Screening Wheat Parents of Mapping Population for Heat and Drought Tolerance, Detection of Wheat Genetic Variation
To evaluate genetic variation of wheat (Triticum
aestivum) affected by heat and drought stress on eight Australian
wheat genotypes that are parents of Doubled Haploid (HD) mapping
populations at the vegetative stage, the water stress experiment was
conducted at 65% field capacity in growth room. Heat stress
experiment was conducted in the research field under irrigation over
summer. Result show that water stress decreased dry shoot weight
and RWC but increased osmolarity and means of Fv/Fm values in all
varieties except for Krichauff. Krichauff and Kukri had the
maximum RWC under drought stress. Trident variety was shown
maximum WUE, osmolarity (610 mM/Kg), dry mater, quantum yield
and Fv/Fm 0.815 under water stress condition. However, the
recovery of quantum yield was apparent between 4 to 7 days after
stress in all varieties. Nevertheless, increase in water stress after that
lead to strong decrease in quantum yield. There was a genetic
variation for leaf pigments content among varieties under heat stress.
Heat stress decreased significantly the total chlorophyll content that
measured by SPAD. Krichauff had maximum value of Anthocyanin
content (2.978 A/g FW), chlorophyll a+b (2.001 mg/g FW) and
chlorophyll a (1.502 mg/g FW). Maximum value of chlorophyll b
(0.515 mg/g FW) and Carotenoids (0.234 mg/g FW) content
belonged to Kukri. The quantum yield of all varieties decreased
significantly, when the weather temperature increased from 28 ÔùªC to
36 ÔùªC during the 6 days. However, the recovery of quantum yield
was apparent after 8th day in all varieties. The maximum decrease
and recovery in quantum yield was observed in Krichauff. Drought
and heat tolerant and moderately tolerant wheat genotypes were
included Trident, Krichauff, Kukri and RAC875. Molineux, Berkut
and Excalibur were clustered into most sensitive and moderately
sensitive genotypes. Finally, the results show that there was a
significantly genetic variation among the eight varieties that were
studied under heat and water stress.
[1] A. Al-Hakimi, and P. Mannoveux, "Morpho-physiological traits related
to drought tolerance in primitive wheats". In: A. B. Damania (ed.),
Biodiversity and Wheat Improvement, 199-217.Academic Press, New
York.1993.
[2] R.D. Allen, "Dissection of oxidative stress tolerance using transgenic
plants". Plant Physiology, 107: 1049-1054, 1995.
[3] J.R. Andrews, G.J. Bredenkamp, and N.R. Baker, "Evaluation of the role
of state transitions in determining the efficiency of light utilization for
CO2 assimilation in leaves". Photosynthesis Research, 38: 15-26, 1993.
[4] J.L. Araus, T. Amaro, J., Voltas, H. Nakkoul, and M.M. Nachit,
"Chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection criterion for grain yield in
durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions". Field Crop Research,
55: 209-223, 1998.
[5] D.I. Arnon, "Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.
Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris". Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15, 1949.
[6] K. Asada, "The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active
oxygen and dissipation of excess photons". Annual Review of Plant
Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50: 601-637, 1999.
[7] F. Babani, and P. Mathis, "Effect of high temperature on some wheat
varieties via chlorophyll fluorescence". Vol, IV. Proceeding of the Xth
International Photosynthesis congress, Montpellier, France, 797-800,
1995.
[8] T. Balakumar, V.H.B. Vincent, and K. Paliwal, "On the interaction of
UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) with water stress in crop plants".
Physiologia Plantarum, 87: 217-222, 1993.
[9] M. Balota, and H.K. Lichenthaler, "Red chlorophyll fluorescence as an
ecophysiological method to assess the behavior of wheat genotypes
under drought and heat". Cereal Research Communication, 27: 179-187,
1999.
[10] A. Blum, "Crop responses to drought and the interpretation of
adaptation". Plant Growth Regul, 20: 57-70. 1996.
[11] A. Blum, N. Klueva, and H.T. Nguyen, "Wheat cellular thermotolerance
is related to yield under stress". Euphytica, 117: 117-123,
2001.
