SELF-Cured Alkali Activated Slag Concrete Mixes- An Experimental Study
Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) mixes are manufactured by activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The aim of the present experimental research was to investigate the effect of increasing the dosages of sodium oxide (Na2O, in the range of 4 to 8%) and the activator modulus (Ms) (i.e. the SiO2/Na2O ratio, in the range of 0.5 to 1.5) of the alkaline solutions, on the workability and strength characteristics of self-cured (air-cured) alkali activated Indian slag concrete mixes. Further the split tensile and flexure strengths for optimal mixes were studied for each dosage of Na2O.It is observed that increase in Na2O concentration increases the compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths, both at the early and later-ages, while increase in Ms, decreases the workability of the mixes. An optimal Ms of 1.25 is found at various Na2O dosages. No significant differences in the strength performances were observed between AASCs manufactured with alkali solutions prepared using either of potable and de-ionized water.
[1] D. M. Roy, "Alkali-Activated Cements Opportunities and Challenges,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol29, pp.249–254, 1999.
[2] F. Puertas, and A. Ferna’ndez-Jime’nez, "Mineralogical and Micro-structural Characterisation of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/Slag Pastes,” Cement and Concrete Composites,Vol 25, pp.287–292, 2003.
[3] A. Fernandez-Jimenez, and A.Palomo, "Composition and Microstructure of Alkali Activated Fly Ash Binder: Effect of the Activator,” Cement and Concrete Research,Vol 35, pp.1984 – 1992, 2005.
[4] T.Bakharev, and I. Patnaikuni,"Microstructure And Durability of Alkali Activated Cementitious Pastes,” The Fifth International Conference on Structural Failure, Durability and Retrofitting, Singapore Concrete Institute, Singapore, pp. 200-206, 1997.
[5] S. D. Wang, K. L. Scrivener, and P. L. Pratt, "Factors Affecting the Strength of Alkali Activated Slag,” Cement and Concrete Research,Vol 24, pp.1033 – 1043, 1994.
[6] T. Bakharev, J. G. Sanjayan, and Y. B. Cheng, "Alkali Activation of Australian Slag Cements,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol29, pp.113 – 120, 1999.
[7] A. S. Vargas, D C. C. MolinVilela, A. C. F,F. J. Silva, B. Pavão, and H. Veit, "The Effect of Na2O/SiO2 Molar Ratio, Curing Temperature and Age on Compressive Strength, Morphology and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol33, pp.653-660, 2011.
[8] K. Somna, C. Jaturapitakkul, P. Kajitvichyanukul, and P. Chindaprasirt, "NaOH-Activated Ground Fly Ash Geopolymer Cured At Ambient Temperature,” Fuel,Vol 90, pp.2118-2124, 2011.
[9] M. F. Nuruddin, D. Samuel, and N. Shafig. "An Experimental Study of Curing Temperatures on Workability Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concretes,” Proceedings of The International Conference on Concrete in the Low Carbon Era, Dundee, Scotland, UK, pp.89-99, 2012.
[10] Z.Vladimir, "Effects of Type and Dosage of Alkaline Activator and Temperature on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixtures,” Construction and Building Materials,Vol 21, pp.1463–1469, 2007.
[11] K. H. Yang,J. K. Song, A. F. Ashour, and E. T. Lee, "Properties of Cementless Mortars Activated by Sodium Silicate,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol22, pp.1981–1989, 2008.
[12] A. M. Neville, "Properties of Concrete,” 4th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd, UK, 1995.
[13] S. Gintautas, D. Mindaugas, S. Arminas, and L, Rimantas, "The Influence of Cement Particles Shape and Concentration on the Rheological Properties of Cement Slurry,” Materials Science, Vol11, pp.150-158, 2005.
[14] A. A. Adam, T. C. K.Molyneaux, I.Patnaikuni, and D. W Law, "Sorptivity and Carbonation of Geopolymer Concrete,” Challenges, Opportunities and Solutions in Structural Engineering and Construction – Ghafoori (ed.) Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp.563 - 568, 2010.
[15] A. A. Adam, "Strength and Durability Properties of Alkali Activated Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete,” PhD Thesis, School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, August, 2009.
[16] P. SrinivasaRao, and P. Sravana, "Relation Between Splitting Tensile and Compressive Strength of Concrete,” CE and CR, pp.39-44, June – 2005.
[17] W. H. Price, "Factors Influencing Concrete Strength,” ACI Journal, Feb. 1951.
[18] IS 8112: 2013. Ordinary Portland cement, 43 grade- specification (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India,2013.
[19] IS 383:1970. Indian standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India,1970.
[20] IS 10262 – 2009, Concrete Mix Proportioning – Guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards (First Revision), 2009.
[21] IS 1199 - 1959, Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991.
[22] IS 516 - 1959, Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991.
[23] IS 9399 - 1979, Specification For Apparatus For Flexural Testing of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1980.
[24] IS 5816 - 1999, Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete - Method of Test (First Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, 1999.
[1] D. M. Roy, "Alkali-Activated Cements Opportunities and Challenges,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol29, pp.249–254, 1999.
