Technology Assessment: Exploring Possibilities to Encounter Problems Faced by Intellectual Property through Blockchain
A significant discussion on the topic of blockchain as a solution to the issues of intellectual property highlights the relevance that this topic holds. Some experts label this technology as destructive since it holds immense potential to change course of traditional practices. The extent and areas to which this technology can be of use are still being researched. This paper provides an in-depth review on the intellectual property and blockchain technology. Further it explores what makes blockchain suitable for intellectual property, the practical solutions available and the support different governments are offering. This paper further studies the framework of universities in context of its outputs and how can they be streamlined using blockchain technology. The paper concludes by discussing some limitations and future research question.
[1] Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain (1st ed., pp. 37 - 40). USA: O Reilly.
[2] Ricketson, S. (1996). Universities and Their Exploitation of Intellectual Property. Bond Law Review, 8(1), 32-46.
[3] Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., MC Kelvey, M., Autio, E., Brostrom, A., D'este, P., Fini, R., Geuna, A., Grimaldi, R., Hughes, A., Kitson, M., Krabel, S., Llerena, P., Lissoni, F., Salter, A. & Sobrero, M. (2012). Academic Engagement and Commercialization: A R.
[4] Nakamoto, S. (2008) Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
[5] Zeilinger, M. (2016). Digital Art as ‘Monetised Graphics’: Enforcing Intellectual Property on the Blockchain. Philosophy & Technology, 31(1), 15-41.
[6] Ported, A. (1995). Technology Assesment. Impact Assessment, 13(2), 135-151.
[7] WIPO. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/intproperty/450/wipo_pub_450.pdf.
[8] Nahapiet, J, & Sumantra G. (1998). “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage.” The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
[9] Poltorak, A. I., & Lerner, P. J. (2011). Essentials of intellectual property: Law, economics, and strategy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.".
[10] Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabiliites to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607-618.
[11] Lehman, B. (1996). Intellectual property: America's competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Columbia Journal of World Business, 31(1), 6-16.
[12] Moore, A., & Himma, K. (2014). Intellectual Property. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intellectual-property/#HisIntPro.
[13] Patents. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/patents/en/.
[14] Arundel, A.; Patel, P. (2003): Strategic patenting, Background report for the Trend Chart Policy Benchmarking Workshop "New Trends in IPR Policy.
[15] Grace Periods for Disclosure of an Invention before Applying for a Patent - Mewburn Ellis. (2018). Retrieved from http://mewburn.com/resource/grace-periods-for-disclosure-of-an-invention-before-applying-for-a-patent/.
[16] Patent troll | Definition of patent troll in English by Oxford Dictionaries. (2018). Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/patent_troll.
[17] Barrett, B. (2002). Defensive use of publications in an intellectual property strategy. Nature Biotechnology, 20(2), 191-193.
[18] Mansfield, E. (1995). Academic Research Underlying Industrial Innovations: Sources, Characteristics, and Financing. The Review of Economics And Statistics, 77(1), 55. doi: 10.2307/2109992.
[19] Armstrong, M. (2016). Trade secret protection in the pharma industry. Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst, 5(5), 285-288.
[20] United States Patent and Trademark Office. Report on Prior User rights. United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved from https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/ip/global/prior_user_rights.pdf.
[21] Henkel, J., & Lernbecher (neé Pangerl), S. (2008). Defensive Publishing - An Empirical Study. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[22] Copyrights. (2018). Retrieved from http:// http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/.
[23] "Savelyev, A. (2017). Copyright in the Blockchain Era: Promises and Challenges. SSRN Electronic Journal.".
[24] "Chesbrough, H. W. (2006) Open innovation: a new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., West, J. (eds), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.".
[25] Introducing the Innovator’s Patent Agreement. (2012). Retrieved from https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/a/2012/introducing-the-innovator-s-patent-agreement.html.
[26] Musk, E. (2014). All Our Patent Are Belong To You. Retrieved from https://www.tesla.com/blog/all-our-patent-are-belong-you.
[27] Bashir, I. (2017). Mastering Blockchain (2nd ed., pp. 10 - 20). Brimingham: Packt Publishing Ltd.
