The Effect of X-Ray on Plasma and Erythrocyte Concentration of Zn and Cu in Radiology Staff of Tehran Oil Hospital
Introduction: Some parameters should be considered to investigate the chronic effects of radiation absorption in radiation workers. Trace elements are parameters which small changes in them can cause significant effects on live systems. The role of trace element concentration in human health is significant. These elements play an important role in the developing and functioning of the immune system, cellular respiration, and oxidation processes. Considering the importance and necessity of this issue and few studies, measurements of concentration changes of these elements due to the absorbed dose are important. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the biological effects of occupational dose absorption on plasma and erythrocyte concentration of Zn and Cu in the radiology staff of Tehran Oil Hospital. Material and methods: In this analytical-comparative study, 72 people have entered. 36 people (18 males and 18 females) were selected as radiology staff in the diagnostic and therapeutic departments of Tehran Oil Hospital. And 36 people (18 males and 18 females) were selected as general section staff in the same hospital as a control group. Radiology and control groups’ age and sex were matched. 10 ml of venous blood was taken from all people. An atomic absorption spectrometer was used to obtain zinc and copper plasma concentrations. Levine test was used to compare these results validity. Results: The mean concentrations of copper and zinc were measured as 0.951 and 0.754 mg/L in the plasma phase and 3.2 and 0.401 mg/L in the RBC phase for the radiology group. Copper and zinc average concentrations, respectively 0.976 and 0.813 mg/L in the plasma phase and 2.906 and 0.476 mg/L in the RBC phase, were measured for the control group. These elements Concentrations in the plasma phase were significantly different from that of the control group, but the concentrations in the red blood cell phase did not show a significant difference compared to the control group. In comparison, a separate comparison between men and women in the experimental and control groups showed a significant difference in the values of the elements mentioned. With a significant increase in samples, a better justification than the available statistical results can be extracted. Conclusions: Within this study results, chronic occupational probabilistic absorption destructive effects (even within the permitted range) on blood trace element concentration have been confirmed.
[1] Aghdam, M. R. H., Baghani, H. R., & Aghdam, A. H. (2018). Cancer risk incidence from hypothetical accident of VVER-1000 nuclear power plant based on BEIR VII model. Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice, 17(2), 212-218.
[2] Cengiz, M., Gurkaynak, M., Vural, H., Aksoy, N., Cengiz, B., Yildiz, F., & Atahan, I. L. (2003). Tissue trace element change after total body irradiation. Nephron Experimental Nephrology, 94(1), e12-e16.
[3] Chatterjee, J., Mukherjee, B., De, K., Das, A., & Basu, S. (1994). Trace metal levels of X-ray technicians' blood and hair. Biological trace element research, 46(3), 211-227.
[4] Damilakis, J., Adams, J. E., Guglielmi, G., & Link, T. M. (2010). Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imaging techniques used in osteoporosis. European radiology, 20(11), 2707-2714.
[5] Dede, S., Değer, Y., Mert, N., Kahraman, T., Alkan, M., & Keleş, I. (2003). Studies on the effects of X-ray on erythrocyte zinc and copper concentrations in rabbits after treatment with antioxidants. Biological trace element research, 92(1), 55-60.
[6] Ebrahiminia, A., Shahbazi Gahrouei, D., Karegar, A., & Farzan, A. (2008). Relationship between occupational exposure and concentration of some trace elements in radiology and radiotherapy workers. JQUMS, 12(3), 52-57.
[7] Golden, M. H., & Golden, B. E. (1981). Trace elements: potential importance in human nutrition with particular reference to zinc and vanadium. Br Med Bull, 37(1), 31-36.
[8] He, K. (2011). Trace elements in nails as biomarkers in clinical research. European journal of clinical investigation, 41(1), 98-102.
[9] Jacobsen, C. (1999). Soft x-ray microscopy. Trends in cell biology, 9(2), 44-47.
