure of bagasse for bioethanol production",
International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 265-274,
Mar. 2010.
[16] O. J. Sanchez, and C. A. Cardona, "Trends in biotechnological
production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks". Bioresource
Technology, vol. 99, no. 13, pp. 5270-5295, Sep. 2008.
[17] Y. Zheng, C. Lee, C. Yu, Y. -S. Cheng, R. Zhang, and B. M. Jenkins,
"Dilute acid pretreatment and fermentation of sugar beet pulp to
ethanol", Applied Energy, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 1-7, May. 2013.
[18] K. G. Mansaray, and A. E. Ghaly, "Thermal degradation of rice husks in
nitrogen atmosphere", Bioresource Technology, vol. 65, no. , pp. 13-20,
Jan. 1998.
[19] P. R. Diaz, and V. Z. Semet, "Studies on thermal decomposition and
combustion mechanism of bagasse under non-isothermal conditions",
Thermochimica Acta, vol. 93, no. 15, pp. 349-352, Sept. 1985.
[20] M. M. Nassar, E. A. Ashour, and S. S. Wahid, "Thermal characteristics
of bagasse", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, no. 6, pp.
885-890, Feb. 1996.
[21] S. Hu, A. Jess, and M. Xu, "Kinetic study of Chinese biomass slow
pyrolysis: comparison of different kinetic models", Fuel, vol. 86, no.
17-18, pp. 2778-2788, Dec. 2007.
[22] C. Driemeier, M. M. Oliveira, F. M. Mendes, and E. O. G├│mez,
"Characterization of sugarcane bagasse powders", Powder Technology,
vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 111-116, Jul. 2011.
[1] C. G. Mothé, and I. C. Miranda, "Characterization of sugarcane and
coconut fibers by thermal analysis and FTIR", Journal Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 661-665, Aug. 2009.
[2] L. A. B. Cortez, E. E. S. Lora, and J. A. C. Ayarza, "Biomass in Brazil
and in the World", in Biomass for energy (in Portuguese), 1th ed., Ed.
University of Campinas, 2008, pp. 15-29.
[3] J. Fingueret, A. J. A. Meirelles, and R. Guirardello, A. C. Costa.
"Fermentation, hydrolysis, and distillation", in Biomass for energy (in Portuguese), 1th ed., Ed. University of Campinas, 2008, pp. 433-473.
[4] M. J. Taherzadeh, and K. Karimi, "Acid-based hydrolysis processes for
ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review", BioResources, vol. 2,
no. 3, pp. 472-499, 2007.
[5] D. Mohan, C. U. Pittman Jr., and P. H. Steele, "Pyrolysis of wood/
biomass for bio-oil: A critical review", Energy and Fuels, vol. 20, no. 3,
pp. 848-889, Mar. 2006.
[6] G. J. M. Rocha, C. Martin, I. B. Soares, A. M. S. Maior, H. M. Baudel,
and C. A. M. Abreu, "Dilute mixed-acid pretreatment of sugarcane
bagasse for ethanol production", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, no. 1,
pp. 663-670, Jan. 2011.
[7] S. C. Rabelo, "Evaluation and optimization of pretreatments and
enzymatic hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse for second generation
ethanol production", PhD Thesis (in Portuguese), School of Chemical
Engineering, University of Campinas, 2010, pp. 454.
[8] C. A. Rezende, M. A. Lima, P. Maziero, E. R. Azevedo, W. Garcia, and
I. Polikarpov, "Chemical and morphological characterization of
sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced
enzymatic digestibility", Biotechnology for Biofuels, vol. 4, no. 54, pp.
1-19, Nov. 2011.
[9] C. Cara, E. Ruiz, J. M. Oliva, F. Sáez, and E. Castro, "Conversion of
olive tree biomass into fermentable sugars by dilute acid pretreatment
and enzymatic saccharification", Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no.
6, pp. 1869-1876, Apr. 2008.
[10] M. E. Brown, "Introduction to Thermal Analysis - techniques and
applications", 1th ed., Ed. London Chapman and Hall, New York, 1988,
pp. 211.