[28] Greenfield, R. (2018). Explaining How Proof of Stake, Proof of Work, Hashing and Blockchain Work Together. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@robertgreenfieldiv/explaining-proof-of-stake-f1eae6feb26f.
[29] McKinlay, J., Pithouse, D., McGonagle, J., & Sanders, J. (2018). Blockchain: background, challenges and legal issues | Insights | DLA Piper Global Law Firm. Retrieved from https://www.dlapiper.com/en/denmark/insights/publications/2017/06/blockchain-backgr.
[30] Gipp, B., Meuschke, N., & Gernandt, A. (2015). Decentralized Trusted Timestamping using the Crypto Currency Bitcoin. In iConference. Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/73770/478_ready.pdf.
[31] Savelyev, A. (2017). Copyright in the Blockchain Era: Promises and Challenges. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[32] Terenzi, C. (2018). The Blockchain Platform that Enables Interaction between other Blockchains | UseTheBitcoin. Retrieved from https://usethebitcoin.com/blockchain-platform-enables-interaction-blockchains/.
[33] European Parlimentary Research Service. (2017). How blockchain technology could change our lives (pp. 10 - 12).
[34] Seulliet, E. (2016). Open innovation, co-creation: why blockchain is a small revolution. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@ericseulliet/open-innovation-co-creation-why-blockchain-is-a-small-revolution-73e7d0b480d5.
[35] Admin, S. (2018). Starbase. Retrieved from https://starbase.co/.
[36] Helms, K. (2017). Countdown: Bitcoin Will Be a Legal Method of Payment in Japan in Two Months - Bitcoin News. Retrieved from https://news.bitcoin.com/countdown-bitcoin-legal-payment-japan-two-months/.
[37] Shea, G. (2018). Vermont Passes Landmark Blockchain Legislation - Gravel & Shea PC. Retrieved from http://www.gravelshea.com/2018/06/vermont-passes-landmark-blockchain-legislation/.
[38] Tran, J. (2018). What Is Admissible Evidence? | LegalMatch Law Library. Retrieved from https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/what-is-admissible-evidence.html.
[39] McMullen, G. (2017). Blockchain & Law in 2017: – IPDB Blog – Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/ipdb-blog/blockchain-and-law-in-2017-f535cb0e06c4.
[40] Zhao, W. (2018). Blockchain Can Legally Authenticate Evidence, Chinese Judge Rules - CoinDesk. Retrieved from https://www.coindesk.com/blockchain-can-legally-authenticate-evidence-chinese-judge-rules/.
[41] Bernstein. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.bernstein.io/.
[42] Bitcoin.com. (2018). Retrieved from https://notary.bitcoin.com/.
[43] Binded. (2018). Retrieved from https://binded.com/.
[44] Blocknotary. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.blocknotary.com/.
[45] Proofstack. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.blocknotary.com/.
[46] Higgins, S. (2017). Bitcoin Miner Canaan Acquires Blockchain Notary Service - CoinDesk. Retrieved from https://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-miner-canaan-acquires-blockchain-notary-service/.
[47] Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., & Terra, B. R. C. (2000). The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research policy, 29(2), 313-330.
[48] Florida, R (1999). Engine or Infrastructure? The university role in economic development.
[49] Draghici, A., Baban, C., Gogan, M. and Ivascu, L. (2014). A Knowledge Management Approach for the University-industry Collaboration in Open Innovation.
[50] Rómulo, P., Patricio, V., & Langa, A. (2015) The institutionalization of universities’ third mission: introduction to the special issue, European Journal of Higher Education, 5:3, 227-232.
[51] Dubickis, M., & Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2015). Perspectives on Innovation and Technology Transfer.
[52] McWilliams, A., Siegel, D., & Wright, P. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications*.
[53] Kieser, A. (1981). Book Reviews: Henry Mintzberg: The Structuring of Organizations 1979, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Organization Studies, 2(2), 185-188.
[54] Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1999). The future location of research and technology transfer. Journal of Technology, 24(2/3), 111 – 123.
[55] Etzkowitz, H., Mello, J. M. C., Almeida, M. (2005) Towards “meta-innovation” in Brazil: The evolution of the incubator and the emergence of a triple helix. Research Policy, 34(4), 411–424.