[10] Jeffery, J., Frank, A. R., Hockridge, S., Stosnach, H., & Costelloe, S. J. (2019). Method for measurement of serum copper, zinc and selenium using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the PICOFOX analyser: Validation and comparison with atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 56(1), 170-178.
[11] Koletzko, B., Goulet, O., Hunt, J., Krohn, K., & Shamir, R. (2005). European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism; European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN); European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). 1. Guidelines on paediatric parenteral nutrition of the European Society of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for clinical nutrition and metabolism (ESPEN), supported by the European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 41(Suppl 2), S1-87.
[12] Kuo, S. S., Saad, A. H., Koong, A. C., Hahn, G. M., & Giaccia, A. J. (1993). Potassium-channel activation in response to low doses of gamma-irradiation involves reactive oxygen intermediates in nonexcitatory cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(3), 908-912.
[13] Majumdar, S., Chatterjee, J., & Chaudhuri, K. (1999). Ulltrastructural and trace metal studies on radiographers’ hair and nails. Biological trace element research, 67(2), 127-138.
[14] Man, A. C., Zheng, Y.-H., & Mak, P.-K. (1998). Structural and trace element changes in scalp hair of radiographers. Biological trace element research, 63(1), 11-18.
[15] Mirnam, N. M., Faroughi, F., Salehi, B. M., Beigi, H. A., Bagheri, H., & Mahdi, M. M. (2019). Investigation of the effects of gamma radiation on plasma levels of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in nuclear medicine staff. RADIOPROTECTION, 54(1), 47-53.
[16] Molaschi, M., Ponzetto, M., Bertacna, B., Berrino, E., & Ferrario, E. (1996). Determination of selected trace elements in patients affected by dementia. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 22, 39-42.
[17] Salmasian, B., Rabiee, A., & Yousefzadeh, T. (2019). The RisN Assessment of Cancer RisN during Normal Operation of Tehran Research Reactor Due to Radioactive Gas Emission. International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 13(6), 274-278.
[18] Tavakoli, M., Moradalizadeh, M., Ananisarab, G. R., & Hosseini, S. (2012). Evaluation of blood cell count in the radiology staff of Birjand Hospitals in 2011.
[19] Ulvi, H., Yiğiter, R., Yoldaş, T., Dolu, Y., Var, A., & Müngen, B. (2002). Magnesium, zinc and copper contents in hair and their serum concentrations in patients with epilepsy. Eastern journal of medicine, 7(2), 31-35.
[20] Wagner, L. K., Eifel, P. J., & Geise, R. A. (1994). Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 5(1), 71-84.
[21] Wang, J., Zhang, L., Li, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., & Aoyama, T. (2002). Cancer incidence and risk estimation among medical x-ray workers in China, 1950–1995. Health physics, 82(4), 455-466.
[22] Wisniewska, M., Cremer, M., Wiehe, L., Becker, N.-P., Rijntjes, E., Martitz, J., . . . Schomburg, L. (2017). Copper to zinc ratio as disease biomarker in neonates with early-onset congenital infections. Nutrients, 9(4), 343.
[23] زرگان, ساجده, سیدمهدی, امامي, حبيب, عطارچی, . . . حمیدی. (2016). مقایسه وضعیت سلولهای خونی پرتوکاران با غیر پرتو کاران در کارکنان یک بیمارستان دولتی در شهر تهران. Iran Occupational Health, 13(4).
[24] ژاله, ب., & داريوش, ش. گ. ميزان پرتوگيري بيماران در آزمايشات رايج راديوگرافي مراكز راديولوژي استان چهارمحال و بختياري.
[25] هاشمی, فروغ, جليلوند, حکيمی, & نورمحمدی. (2006). بررسی سطح سرمی روی در کارکنان بيمارستان فيروزگر با دستگاه اسپکترومتری جذب اتمی. مجاه علوم پرشکی رازی, 12(49), 173-182.
[1] Aghdam, M. R. H., Baghani, H. R., & Aghdam, A. H. (2018). Cancer risk incidence from hypothetical accident of VVER-1000 nuclear power plant based on BEIR VII model. Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice, 17(2), 212-218.