[11] S. Sasmal, V. V. Goud, and K. Mohanty, "Characterization of
biomasses available in the region of North-East India for production
fuels", Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 212-220, Oct. 2012.
[12] B. R. Escalera, A. Espina, J. R. García, J. H. S. Arnao, and S. A. Nebra,
"Model-free kinetics applied to sugarcane bagasse combustion",
Thermochimica Acta, vol. 448, no. 2, pp. 111-116, Sept. 2006.
[13] S. Munir, S. S. Daood, W. Nimmo, A. M. Cunliffe, and B. M. Gibbs,
"Thermal analysis and devolatilization kinetics of cotton stalk,
sugarcane bagasse and shea meal under nitrogen and air atmospheres",
Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1413-1418, Oct. 2008.
[14] A. T. W. M. Hendriks, and G. Zeeman, "Pretreatments to enhance the
digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass", Bioresource Technology, vol.
100, no. 1, pp. 10-18, Jan. 2009.
[15] W. -H. Chen, Y. -J. Tu, and H. -K. Sheen, "Impact of dilute acid
pretreatment on the structure of bagasse for bioethanol production",
International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 265-274,
Mar. 2010.
[16] O. J. Sanchez, and C. A. Cardona, "Trends in biotechnological
production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks". Bioresource
Technology, vol. 99, no. 13, pp. 5270-5295, Sep. 2008.
[17] Y. Zheng, C. Lee, C. Yu, Y. -S. Cheng, R. Zhang, and B. M. Jenkins,
"Dilute acid pretreatment and fermentation of sugar beet pulp to
ethanol", Applied Energy, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 1-7, May. 2013.
[18] K. G. Mansaray, and A. E. Ghaly, "Thermal degradation of rice husks in
nitrogen atmosphere", Bioresource Technology, vol. 65, no. , pp. 13-20,
Jan. 1998.
[19] P. R. Diaz, and V. Z. Semet, "Studies on thermal decomposition and
combustion mechanism of bagasse under non-isothermal conditions",
Thermochimica Acta, vol. 93, no. 15, pp. 349-352, Sept. 1985.
[20] M. M. Nassar, E. A. Ashour, and S. S. Wahid, "Thermal characteristics
of bagasse", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, no. 6, pp.
885-890, Feb. 1996.
[21] S. Hu, A. Jess, and M. Xu, "Kinetic study of Chinese biomass slow
pyrolysis: comparison of different kinetic models", Fuel, vol. 86, no.
17-18, pp. 2778-2788, Dec. 2007.
[22] C. Driemeier, M. M. Oliveira, F. M. Mendes, and E. O. G├│mez,
"Characterization of sugarcane bagasse powders", Powder Technology,
vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 111-116, Jul. 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:64823", author = "Glauber Cruz and Patrícia A. S. Monteiro and Carlos E. M. Braz and Paulo Seleghin Jr. and Igor Polikarpov and Paula M.Crnkovic", title = "Thermal and Morphological Evaluation of Chemically Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse", abstract = "Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the major steps involved in the conversion from sugarcane bagasse to yield ethanol. This process offers potential for yields and selectivity higher, lower energy costs and milder operating conditions than chemical processes. However, the presence of some factors such as lignin content, crystallinity degree of the cellulose, and particle sizes, limits the digestibility of the cellulose present in the lignocellulosic biomasses. Pretreatment aims to improve the access of the enzyme to the substrate. In this study sugarcane bagasse was submitted chemical pretreatment that consisted of two consecutive steps, the first with dilute sulfuric acid (1 % (v/v) H2SO4), and the second with alkaline solutions with different concentrations of NaOH (1, 2, 3 and 4 % (w/v)). Thermal Analysis (TG/ DTG and DTA) was used to evaluate hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents in the samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological structures of the in natura and chemically treated samples. Results showed that pretreatments were effective in chemical degradation of lignocellulosic materials of the samples, and also was possible to observe the morphological changes occurring in the biomasses after pretreatments.
", keywords = "Alkaline solutions, bioethanol production, dilute acid, enzymatic hydrolysis, lignocellulosic biomass.", volume = "7", number = "6", pages = "476-6", }