[12] G. Cornic, and A. Masacci, "Leaf photosynthesis under drought stress.
In: Baker NR (ed) Photosynthesis and the Environment". Kluwer
Academic Publishers, pp 347-366, 1996.
[13] B. Ehdaie, A.E. Hall, G.D. Farquhar, H.T. Nguyen, and J.G. Waines,
"Water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in wheat". Crop
science, 31: 1282-1288, 1991.
[14] Z. Flagella, R.G. Campanile, G. Rogna, M.C. Stoppelli, D. Pastore, Ade.
Caro, D-di. Fonza, A. De-Caro, and N. Di-Fonzo, "The maintenance
of photosynthetic electron transport in relation to osmotic adjustment in
durum wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance". Plant Science
Lamerick, 118: 127-133, 1996.
[15] C.H. Foyer, M. Lelandais, and K.J. Kunert, "Photooxidative stress in
plants". Physiologia Plantarum, 92: 696-717, 1994.
[16] H.A. Frank, and R.J. Cogdell, "Carotenoids in photosynthesis".
Photochem Photobiol, 63: 257-264, 1996.
[17] Y.T. Gan, P.R. Millerb, B.G. McConkeya, R.P. Zentnera, F.C.
Stevensonc and C.L. McDonalda, "Influence of Diverse Cropping
Sequences on Durum Wheat Yield and Protein in the Semiarid Northern
Great Plains". Agronomy Journal, 95: 245-252, 2003.
[18] Genstat 6 Committee. "Genstat 6 Release 3 Reference Manual". Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1997.
[19] B. Genty, J.M. Briantais, and N.R. Baker, "The relationship between the
quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of
chlorophyll fluorescence". Biochim Biophys Acta, 990: 87-92, 1989.
[20] A.D. Hanson, and W.D. Hitz, "Metabolic responses of mesophytes to
plant water deficits". Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33: 163-203,
1983.
[21] M. Havaux, "Characterization of thermal damage to the photosynthetic
electron transport system in potato leaves". Plant Science, 94: 19-33,
1992.
[22] M. Havaux, and F. Tardy, "Loss of chlorophyll with limited reduction of
photosynthesis as an adaptive response of Syrian barley landrace to high
light and heat stress". Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 26: 569-
578, 1999.
[23] J.X. He, J. Wang, and H.G. Liang, "Effects of water stress on
photochemical function and protein metabolism of Photosystem II in
wheat leaves". Physiology Plant, 93: 771-777. 1995.
[24] S.S. Hong, and D.Q. Xu, "Light induced increase in initial chlorophyll
fluorescence F0 level and the revisable inactivation of PSII reaction
centers in soybean leaves". Photosynthesis Research, 61: 269-280, 1999.
[25] I. James, L. Mprison, and R.M. Gifford, "Plant growth and water use
with limited water supply in high CO2 concentrations. Leaf area, water
use and transpiration". Journal of plant physiology, 11: 361-374, 1984.
[26] X.L. Jia, J.L. Jian, R.K. Ma, and J.L. Lu, "A study on water use
efficiency and its components in high yielding winter wheat". Acta
Agronomica Sinica, 25: 309-314, 1999.
[27] P.D. Jones, and R.S. Bradley, "Climatic variations over last 500 years.
In, climate since A.D. 1500". (Eds; R.S. Bradely and P.D. Jones). pp,
665. Publisher, Loutledge, London, 1992.
[28] M.A. Karim, Y. Fracheboud, and P. Stamp, "Photosynthetic activity of
developing leaves of Zea mays is less affected by heat stress than that of
developed leaves". Physiologia Plantarum, 105: 685-693, 1999.
[29] M.I. Kicheva, T.D. Tsonev, and L.P. Popova, "Stomatal and nonstomatal
limitations to photosynthesis in two wheat cultivars subjected
to water stress". Photosynthetica, 30: 107-116, 1994.
[30] T.E. Kraus, B.D. McKersie, and R.A. Fletcher, "Paclobutrazol induced
tolerance of wheat leaves to paraquat may involve increased antioxidant
enzyme activity". Journal of Plant Physiology, 145: 570-576, 1995.