[56] Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Social Science Information, 42(3), 293-337.
[57] Ab. Aziz, K., Harris, H., & Norhashim, M. (2011). University Research, Development & Commercialisation Management: A Malaysian Best Practice Case Study. World Review of Business Research. 1. 179-192.
[58] Crespi, G., D´Este, P., Fontana, R., & Geuna, A. (2008). The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer. Science and Technology Policy Research.
[59] Thérin F. (2014) Handbook of Research on Techno-Entrepreneurship, Second Edition. Edward Elgar Publishing.
[60] Bhuiyan, N. (2011). A framework for successful new product development. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(4), 746-770.
[61] Gbadegeshin, S. (2017). Stating Best Commercialization Method: An Unanswered Question from Scholars and Practitioners. International Journal of Economics And Management Engineering, 11(5), 1208 - 1214.
[62] Jhonson, E. E. (2012), Intellection Property and the Incentive Fallacy, 39 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 623.
[63] Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.
[64] Cortez, M. (2017). Education Sector Data Breaches Skyrocket in 2017. Retrieved from https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2017/12/education-sector-data-breaches-skyrocket-2017.
[65] Sony, C. (2017). Sony Develops System for Authentication, Sharing, and Rights Management Using Blockchain Technology. Retrieved from https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201708/17-071E/index.html.
[66] MIT, L. (2017). Case Study MIT | Learning Machine. Retrieved from https://www.learningmachine.com/case-studies-mit.
[67] Bogers, M. (2011). The open innovation paradox: knowledge sharing and protection in R&D collaborations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14(1), 93-117.
[68] Etzkovitz, H., & Gopteke, D. (2005). The co-evolution of the university technology transfer office and the linear model of innovation.
[69] Szabo, N. (1994). Smart Contracts. Retrieved from http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html.
[70] Clark, B. (2018). Blockchain and IP Law: A Match Made in Crypto Heaven?. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/01/article_0005.html.
[1] Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain (1st ed., pp. 37 - 40). USA: O Reilly.
[2] Ricketson, S. (1996). Universities and Their Exploitation of Intellectual Property. Bond Law Review, 8(1), 32-46.
[3] Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., MC Kelvey, M., Autio, E., Brostrom, A., D'este, P., Fini, R., Geuna, A., Grimaldi, R., Hughes, A., Kitson, M., Krabel, S., Llerena, P., Lissoni, F., Salter, A. & Sobrero, M. (2012). Academic Engagement and Commercialization: A R.
[4] Nakamoto, S. (2008) Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
[5] Zeilinger, M. (2016). Digital Art as ‘Monetised Graphics’: Enforcing Intellectual Property on the Blockchain. Philosophy & Technology, 31(1), 15-41.
[6] Ported, A. (1995). Technology Assesment. Impact Assessment, 13(2), 135-151.
[7] WIPO. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/intproperty/450/wipo_pub_450.pdf.
[8] Nahapiet, J, & Sumantra G. (1998). “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage.” The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
[9] Poltorak, A. I., & Lerner, P. J. (2011). Essentials of intellectual property: Law, economics, and strategy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.".
[10] Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabiliites to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607-618.
[11] Lehman, B. (1996). Intellectual property: America's competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Columbia Journal of World Business, 31(1), 6-16.
[12] Moore, A., & Himma, K. (2014). Intellectual Property. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intellectual-property/#HisIntPro.
[13] Patents. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/patents/en/.
[14] Arundel, A.; Patel, P. (2003): Strategic patenting, Background report for the Trend Chart Policy Benchmarking Workshop "New Trends in IPR Policy.
[15] Grace Periods for Disclosure of an Invention before Applying for a Patent - Mewburn Ellis. (2018). Retrieved from http://mewburn.com/resource/grace-periods-for-disclosure-of-an-invention-before-applying-for-a-patent/.
[16] Patent troll | Definition of patent troll in English by Oxford Dictionaries. (2018). Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/patent_troll.
[17] Barrett, B. (2002). Defensive use of publications in an intellectual property strategy. Nature Biotechnology, 20(2), 191-193.