[2] Cengiz, M., Gurkaynak, M., Vural, H., Aksoy, N., Cengiz, B., Yildiz, F., & Atahan, I. L. (2003). Tissue trace element change after total body irradiation. Nephron Experimental Nephrology, 94(1), e12-e16.
[3] Chatterjee, J., Mukherjee, B., De, K., Das, A., & Basu, S. (1994). Trace metal levels of X-ray technicians' blood and hair. Biological trace element research, 46(3), 211-227.
[4] Damilakis, J., Adams, J. E., Guglielmi, G., & Link, T. M. (2010). Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imaging techniques used in osteoporosis. European radiology, 20(11), 2707-2714.
[5] Dede, S., Değer, Y., Mert, N., Kahraman, T., Alkan, M., & Keleş, I. (2003). Studies on the effects of X-ray on erythrocyte zinc and copper concentrations in rabbits after treatment with antioxidants. Biological trace element research, 92(1), 55-60.
[6] Ebrahiminia, A., Shahbazi Gahrouei, D., Karegar, A., & Farzan, A. (2008). Relationship between occupational exposure and concentration of some trace elements in radiology and radiotherapy workers. JQUMS, 12(3), 52-57.
[7] Golden, M. H., & Golden, B. E. (1981). Trace elements: potential importance in human nutrition with particular reference to zinc and vanadium. Br Med Bull, 37(1), 31-36.
[8] He, K. (2011). Trace elements in nails as biomarkers in clinical research. European journal of clinical investigation, 41(1), 98-102.
[9] Jacobsen, C. (1999). Soft x-ray microscopy. Trends in cell biology, 9(2), 44-47.
[10] Jeffery, J., Frank, A. R., Hockridge, S., Stosnach, H., & Costelloe, S. J. (2019). Method for measurement of serum copper, zinc and selenium using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the PICOFOX analyser: Validation and comparison with atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 56(1), 170-178.
[11] Koletzko, B., Goulet, O., Hunt, J., Krohn, K., & Shamir, R. (2005). European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism; European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN); European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). 1. Guidelines on paediatric parenteral nutrition of the European Society of paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for clinical nutrition and metabolism (ESPEN), supported by the European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 41(Suppl 2), S1-87.
[12] Kuo, S. S., Saad, A. H., Koong, A. C., Hahn, G. M., & Giaccia, A. J. (1993). Potassium-channel activation in response to low doses of gamma-irradiation involves reactive oxygen intermediates in nonexcitatory cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(3), 908-912.
[13] Majumdar, S., Chatterjee, J., & Chaudhuri, K. (1999). Ulltrastructural and trace metal studies on radiographers’ hair and nails. Biological trace element research, 67(2), 127-138.
[14] Man, A. C., Zheng, Y.-H., & Mak, P.-K. (1998). Structural and trace element changes in scalp hair of radiographers. Biological trace element research, 63(1), 11-18.
[15] Mirnam, N. M., Faroughi, F., Salehi, B. M., Beigi, H. A., Bagheri, H., & Mahdi, M. M. (2019). Investigation of the effects of gamma radiation on plasma levels of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in nuclear medicine staff. RADIOPROTECTION, 54(1), 47-53.
[16] Molaschi, M., Ponzetto, M., Bertacna, B., Berrino, E., & Ferrario, E. (1996). Determination of selected trace elements in patients affected by dementia. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 22, 39-42.
[17] Salmasian, B., Rabiee, A., & Yousefzadeh, T. (2019). The RisN Assessment of Cancer RisN during Normal Operation of Tehran Research Reactor Due to Radioactive Gas Emission. International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 13(6), 274-278.
[18] Tavakoli, M., Moradalizadeh, M., Ananisarab, G. R., & Hosseini, S. (2012). Evaluation of blood cell count in the radiology staff of Birjand Hospitals in 2011.