[31] H.K. Lichtenthaler, and A.R. wellburn, "Determination of total
Carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in different
solvents". Biochem. Soc. Trans, 11: 591-592, 1983.
[32] C.M. Lu, and J.H. Zhang, "Heat induced multiple effects on PS II in
wheat plants". Journal of Plant Physiology, 156: 259-265, 2000.
[33] M. Menconi, C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Activated
oxygen production and detoxification in wheat plants subjected to a
water deficit programme". J. Exp. Bot, 46: 1123-1130, 1995.
[34] J.F. Moran, M. Becana, I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, S. Frechilla, R.V. Klucas,
and P. "Aparicio-Trejo, Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants".
Planta, 194: 346-352, 1994.
[35] J.E. Muller, and M.S. Whitsitt, "Plant cellular responses to water
deficit". Plant Growth Regul, 20: 41-46, 1996.
[36] J.M. Nyachiro, K.G. Briggs, J. Hoddinott, A.M. Johnson-Flanagan,
"Chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and water deficit in
spring wheat". Cereal Res. Commun, 29: 135-142, 2001.
[37] A.H. Price, and O.A.F. Hendry, "Iron-catalysed oxygen radical
formation and its possible contribution to drought in nine native grasses
and three cereals". Plant, Cell and Environment, 14: 477-484, 1991.
[38] R.A. Richards, G.J. Rebetzke, and A.G. Condon, "Genetic improvement
of water use efficiency and yield of dry land wheat". In, Proceedings 9th
International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Saskatoon, Canada, Volume
1, pp, 57-60, 1998.
[39] M.M. Saadalla, "Water use efficiency and its components of wheat
genotypes for varying droght tolerance". Annals of Agriculture Science
Cairo. 46: 85-102, 2001.
[40] R.K. Sairam and D.C. Saxena, "Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in
Wheat Genotypes: Possible Mechanism of Water Stress Tolerance".
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184: 55-61, 2000.
[41] R.K. Sairam, P.S. Deshmukh, D.S. Shukla, and S. Ram, "Metabolic
activity and grain yield under moisture stress in wheat genotypes".
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 33: 226-231, 1997.
[42] R.K. Sairam, D.S. Shukla, and D.C. Saxena, "Stress induced injury and
antioxidant enzymes in relation to drought tolerance in wheat
genotypes". Biol. Plant, 40: 357-364, 1997/98.
[43] C.L.M. Sgherri, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Sunflower seedlings subjected to
increasing water deficit stress: Oxidative stress and defense
mechanisms". Physiology Plant, 93: 25-30, 1995.
[44] C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Chemical changes and
O2 _ production in thylakoid membranes under water stress". Physiology
Plant, 87: 211-216, 1993.
[45] C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Sunflower seedlings
subjected to increasing water stress by water deficit: Changes in O2 _
production related to the composition of thylakoid membranes".
Physiology Plant, 96: 446-452, 1996.
[46] Z. Shangguan, M.G. Shao, and J. Dyckmans, "Effects of nitrogen
nutrition and water deficit on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll
fluorescence in winter wheat". J. Plant Physiol, 156: 46-51, 2000.
[47] T.D. Sharkey, M.R. Badger, S. Caemmerer, and T.J. Andrews,
"Increased heat sensitivity of photosynthesis in tobacco plants with
reduced Rubisco activase". Photosynthesis Research, 67: 147-156, 2001.
[48] N. Smirnoff, "The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to
water deficit and desiccation". New Phytol, 125: 27-58, 1993.
[49] E.A. Tambussi, C.G. Bartoli, J. Beltrano, J.J. Guimet, and J.L. Araus,
"Oxidative damage to thylakoid proteins in winter stressed leaves of
wheat". Physiologia Plantarum, 108: 398-404, 2000.
[50] F. Tardy, A. Creach, and M. Havaux, "Photosynthetic pigment
concentration. Organization and enter conversions in a pale green Syrian
landrace of barley adapted to harsh climatic conditions". Plant Cell
Environment, 21: 479-489, 1998.
[51] B. Vani, S.P. Pardha, and P.C. Mohanty, "Characterization of high
temperature induced stress impairments in thylakoids of rice seedlings".