[18] Mansfield, E. (1995). Academic Research Underlying Industrial Innovations: Sources, Characteristics, and Financing. The Review of Economics And Statistics, 77(1), 55. doi: 10.2307/2109992.
[19] Armstrong, M. (2016). Trade secret protection in the pharma industry. Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst, 5(5), 285-288.
[20] United States Patent and Trademark Office. Report on Prior User rights. United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved from https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/ip/global/prior_user_rights.pdf.
[21] Henkel, J., & Lernbecher (neé Pangerl), S. (2008). Defensive Publishing - An Empirical Study. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[22] Copyrights. (2018). Retrieved from http:// http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/.
[23] "Savelyev, A. (2017). Copyright in the Blockchain Era: Promises and Challenges. SSRN Electronic Journal.".
[24] "Chesbrough, H. W. (2006) Open innovation: a new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., West, J. (eds), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.".
[25] Introducing the Innovator’s Patent Agreement. (2012). Retrieved from https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/a/2012/introducing-the-innovator-s-patent-agreement.html.
[26] Musk, E. (2014). All Our Patent Are Belong To You. Retrieved from https://www.tesla.com/blog/all-our-patent-are-belong-you.
[27] Bashir, I. (2017). Mastering Blockchain (2nd ed., pp. 10 - 20). Brimingham: Packt Publishing Ltd.
[28] Greenfield, R. (2018). Explaining How Proof of Stake, Proof of Work, Hashing and Blockchain Work Together. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@robertgreenfieldiv/explaining-proof-of-stake-f1eae6feb26f.
[29] McKinlay, J., Pithouse, D., McGonagle, J., & Sanders, J. (2018). Blockchain: background, challenges and legal issues | Insights | DLA Piper Global Law Firm. Retrieved from https://www.dlapiper.com/en/denmark/insights/publications/2017/06/blockchain-backgr.
[30] Gipp, B., Meuschke, N., & Gernandt, A. (2015). Decentralized Trusted Timestamping using the Crypto Currency Bitcoin. In iConference. Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/73770/478_ready.pdf.
[31] Savelyev, A. (2017). Copyright in the Blockchain Era: Promises and Challenges. SSRN Electronic Journal.
[32] Terenzi, C. (2018). The Blockchain Platform that Enables Interaction between other Blockchains | UseTheBitcoin. Retrieved from https://usethebitcoin.com/blockchain-platform-enables-interaction-blockchains/.
[33] European Parlimentary Research Service. (2017). How blockchain technology could change our lives (pp. 10 - 12).
[34] Seulliet, E. (2016). Open innovation, co-creation: why blockchain is a small revolution. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@ericseulliet/open-innovation-co-creation-why-blockchain-is-a-small-revolution-73e7d0b480d5.
[35] Admin, S. (2018). Starbase. Retrieved from https://starbase.co/.
[36] Helms, K. (2017). Countdown: Bitcoin Will Be a Legal Method of Payment in Japan in Two Months - Bitcoin News. Retrieved from https://news.bitcoin.com/countdown-bitcoin-legal-payment-japan-two-months/.
[37] Shea, G. (2018). Vermont Passes Landmark Blockchain Legislation - Gravel & Shea PC. Retrieved from http://www.gravelshea.com/2018/06/vermont-passes-landmark-blockchain-legislation/.
[38] Tran, J. (2018). What Is Admissible Evidence? | LegalMatch Law Library. Retrieved from https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/what-is-admissible-evidence.html.
[39] McMullen, G. (2017). Blockchain & Law in 2017: – IPDB Blog – Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/ipdb-blog/blockchain-and-law-in-2017-f535cb0e06c4.
[40] Zhao, W. (2018). Blockchain Can Legally Authenticate Evidence, Chinese Judge Rules - CoinDesk. Retrieved from https://www.coindesk.com/blockchain-can-legally-authenticate-evidence-chinese-judge-rules/.
[41] Bernstein. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.bernstein.io/.
[42] Bitcoin.com. (2018). Retrieved from https://notary.bitcoin.com/.
[43] Binded. (2018). Retrieved from https://binded.com/.
[44] Blocknotary. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.blocknotary.com/.
[45] Proofstack. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.blocknotary.com/.
