Synthesizing CuFe2O4 Spinel Powders by a Combustion-Like Process for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Coatings
The synthesis of CuFe2O4 spinel powders by an
optimized combustion-like process followed by calcination is
described herein. The samples were characterized using X-ray
diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), dilatometry and 4-probe DC methods.
Different glycine to nitrate (G/N) ratios of 1 (fuel-deficient), 1.48
(stoichiometric) and 2 (fuel-rich) were employed. Calcining the asprepared
powders at 800 and 1000°C for 5 hours showed that the G/N
ratio of 2 results in the formation of the desired copper spinel single
phase at both calcination temperatures. For G/N=1, formation of
CuFe2O4 takes place in three steps. First, iron and copper nitrates
decompose to iron oxide and pure copper. Then, copper transforms to
copper oxide and finally, copper and iron oxides react with each other
to form a copper ferrite spinel phase. The electrical conductivity and
the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered pelletized
samples were 2 S.cm-1 (800°C) and 11×10-6 °C-1 (25-800°C),
respectively.
[1] P. Paknahad, M. Askari, and M. Ghorbanzadeh, “Application of sol-gel
technique to synthesis of Copper-Cobalt spinel on the ferritic stainless
steel used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects”, J. Power Sources, vol.
266, pp. 79, 2014.
[2] S. Joshi, C. Silva, P. Wang, Y. Mozharivskyj, and A. Petric, “Copper-
Magnesium-Manganese spinel coatings for solid oxide fuel cell
interconnects”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 161, pp. F233, 2014.
[3] N. Shaigan, W. Qu, D.G. Ivey, and W. CheN, “A review of recent
progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for
solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects”, J. Power
Sources, vol. 195, pp. 1529, 2010.
[4] W. Qu, L. Jian, J.M. Hill, and D.G. Ivey, “Electrical and microstructural
characterization of spinel phases as potential coatings for SOFC metallic
interconnects”, J. Power Sources, vol. 153, pp. 114, 2006.
[5] D. Gingas¸ I. Mindru, L. Patron, O. Carp, D. Matei, C. Neagoe, and I.
Balint, “Copper ferrite obtained by two soft chemistry routes”, J. Alloys
Compd., vol. 425, pp. 357, 2006.
[6] V. Berbenni, A. Marini, C. Milanese, and G. Bruni, “Solid state
synthesis of CuFe2O4 from Cu(OH)2.CuCO3– 4FeC2O4.2H2O mixtures:
mechanism of reaction and thermal characterization of CuFe2O4”, J.
Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 99, pp. 437, 2010.
[7] N. Hosseini, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Abbasi, and G.M. Choi,
“Microstructural characterization and electrical conductivity of CuxMn3-
xO4 (0.9≤x≤1.3) spinels produced by optimized glycine–nitrate
combustion and mechanical milling processes”, Ceram. Int., vol. 40, pp.
12219, 2014.
[8] S.C. Singhal, “High temperature solid oxide fuel cells: fundamentals,
design and applications”, Elsevier, Ltd., 2003.
[1] P. Paknahad, M. Askari, and M. Ghorbanzadeh, “Application of sol-gel
technique to synthesis of Copper-Cobalt spinel on the ferritic stainless
steel used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects”, J. Power Sources, vol.
266, pp. 79, 2014.
[2] S. Joshi, C. Silva, P. Wang, Y. Mozharivskyj, and A. Petric, “Copper-
Magnesium-Manganese spinel coatings for solid oxide fuel cell
interconnects”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 161, pp. F233, 2014.
[3] N. Shaigan, W. Qu, D.G. Ivey, and W. CheN, “A review of recent
progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for
solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects”, J. Power
Sources, vol. 195, pp. 1529, 2010.
[4] W. Qu, L. Jian, J.M. Hill, and D.G. Ivey, “Electrical and microstructural
characterization of spinel phases as potential coatings for SOFC metallic
interconnects”, J. Power Sources, vol. 153, pp. 114, 2006.
[5] D. Gingas¸ I. Mindru, L. Patron, O. Carp, D. Matei, C. Neagoe, and I.
Balint, “Copper ferrite obtained by two soft chemistry routes”, J. Alloys
Compd., vol. 425, pp. 357, 2006.
[6] V. Berbenni, A. Marini, C. Milanese, and G. Bruni, “Solid state
synthesis of CuFe2O4 from Cu(OH)2.CuCO3– 4FeC2O4.2H2O mixtures:
mechanism of reaction and thermal characterization of CuFe2O4”, J.
Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 99, pp. 437, 2010.
[7] N. Hosseini, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Abbasi, and G.M. Choi,
“Microstructural characterization and electrical conductivity of CuxMn3-
xO4 (0.9≤x≤1.3) spinels produced by optimized glycine–nitrate
combustion and mechanical milling processes”, Ceram. Int., vol. 40, pp.
12219, 2014.
[8] S.C. Singhal, “High temperature solid oxide fuel cells: fundamentals,
design and applications”, Elsevier, Ltd., 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:70613", author = "S. N. Hosseini and M. H. Enayati and F. Karimzadeh and N. M. Sammes", title = "Synthesizing CuFe2O4 Spinel Powders by a Combustion-Like Process for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Coatings", abstract = "The synthesis of CuFe2O4 spinel powders by an
optimized combustion-like process followed by calcination is
described herein. The samples were characterized using X-ray
diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), dilatometry and 4-probe DC methods.
Different glycine to nitrate (G/N) ratios of 1 (fuel-deficient), 1.48
(stoichiometric) and 2 (fuel-rich) were employed. Calcining the asprepared
powders at 800 and 1000°C for 5 hours showed that the G/N
ratio of 2 results in the formation of the desired copper spinel single
phase at both calcination temperatures. For G/N=1, formation of
CuFe2O4 takes place in three steps. First, iron and copper nitrates
decompose to iron oxide and pure copper. Then, copper transforms to
copper oxide and finally, copper and iron oxides react with each other
to form a copper ferrite spinel phase. The electrical conductivity and
the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered pelletized
samples were 2 S.cm-1 (800°C) and 11×10-6 °C-1 (25-800°C),
respectively.", keywords = "SOFC interconnect coatings, Copper ferrite, Spinels,
Electrical conductivity, Glycine–nitrate process.", volume = "9", number = "7", pages = "857-4", }