Indian Journal of Biochemistry Biophysics, 38: 220-229, 2001.
[52] J.G. Waines, "High temperature stress in wild wheats and spring
wheats". Australian Journal of plant physiology, 21: 705-715, 1994.
[53] C.C. Xu, H.Y. Lee, and C.H. Lee, "Recovery from low temperature
photo inhibition is not governed by changes in the level of zeaxanthin in
rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves". Journal of Plant Physiology, 155: 755-
761, 1999.
[54] X.L. Xu, Z.M. Wang, and J.P. Zhang, "Effect of heat stress on
photosynthetic characteristics of different green organs of winter wheat
during grain-filling stage". Acta Bot. Sci., 43: 571-577, 2001.
[55] Z.M. Yang, S.J. Zheng, A.T. Hu, Y.F. Zheng, and J.Y. Yan, "Response
of cucumber plants to increase UV-B radiation under water stress".
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 12: 236-240, 2000.
[56] I. Yordanov, K. Georgieva, V. Velikova, T. Tsonev, M. Merakchiiska-
Nikolova, S. Paunova, and D. Stefanov, "Response of the photosynthetic
apparatus of different wheat genotypes to drought: I. Laboratory
experiments under controlled light and temperature conditions". Dokl.
Bolg. Akad. Nauk, 54: 79-84, 2001.
[57] A.J. Young, "The photoprotective role of carotenoids in higher plants".
Physiologia Plantarum, 83: 702-708, 1991.
[58] M. Zaharieva, E. Gaulin., M. Havaux, E. Acevedo, and P. Monneveux,
"Drought and heat responses in the wild wheat relative Aegilops Roth:
potential interest wheat improvement". Crop Science, 41: 1321-1329,
2001.
[59] J. Zhang, and M.B. Kirkham, "Antioxidant responses to drought in
sunflower and sorghum seedlings". New Phytol, 132: 361-373, 1996.
[1] A. Al-Hakimi, and P. Mannoveux, "Morpho-physiological traits related
to drought tolerance in primitive wheats". In: A. B. Damania (ed.),
Biodiversity and Wheat Improvement, 199-217.Academic Press, New
York.1993.
[2] R.D. Allen, "Dissection of oxidative stress tolerance using transgenic
plants". Plant Physiology, 107: 1049-1054, 1995.
[3] J.R. Andrews, G.J. Bredenkamp, and N.R. Baker, "Evaluation of the role
of state transitions in determining the efficiency of light utilization for
CO2 assimilation in leaves". Photosynthesis Research, 38: 15-26, 1993.
[4] J.L. Araus, T. Amaro, J., Voltas, H. Nakkoul, and M.M. Nachit,
"Chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection criterion for grain yield in
durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions". Field Crop Research,
55: 209-223, 1998.
[5] D.I. Arnon, "Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.
Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris". Plant Physiology, 24: 1-15, 1949.
[6] K. Asada, "The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active
oxygen and dissipation of excess photons". Annual Review of Plant
Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50: 601-637, 1999.
[7] F. Babani, and P. Mathis, "Effect of high temperature on some wheat
varieties via chlorophyll fluorescence". Vol, IV. Proceeding of the Xth
International Photosynthesis congress, Montpellier, France, 797-800,
1995.
[8] T. Balakumar, V.H.B. Vincent, and K. Paliwal, "On the interaction of
UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) with water stress in crop plants".
Physiologia Plantarum, 87: 217-222, 1993.
[9] M. Balota, and H.K. Lichenthaler, "Red chlorophyll fluorescence as an
ecophysiological method to assess the behavior of wheat genotypes
under drought and heat". Cereal Research Communication, 27: 179-187,
1999.
[10] A. Blum, "Crop responses to drought and the interpretation of
adaptation". Plant Growth Regul, 20: 57-70. 1996.
[11] A. Blum, N. Klueva, and H.T. Nguyen, "Wheat cellular thermotolerance
is related to yield under stress". Euphytica, 117: 117-123,
2001.
[12] G. Cornic, and A. Masacci, "Leaf photosynthesis under drought stress.
In: Baker NR (ed) Photosynthesis and the Environment". Kluwer
Academic Publishers, pp 347-366, 1996.