[2] F. Puertas, and A. Ferna’ndez-Jime’nez, "Mineralogical and Micro-structural Characterisation of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash/Slag Pastes,” Cement and Concrete Composites,Vol 25, pp.287–292, 2003.
[3] A. Fernandez-Jimenez, and A.Palomo, "Composition and Microstructure of Alkali Activated Fly Ash Binder: Effect of the Activator,” Cement and Concrete Research,Vol 35, pp.1984 – 1992, 2005.
[4] T.Bakharev, and I. Patnaikuni,"Microstructure And Durability of Alkali Activated Cementitious Pastes,” The Fifth International Conference on Structural Failure, Durability and Retrofitting, Singapore Concrete Institute, Singapore, pp. 200-206, 1997.
[5] S. D. Wang, K. L. Scrivener, and P. L. Pratt, "Factors Affecting the Strength of Alkali Activated Slag,” Cement and Concrete Research,Vol 24, pp.1033 – 1043, 1994.
[6] T. Bakharev, J. G. Sanjayan, and Y. B. Cheng, "Alkali Activation of Australian Slag Cements,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol29, pp.113 – 120, 1999.
[7] A. S. Vargas, D C. C. MolinVilela, A. C. F,F. J. Silva, B. Pavão, and H. Veit, "The Effect of Na2O/SiO2 Molar Ratio, Curing Temperature and Age on Compressive Strength, Morphology and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol33, pp.653-660, 2011.
[8] K. Somna, C. Jaturapitakkul, P. Kajitvichyanukul, and P. Chindaprasirt, "NaOH-Activated Ground Fly Ash Geopolymer Cured At Ambient Temperature,” Fuel,Vol 90, pp.2118-2124, 2011.
[9] M. F. Nuruddin, D. Samuel, and N. Shafig. "An Experimental Study of Curing Temperatures on Workability Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concretes,” Proceedings of The International Conference on Concrete in the Low Carbon Era, Dundee, Scotland, UK, pp.89-99, 2012.
[10] Z.Vladimir, "Effects of Type and Dosage of Alkaline Activator and Temperature on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixtures,” Construction and Building Materials,Vol 21, pp.1463–1469, 2007.
[11] K. H. Yang,J. K. Song, A. F. Ashour, and E. T. Lee, "Properties of Cementless Mortars Activated by Sodium Silicate,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol22, pp.1981–1989, 2008.
[12] A. M. Neville, "Properties of Concrete,” 4th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd, UK, 1995.
[13] S. Gintautas, D. Mindaugas, S. Arminas, and L, Rimantas, "The Influence of Cement Particles Shape and Concentration on the Rheological Properties of Cement Slurry,” Materials Science, Vol11, pp.150-158, 2005.
[14] A. A. Adam, T. C. K.Molyneaux, I.Patnaikuni, and D. W Law, "Sorptivity and Carbonation of Geopolymer Concrete,” Challenges, Opportunities and Solutions in Structural Engineering and Construction – Ghafoori (ed.) Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp.563 - 568, 2010.
[15] A. A. Adam, "Strength and Durability Properties of Alkali Activated Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete,” PhD Thesis, School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, August, 2009.
[16] P. SrinivasaRao, and P. Sravana, "Relation Between Splitting Tensile and Compressive Strength of Concrete,” CE and CR, pp.39-44, June – 2005.
[17] W. H. Price, "Factors Influencing Concrete Strength,” ACI Journal, Feb. 1951.
[18] IS 8112: 2013. Ordinary Portland cement, 43 grade- specification (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India,2013.
[19] IS 383:1970. Indian standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India,1970.
[20] IS 10262 – 2009, Concrete Mix Proportioning – Guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards (First Revision), 2009.
[21] IS 1199 - 1959, Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991.
[22] IS 516 - 1959, Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991.
[23] IS 9399 - 1979, Specification For Apparatus For Flexural Testing of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, 1980.
[24] IS 5816 - 1999, Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete - Method of Test (First Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, 1999.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:63435", author = "Mithun B. M. and Mattur C. Narasimhan", title = "SELF-Cured Alkali Activated Slag Concrete Mixes- An Experimental Study", abstract = "Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) mixes are manufactured by activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The aim of the present experimental research was to investigate the effect of increasing the dosages of sodium oxide (Na2O, in the range of 4 to 8%) and the activator modulus (Ms) (i.e. the SiO2/Na2O ratio, in the range of 0.5 to 1.5) of the alkaline solutions, on the workability and strength characteristics of self-cured (air-cured) alkali activated Indian slag concrete mixes. Further the split tensile and flexure strengths for optimal mixes were studied for each dosage of Na2O.It is observed that increase in Na2O concentration increases the compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths, both at the early and later-ages, while increase in Ms, decreases the workability of the mixes. An optimal Ms of 1.25 is found at various Na2O dosages. No significant differences in the strength performances were observed between AASCs manufactured with alkali solutions prepared using either of potable and de-ionized water.
", keywords = "Alkali activated slag, self-curing, strength characteristics. ", volume = "8", number = "4", pages = "359-6", }
