Relation between Properties of Internally Cured Concrete and Water Cement Ratio
In this paper, relationship between different properties
of IC concrete and water cement ratio, obtained from a
comprehensive experiment conducted on IC using local materials
(Burnt clay chips- BC) is presented. In addition, saturated SAP was
used as an IC material in some cases. Relationships have been
developed through regression analysis. The focus of this analysis is
on developing relationship between a dependent variable and an
independent variable. Different percent replacements of BC and
water cement ratios were used. Compressive strength, modulus of
elasticity, water permeability and chloride permeability were tested
and variations of these parameters were analyzed with respect to
water cement ratio.
[1] Concrete in Practice, National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
(NRMCA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
[2] Bentz D.P., Lura P., Roberts J.W., “Mixture Proportioning for Internal
Curing”, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Concrete
International, 2005, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 35-40.
[3] Mather, B., "Self-Curing Concrete, Why Not?" Concrete International,
2004, V. 23, No. I, pp. 46-47.
[4] Brown W.A. “Thermal Desorption Techniques”, Department of
Chemistry, University College, London, 2012. [5] Kausay T., Simon T.K., “Acceptance of Concrete Compressive Strength,
Concrete Structures”, Annual Journal of Hungarian Group of fib,
Budapest, 2007, Vol. 8, pp. 54-63
[6] ASTM D7569-10, Standard Practice for Determination of Gas Content
of Coal-Direct Desorption Method, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.
[7] Tia M. et al, “Modulus of Elasticity, Creep & Shrinkage of Concrete”,
Final Report, US Department of Transportation and Federal Highway
Administration, 2009.
[8] Elkem Micro Silica, “Water Permeability”, Elkem ASA Materials,
Norway, 2001.
[9] Zain, M.F.M., Suhad, M., Abd-Hamid, R. and Jamil, M., Potential for
“Utilizing Concrete Mix Properties to Predict Strength at Different
Ages”, Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010, pp. 2831-2838.
[10] Snell L. M., Roekel J.V., Wallace N.D., “Predicting Early Concrete
Strength”, Concrete International, 1989, Vol. 11(12), pp. 43-47.
[11] Rawlings J. O. Pantula S. G., Dickey D. A., “Applied Regression
Analysis-A Research Tool” (Second Edition), Springer Texts in
Statistics, 1998.
[12] ASTM C136-01, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
[13] ASTM C128–01, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
[14] ASTM C29–97, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight")
and Voids in Aggregate, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997.
[15] ASTM C187 –11e1, Standard Test Method for Normal Consistency of
Hydraulic Cement. West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
[16] ASTM C191 –13, Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of
Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[17] ASTM C109/C109M–13, Standard Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or (50-mm) Cube
Specimens). West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[18] ASTM C39–14a, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003.
[19] ASTM C469 – 02, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of
Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2002.
[20] ASTM C 1202 – 97, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of
Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, West
Conshohocken, PA, 1997.
[21] BS 1881-113, Testing Concrete. Method for Making and Curing No-
Fines Test Cubes, ISBN 978-0-580-75323-7, BSI, 2011.
[22] Elkem Micro Silica, “Water Permeability”, Elkem ASA Materials,
Norway, 2001.
[23] Iffat S., “Efficiency of Internal Curing in Concrete using Local Materials
with different Curing Conditions”, M.Sc. in Civil Engineering
(Structural) Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014.
[1] Concrete in Practice, National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
(NRMCA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
[2] Bentz D.P., Lura P., Roberts J.W., “Mixture Proportioning for Internal
Curing”, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Concrete
International, 2005, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 35-40.
[3] Mather, B., "Self-Curing Concrete, Why Not?" Concrete International,
2004, V. 23, No. I, pp. 46-47.
[4] Brown W.A. “Thermal Desorption Techniques”, Department of
Chemistry, University College, London, 2012. [5] Kausay T., Simon T.K., “Acceptance of Concrete Compressive Strength,
Concrete Structures”, Annual Journal of Hungarian Group of fib,
Budapest, 2007, Vol. 8, pp. 54-63
[6] ASTM D7569-10, Standard Practice for Determination of Gas Content
of Coal-Direct Desorption Method, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.
[7] Tia M. et al, “Modulus of Elasticity, Creep & Shrinkage of Concrete”,
Final Report, US Department of Transportation and Federal Highway
Administration, 2009.
[8] Elkem Micro Silica, “Water Permeability”, Elkem ASA Materials,
Norway, 2001.
[9] Zain, M.F.M., Suhad, M., Abd-Hamid, R. and Jamil, M., Potential for
“Utilizing Concrete Mix Properties to Predict Strength at Different
Ages”, Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010, pp. 2831-2838.
[10] Snell L. M., Roekel J.V., Wallace N.D., “Predicting Early Concrete
Strength”, Concrete International, 1989, Vol. 11(12), pp. 43-47.
[11] Rawlings J. O. Pantula S. G., Dickey D. A., “Applied Regression
Analysis-A Research Tool” (Second Edition), Springer Texts in
Statistics, 1998.
[12] ASTM C136-01, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
[13] ASTM C128–01, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
[14] ASTM C29–97, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight")
and Voids in Aggregate, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997.
[15] ASTM C187 –11e1, Standard Test Method for Normal Consistency of
Hydraulic Cement. West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
[16] ASTM C191 –13, Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of
Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[17] ASTM C109/C109M–13, Standard Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or (50-mm) Cube
Specimens). West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
[18] ASTM C39–14a, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003.
[19] ASTM C469 – 02, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of
Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2002.
[20] ASTM C 1202 – 97, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of
Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, West
Conshohocken, PA, 1997.
[21] BS 1881-113, Testing Concrete. Method for Making and Curing No-
Fines Test Cubes, ISBN 978-0-580-75323-7, BSI, 2011.
[22] Elkem Micro Silica, “Water Permeability”, Elkem ASA Materials,
Norway, 2001.
[23] Iffat S., “Efficiency of Internal Curing in Concrete using Local Materials
with different Curing Conditions”, M.Sc. in Civil Engineering
(Structural) Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:70830", author = "T. Manzur and S. Iffat and M. A. Noor", title = "Relation between Properties of Internally Cured Concrete and Water Cement Ratio", abstract = "In this paper, relationship between different properties
of IC concrete and water cement ratio, obtained from a
comprehensive experiment conducted on IC using local materials
(Burnt clay chips- BC) is presented. In addition, saturated SAP was
used as an IC material in some cases. Relationships have been
developed through regression analysis. The focus of this analysis is
on developing relationship between a dependent variable and an
independent variable. Different percent replacements of BC and
water cement ratios were used. Compressive strength, modulus of
elasticity, water permeability and chloride permeability were tested
and variations of these parameters were analyzed with respect to
water cement ratio.", keywords = "Compressive strength, concrete, curing, lightweight,
aggregate, superabsorbent polymer, internal curing.", volume = "9", number = "9", pages = "1190-4", }