[13] B. Ehdaie, A.E. Hall, G.D. Farquhar, H.T. Nguyen, and J.G. Waines,
"Water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in wheat". Crop
science, 31: 1282-1288, 1991.
[14] Z. Flagella, R.G. Campanile, G. Rogna, M.C. Stoppelli, D. Pastore, Ade.
Caro, D-di. Fonza, A. De-Caro, and N. Di-Fonzo, "The maintenance
of photosynthetic electron transport in relation to osmotic adjustment in
durum wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance". Plant Science
Lamerick, 118: 127-133, 1996.
[15] C.H. Foyer, M. Lelandais, and K.J. Kunert, "Photooxidative stress in
plants". Physiologia Plantarum, 92: 696-717, 1994.
[16] H.A. Frank, and R.J. Cogdell, "Carotenoids in photosynthesis".
Photochem Photobiol, 63: 257-264, 1996.
[17] Y.T. Gan, P.R. Millerb, B.G. McConkeya, R.P. Zentnera, F.C.
Stevensonc and C.L. McDonalda, "Influence of Diverse Cropping
Sequences on Durum Wheat Yield and Protein in the Semiarid Northern
Great Plains". Agronomy Journal, 95: 245-252, 2003.
[18] Genstat 6 Committee. "Genstat 6 Release 3 Reference Manual". Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1997.
[19] B. Genty, J.M. Briantais, and N.R. Baker, "The relationship between the
quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of
chlorophyll fluorescence". Biochim Biophys Acta, 990: 87-92, 1989.
[20] A.D. Hanson, and W.D. Hitz, "Metabolic responses of mesophytes to
plant water deficits". Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33: 163-203,
1983.
[21] M. Havaux, "Characterization of thermal damage to the photosynthetic
electron transport system in potato leaves". Plant Science, 94: 19-33,
1992.
[22] M. Havaux, and F. Tardy, "Loss of chlorophyll with limited reduction of
photosynthesis as an adaptive response of Syrian barley landrace to high
light and heat stress". Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 26: 569-
578, 1999.
[23] J.X. He, J. Wang, and H.G. Liang, "Effects of water stress on
photochemical function and protein metabolism of Photosystem II in
wheat leaves". Physiology Plant, 93: 771-777. 1995.
[24] S.S. Hong, and D.Q. Xu, "Light induced increase in initial chlorophyll
fluorescence F0 level and the revisable inactivation of PSII reaction
centers in soybean leaves". Photosynthesis Research, 61: 269-280, 1999.
[25] I. James, L. Mprison, and R.M. Gifford, "Plant growth and water use
with limited water supply in high CO2 concentrations. Leaf area, water
use and transpiration". Journal of plant physiology, 11: 361-374, 1984.
[26] X.L. Jia, J.L. Jian, R.K. Ma, and J.L. Lu, "A study on water use
efficiency and its components in high yielding winter wheat". Acta
Agronomica Sinica, 25: 309-314, 1999.
[27] P.D. Jones, and R.S. Bradley, "Climatic variations over last 500 years.
In, climate since A.D. 1500". (Eds; R.S. Bradely and P.D. Jones). pp,
665. Publisher, Loutledge, London, 1992.
[28] M.A. Karim, Y. Fracheboud, and P. Stamp, "Photosynthetic activity of
developing leaves of Zea mays is less affected by heat stress than that of
developed leaves". Physiologia Plantarum, 105: 685-693, 1999.
[29] M.I. Kicheva, T.D. Tsonev, and L.P. Popova, "Stomatal and nonstomatal
limitations to photosynthesis in two wheat cultivars subjected
to water stress". Photosynthetica, 30: 107-116, 1994.
[30] T.E. Kraus, B.D. McKersie, and R.A. Fletcher, "Paclobutrazol induced
tolerance of wheat leaves to paraquat may involve increased antioxidant
enzyme activity". Journal of Plant Physiology, 145: 570-576, 1995.
[31] H.K. Lichtenthaler, and A.R. wellburn, "Determination of total
Carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in different
solvents". Biochem. Soc. Trans, 11: 591-592, 1983.