[46] Higgins, S. (2017). Bitcoin Miner Canaan Acquires Blockchain Notary Service - CoinDesk. Retrieved from https://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-miner-canaan-acquires-blockchain-notary-service/.
[47] Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., & Terra, B. R. C. (2000). The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research policy, 29(2), 313-330.
[48] Florida, R (1999). Engine or Infrastructure? The university role in economic development.
[49] Draghici, A., Baban, C., Gogan, M. and Ivascu, L. (2014). A Knowledge Management Approach for the University-industry Collaboration in Open Innovation.
[50] Rómulo, P., Patricio, V., & Langa, A. (2015) The institutionalization of universities’ third mission: introduction to the special issue, European Journal of Higher Education, 5:3, 227-232.
[51] Dubickis, M., & Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2015). Perspectives on Innovation and Technology Transfer.
[52] McWilliams, A., Siegel, D., & Wright, P. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications*.
[53] Kieser, A. (1981). Book Reviews: Henry Mintzberg: The Structuring of Organizations 1979, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Organization Studies, 2(2), 185-188.
[54] Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1999). The future location of research and technology transfer. Journal of Technology, 24(2/3), 111 – 123.
[55] Etzkowitz, H., Mello, J. M. C., Almeida, M. (2005) Towards “meta-innovation” in Brazil: The evolution of the incubator and the emergence of a triple helix. Research Policy, 34(4), 411–424.
[56] Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Social Science Information, 42(3), 293-337.
[57] Ab. Aziz, K., Harris, H., & Norhashim, M. (2011). University Research, Development & Commercialisation Management: A Malaysian Best Practice Case Study. World Review of Business Research. 1. 179-192.
[58] Crespi, G., D´Este, P., Fontana, R., & Geuna, A. (2008). The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer. Science and Technology Policy Research.
[59] Thérin F. (2014) Handbook of Research on Techno-Entrepreneurship, Second Edition. Edward Elgar Publishing.
[60] Bhuiyan, N. (2011). A framework for successful new product development. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 4(4), 746-770.
[61] Gbadegeshin, S. (2017). Stating Best Commercialization Method: An Unanswered Question from Scholars and Practitioners. International Journal of Economics And Management Engineering, 11(5), 1208 - 1214.
[62] Jhonson, E. E. (2012), Intellection Property and the Incentive Fallacy, 39 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 623.
[63] Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.
[64] Cortez, M. (2017). Education Sector Data Breaches Skyrocket in 2017. Retrieved from https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2017/12/education-sector-data-breaches-skyrocket-2017.
[65] Sony, C. (2017). Sony Develops System for Authentication, Sharing, and Rights Management Using Blockchain Technology. Retrieved from https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201708/17-071E/index.html.
[66] MIT, L. (2017). Case Study MIT | Learning Machine. Retrieved from https://www.learningmachine.com/case-studies-mit.
[67] Bogers, M. (2011). The open innovation paradox: knowledge sharing and protection in R&D collaborations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14(1), 93-117.
[68] Etzkovitz, H., & Gopteke, D. (2005). The co-evolution of the university technology transfer office and the linear model of innovation.
[69] Szabo, N. (1994). Smart Contracts. Retrieved from http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html.
[70] Clark, B. (2018). Blockchain and IP Law: A Match Made in Crypto Heaven?. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2018/01/article_0005.html.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:78947", author = "M. Ismail and E. Grifell-Tatjé and A. Paz", title = "Technology Assessment: Exploring Possibilities to Encounter Problems Faced by Intellectual Property through Blockchain", abstract = "A significant discussion on the topic of blockchain as a solution to the issues of intellectual property highlights the relevance that this topic holds. Some experts label this technology as destructive since it holds immense potential to change course of traditional practices. The extent and areas to which this technology can be of use are still being researched. This paper provides an in-depth review on the intellectual property and blockchain technology. Further it explores what makes blockchain suitable for intellectual property, the practical solutions available and the support different governments are offering. This paper further studies the framework of universities in context of its outputs and how can they be streamlined using blockchain technology. The paper concludes by discussing some limitations and future research question.", keywords = "Blockchain, decentralization, open innovation, intellectual property, patents, university-industry relationship. ", volume = "13", number = "7", pages = "368-13", }
