Quantification of Biomethane Potential from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste at Vaal University of Technology
The global urbanisation and worldwide economic growth have caused a high rate of food waste generation, resulting in environmental pollution. Food waste disposed on landfills decomposes to produce methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Inadequate waste management practices contribute to food waste polluting the environment. Thus effective organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) management and treatment are attracting widespread attention in many countries. This problem can be minimised by the employment of anaerobic digestion process, since food waste is rich in organic matter and highly biodegradable, resulting in energy generation and waste volume reduction. The current study investigated the Biomethane Potential (BMP) of the Vaal University of Technology canteen food waste using anaerobic digestion. Tests were performed on canteen food waste, as a substrate, with total solids (TS) of 22%, volatile solids (VS) of 21% and moisture content of 78%. The tests were performed in batch reactors, at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C, with two different types of inoculum, primary and digested sludge. The resulting CH4 yields for both food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge were equal, being 357 Nml/g VS. This indicated that food waste form this canteen is rich in organic and highly biodegradable. Hence it can be used as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process. The food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge both fitted the first order kinetic model with k for primary sludge inoculated food waste being 0.278 day-1 with R2 of 0.98, whereas k for digested sludge inoculated food waste being 0.034 day-1, with R2 of 0.847.
[1] De Clercq, D., Wen, Z., Gottfried, O., Schmidta, F., Fei, F. (2017) ‘A review of global strategies promoting the conversion of food waste to bioenergy via anaerobic digestion’ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, pp.204–221.
[2] Li, L., Peng, X., Wang, X., Wu, D. (2018) “Anaerobic digestion of food waste: A review focusing on process stability” Bioresource Technology, 248, pp.20–28.
[3] J. Mata-Alvarez, J., Mace, S., Llabres, P. (2000) ‘Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives’, Bioresource Technology, 74, pp.3-16.
[4] Rea, J. and Slocum, A. (2014) Kinetic Modeling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion by Kinetic Modeling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion. Available at: http://web.mit.edu/kkung/Public/ThesisJR.pdf. Accessed: 24 August 2018.
[5] Adebayo, A., Jekayinfa, S.O., Linke, B. (2014) “Effect of co-digestion on anaerobic digestion of pig slurry with maize cob at mesophilic temperature” Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 4 (22), pp.66-73.
[6] Krishna, R.H. (2013) “Role of factors influencing on anaerobic process for production of bio hydrogen: Future fuel”. International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 1 (2) pp.31-38.
[7] Rea, J. (2014) “Kinetic Modelling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion” Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, MIT Scheper (Ed), Springer-Verlag, 81, pp.57–93.
[8] Mudhoo, A., Kumar, S. (2013) “Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass” International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology,10, pp.1383–1398.
[9] Mahar, R.B., Sahito, A.R., Uqaili, M.A. (2012) “Biomethanization potential of waste agricultural biomass in Pakistan: A case study” International Journal of biomass and renewables, 1, pp.32 – 37.
[10] O’Shea, R., Kilgallon, I., Wall, D., Murphy, J.D.(20016) “Quantification and location of renewable gas industry based on digestion of waste in Ireland” Applied Energy, 175, pp.229-239.
[11] Wu, B., Sarker, B.R., Paude, K.P. (2015) “Sustainable energy from biomass: Biomethane manufacturing plant location and distribution problem” Applied Energy, 158, pp. 597-608.
[12] Costa, A., Ely, C., Pennington, M., Rock, S., Staniec, C., Turgeon, J. (2015), ”Anaerobic digestion and its applications” Report to US Environmental Agency, office of research and development, USA.
[13] Wardhan, P, K., & Watanabe, M (2017) “Numerical Study of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and Biogas Generation from Fruit and Vegetable Waste”. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(3), pp.197-201.
[14] APHA (2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[15] Matheri, A.N., Belaid, M., Seodigeng, T., Ngila, C.J.,Mbohwa, C., (2016). Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cow dung, Chicken Droppings and Grass Clippings. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (Vol. 2).
[16] Matheri, A.N., Ndiweni, S.N., Belaid, M., Muzenda, E., Hubert, R., 2017. “Optimising biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and organic fraction of municipal solid waste “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, pp.756-764.
[17] Esposito, G., Frunzo, L., Liotta, F., Panico, A., Pirozzi, F. (2012) “Bio-methane potential tests to measure the biogas production from the digestion and co-digestion of complex organic substrates”. The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 5, pp.1-8.
[18] Cabai, V., Ballico, M., Aneggi, E., Goi, D. (2013) “BMP tests of source selected OFMSW to evaluate anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge” Waste Management, 33, pp.1626-1632.