[32] C.M. Lu, and J.H. Zhang, "Heat induced multiple effects on PS II in
wheat plants". Journal of Plant Physiology, 156: 259-265, 2000.
[33] M. Menconi, C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Activated
oxygen production and detoxification in wheat plants subjected to a
water deficit programme". J. Exp. Bot, 46: 1123-1130, 1995.
[34] J.F. Moran, M. Becana, I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, S. Frechilla, R.V. Klucas,
and P. "Aparicio-Trejo, Drought induces oxidative stress in pea plants".
Planta, 194: 346-352, 1994.
[35] J.E. Muller, and M.S. Whitsitt, "Plant cellular responses to water
deficit". Plant Growth Regul, 20: 41-46, 1996.
[36] J.M. Nyachiro, K.G. Briggs, J. Hoddinott, A.M. Johnson-Flanagan,
"Chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and water deficit in
spring wheat". Cereal Res. Commun, 29: 135-142, 2001.
[37] A.H. Price, and O.A.F. Hendry, "Iron-catalysed oxygen radical
formation and its possible contribution to drought in nine native grasses
and three cereals". Plant, Cell and Environment, 14: 477-484, 1991.
[38] R.A. Richards, G.J. Rebetzke, and A.G. Condon, "Genetic improvement
of water use efficiency and yield of dry land wheat". In, Proceedings 9th
International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Saskatoon, Canada, Volume
1, pp, 57-60, 1998.
[39] M.M. Saadalla, "Water use efficiency and its components of wheat
genotypes for varying droght tolerance". Annals of Agriculture Science
Cairo. 46: 85-102, 2001.
[40] R.K. Sairam and D.C. Saxena, "Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in
Wheat Genotypes: Possible Mechanism of Water Stress Tolerance".
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184: 55-61, 2000.
[41] R.K. Sairam, P.S. Deshmukh, D.S. Shukla, and S. Ram, "Metabolic
activity and grain yield under moisture stress in wheat genotypes".
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 33: 226-231, 1997.
[42] R.K. Sairam, D.S. Shukla, and D.C. Saxena, "Stress induced injury and
antioxidant enzymes in relation to drought tolerance in wheat
genotypes". Biol. Plant, 40: 357-364, 1997/98.
[43] C.L.M. Sgherri, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Sunflower seedlings subjected to
increasing water deficit stress: Oxidative stress and defense
mechanisms". Physiology Plant, 93: 25-30, 1995.
[44] C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Chemical changes and
O2 _ production in thylakoid membranes under water stress". Physiology
Plant, 87: 211-216, 1993.
[45] C.L.M. Sgherri, C. Pinzino, and F. Navari-Izzo, "Sunflower seedlings
subjected to increasing water stress by water deficit: Changes in O2 _
production related to the composition of thylakoid membranes".
Physiology Plant, 96: 446-452, 1996.
[46] Z. Shangguan, M.G. Shao, and J. Dyckmans, "Effects of nitrogen
nutrition and water deficit on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll
fluorescence in winter wheat". J. Plant Physiol, 156: 46-51, 2000.
[47] T.D. Sharkey, M.R. Badger, S. Caemmerer, and T.J. Andrews,
"Increased heat sensitivity of photosynthesis in tobacco plants with
reduced Rubisco activase". Photosynthesis Research, 67: 147-156, 2001.
[48] N. Smirnoff, "The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to
water deficit and desiccation". New Phytol, 125: 27-58, 1993.
[49] E.A. Tambussi, C.G. Bartoli, J. Beltrano, J.J. Guimet, and J.L. Araus,
"Oxidative damage to thylakoid proteins in winter stressed leaves of
wheat". Physiologia Plantarum, 108: 398-404, 2000.
[50] F. Tardy, A. Creach, and M. Havaux, "Photosynthetic pigment
concentration. Organization and enter conversions in a pale green Syrian
landrace of barley adapted to harsh climatic conditions". Plant Cell
Environment, 21: 479-489, 1998.
[51] B. Vani, S.P. Pardha, and P.C. Mohanty, "Characterization of high
temperature induced stress impairments in thylakoids of rice seedlings".