[19] Ulvi, H., Yiğiter, R., Yoldaş, T., Dolu, Y., Var, A., & Müngen, B. (2002). Magnesium, zinc and copper contents in hair and their serum concentrations in patients with epilepsy. Eastern journal of medicine, 7(2), 31-35.
[20] Wagner, L. K., Eifel, P. J., & Geise, R. A. (1994). Potential biological effects following high X-ray dose interventional procedures. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 5(1), 71-84.
[21] Wang, J., Zhang, L., Li, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., & Aoyama, T. (2002). Cancer incidence and risk estimation among medical x-ray workers in China, 1950–1995. Health physics, 82(4), 455-466.
[22] Wisniewska, M., Cremer, M., Wiehe, L., Becker, N.-P., Rijntjes, E., Martitz, J., . . . Schomburg, L. (2017). Copper to zinc ratio as disease biomarker in neonates with early-onset congenital infections. Nutrients, 9(4), 343.
[23] زرگان, ساجده, سیدمهدی, امامي, حبيب, عطارچی, . . . حمیدی. (2016). مقایسه وضعیت سلولهای خونی پرتوکاران با غیر پرتو کاران در کارکنان یک بیمارستان دولتی در شهر تهران. Iran Occupational Health, 13(4).
[24] ژاله, ب., & داريوش, ش. گ. ميزان پرتوگيري بيماران در آزمايشات رايج راديوگرافي مراكز راديولوژي استان چهارمحال و بختياري.
[25] هاشمی, فروغ, جليلوند, حکيمی, & نورمحمدی. (2006). بررسی سطح سرمی روی در کارکنان بيمارستان فيروزگر با دستگاه اسپکترومتری جذب اتمی. مجاه علوم پرشکی رازی, 12(49), 173-182.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:79319", author = "L. Nekoozad and M. Salehi Barough and B. Salmasian", title = "The Effect of X-Ray on Plasma and Erythrocyte Concentration of Zn and Cu in Radiology Staff of Tehran Oil Hospital", abstract = "Introduction: Some parameters should be considered to investigate the chronic effects of radiation absorption in radiation workers. Trace elements are parameters which small changes in them can cause significant effects on live systems. The role of trace element concentration in human health is significant. These elements play an important role in the developing and functioning of the immune system, cellular respiration, and oxidation processes. Considering the importance and necessity of this issue and few studies, measurements of concentration changes of these elements due to the absorbed dose are important. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the biological effects of occupational dose absorption on plasma and erythrocyte concentration of Zn and Cu in the radiology staff of Tehran Oil Hospital. Material and methods: In this analytical-comparative study, 72 people have entered. 36 people (18 males and 18 females) were selected as radiology staff in the diagnostic and therapeutic departments of Tehran Oil Hospital. And 36 people (18 males and 18 females) were selected as general section staff in the same hospital as a control group. Radiology and control groups’ age and sex were matched. 10 ml of venous blood was taken from all people. An atomic absorption spectrometer was used to obtain zinc and copper plasma concentrations. Levine test was used to compare these results validity. Results: The mean concentrations of copper and zinc were measured as 0.951 and 0.754 mg/L in the plasma phase and 3.2 and 0.401 mg/L in the RBC phase for the radiology group. Copper and zinc average concentrations, respectively 0.976 and 0.813 mg/L in the plasma phase and 2.906 and 0.476 mg/L in the RBC phase, were measured for the control group. These elements Concentrations in the plasma phase were significantly different from that of the control group, but the concentrations in the red blood cell phase did not show a significant difference compared to the control group. In comparison, a separate comparison between men and women in the experimental and control groups showed a significant difference in the values of the elements mentioned. With a significant increase in samples, a better justification than the available statistical results can be extracted. Conclusions: Within this study results, chronic occupational probabilistic absorption destructive effects (even within the permitted range) on blood trace element concentration have been confirmed.
", keywords = "Chronic absorption, atomic absorption spectrometry, radiology staff, trace element concentration.", volume = "13", number = "11", pages = "499-5", }