Indian Journal of Biochemistry Biophysics, 38: 220-229, 2001.
[52] J.G. Waines, "High temperature stress in wild wheats and spring
wheats". Australian Journal of plant physiology, 21: 705-715, 1994.
[53] C.C. Xu, H.Y. Lee, and C.H. Lee, "Recovery from low temperature
photo inhibition is not governed by changes in the level of zeaxanthin in
rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves". Journal of Plant Physiology, 155: 755-
761, 1999.
[54] X.L. Xu, Z.M. Wang, and J.P. Zhang, "Effect of heat stress on
photosynthetic characteristics of different green organs of winter wheat
during grain-filling stage". Acta Bot. Sci., 43: 571-577, 2001.
[55] Z.M. Yang, S.J. Zheng, A.T. Hu, Y.F. Zheng, and J.Y. Yan, "Response
of cucumber plants to increase UV-B radiation under water stress".
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 12: 236-240, 2000.
[56] I. Yordanov, K. Georgieva, V. Velikova, T. Tsonev, M. Merakchiiska-
Nikolova, S. Paunova, and D. Stefanov, "Response of the photosynthetic
apparatus of different wheat genotypes to drought: I. Laboratory
experiments under controlled light and temperature conditions". Dokl.
Bolg. Akad. Nauk, 54: 79-84, 2001.
[57] A.J. Young, "The photoprotective role of carotenoids in higher plants".
Physiologia Plantarum, 83: 702-708, 1991.
[58] M. Zaharieva, E. Gaulin., M. Havaux, E. Acevedo, and P. Monneveux,
"Drought and heat responses in the wild wheat relative Aegilops Roth:
potential interest wheat improvement". Crop Science, 41: 1321-1329,
2001.
[59] J. Zhang, and M.B. Kirkham, "Antioxidant responses to drought in
sunflower and sorghum seedlings". New Phytol, 132: 361-373, 1996.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:52202", author = "H.R. Balouchi", title = "Screening Wheat Parents of Mapping Population for Heat and Drought Tolerance, Detection of Wheat Genetic Variation", abstract = "To evaluate genetic variation of wheat (Triticum
aestivum) affected by heat and drought stress on eight Australian
wheat genotypes that are parents of Doubled Haploid (HD) mapping
populations at the vegetative stage, the water stress experiment was
conducted at 65% field capacity in growth room. Heat stress
experiment was conducted in the research field under irrigation over
summer. Result show that water stress decreased dry shoot weight
and RWC but increased osmolarity and means of Fv/Fm values in all
varieties except for Krichauff. Krichauff and Kukri had the
maximum RWC under drought stress. Trident variety was shown
maximum WUE, osmolarity (610 mM/Kg), dry mater, quantum yield
and Fv/Fm 0.815 under water stress condition. However, the
recovery of quantum yield was apparent between 4 to 7 days after
stress in all varieties. Nevertheless, increase in water stress after that
lead to strong decrease in quantum yield. There was a genetic
variation for leaf pigments content among varieties under heat stress.
Heat stress decreased significantly the total chlorophyll content that
measured by SPAD. Krichauff had maximum value of Anthocyanin
content (2.978 A/g FW), chlorophyll a+b (2.001 mg/g FW) and
chlorophyll a (1.502 mg/g FW). Maximum value of chlorophyll b
(0.515 mg/g FW) and Carotenoids (0.234 mg/g FW) content
belonged to Kukri. The quantum yield of all varieties decreased
significantly, when the weather temperature increased from 28 ÔùªC to
36 ÔùªC during the 6 days. However, the recovery of quantum yield
was apparent after 8th day in all varieties. The maximum decrease
and recovery in quantum yield was observed in Krichauff. Drought
and heat tolerant and moderately tolerant wheat genotypes were
included Trident, Krichauff, Kukri and RAC875. Molineux, Berkut
and Excalibur were clustered into most sensitive and moderately
sensitive genotypes. Finally, the results show that there was a
significantly genetic variation among the eight varieties that were
studied under heat and water stress.", keywords = "Abiotic stress, Genetic variation, Fluorescence, Wheat genotypes.", volume = "4", number = "6", pages = "405-11", }