[19] Browne, J.D, Murphy, J.D. (2013) “Assessment of the resource associated with biomethane from food waste” Applied Energy, 104, pp. 170–177.
[20] Zhang, R., El-Mashad, H.M., Hartman, K., Wang F., Liu, G., Choate, C., Gamble, O.P. (2007) “Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, 98, pp.929–935.
[21] Cho, J.K., Park, S.C., Chong, H.N. (1995) “Biochemical methane potential and solid state anaerobic digestion of Korean food waste” Bioresource Technology, 52, pp.245-253.
[22] Labatut, R, A., Angenent, L.T., Scott, N.R (2011)” Biochemical methane potential and biodegradability of complex organic substrates” Bioresource Technology, 102, pp.2255-2264.
[1] De Clercq, D., Wen, Z., Gottfried, O., Schmidta, F., Fei, F. (2017) ‘A review of global strategies promoting the conversion of food waste to bioenergy via anaerobic digestion’ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, pp.204–221.
[2] Li, L., Peng, X., Wang, X., Wu, D. (2018) “Anaerobic digestion of food waste: A review focusing on process stability” Bioresource Technology, 248, pp.20–28.
[3] J. Mata-Alvarez, J., Mace, S., Llabres, P. (2000) ‘Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives’, Bioresource Technology, 74, pp.3-16.
[4] Rea, J. and Slocum, A. (2014) Kinetic Modeling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion by Kinetic Modeling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion. Available at: http://web.mit.edu/kkung/Public/ThesisJR.pdf. Accessed: 24 August 2018.
[5] Adebayo, A., Jekayinfa, S.O., Linke, B. (2014) “Effect of co-digestion on anaerobic digestion of pig slurry with maize cob at mesophilic temperature” Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 4 (22), pp.66-73.
[6] Krishna, R.H. (2013) “Role of factors influencing on anaerobic process for production of bio hydrogen: Future fuel”. International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 1 (2) pp.31-38.
[7] Rea, J. (2014) “Kinetic Modelling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion” Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, MIT Scheper (Ed), Springer-Verlag, 81, pp.57–93.
[8] Mudhoo, A., Kumar, S. (2013) “Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass” International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology,10, pp.1383–1398.
[9] Mahar, R.B., Sahito, A.R., Uqaili, M.A. (2012) “Biomethanization potential of waste agricultural biomass in Pakistan: A case study” International Journal of biomass and renewables, 1, pp.32 – 37.
[10] O’Shea, R., Kilgallon, I., Wall, D., Murphy, J.D.(20016) “Quantification and location of renewable gas industry based on digestion of waste in Ireland” Applied Energy, 175, pp.229-239.
[11] Wu, B., Sarker, B.R., Paude, K.P. (2015) “Sustainable energy from biomass: Biomethane manufacturing plant location and distribution problem” Applied Energy, 158, pp. 597-608.
[12] Costa, A., Ely, C., Pennington, M., Rock, S., Staniec, C., Turgeon, J. (2015), ”Anaerobic digestion and its applications” Report to US Environmental Agency, office of research and development, USA.
[13] Wardhan, P, K., & Watanabe, M (2017) “Numerical Study of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and Biogas Generation from Fruit and Vegetable Waste”. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(3), pp.197-201.
[14] APHA (2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[15] Matheri, A.N., Belaid, M., Seodigeng, T., Ngila, C.J.,Mbohwa, C., (2016). Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cow dung, Chicken Droppings and Grass Clippings. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (Vol. 2).
[16] Matheri, A.N., Ndiweni, S.N., Belaid, M., Muzenda, E., Hubert, R., 2017. “Optimising biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and organic fraction of municipal solid waste “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, pp.756-764.
[17] Esposito, G., Frunzo, L., Liotta, F., Panico, A., Pirozzi, F. (2012) “Bio-methane potential tests to measure the biogas production from the digestion and co-digestion of complex organic substrates”. The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 5, pp.1-8.
[18] Cabai, V., Ballico, M., Aneggi, E., Goi, D. (2013) “BMP tests of source selected OFMSW to evaluate anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge” Waste Management, 33, pp.1626-1632.
[19] Browne, J.D, Murphy, J.D. (2013) “Assessment of the resource associated with biomethane from food waste” Applied Energy, 104, pp. 170–177.
[20] Zhang, R., El-Mashad, H.M., Hartman, K., Wang F., Liu, G., Choate, C., Gamble, O.P. (2007) “Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, 98, pp.929–935.
[21] Cho, J.K., Park, S.C., Chong, H.N. (1995) “Biochemical methane potential and solid state anaerobic digestion of Korean food waste” Bioresource Technology, 52, pp.245-253.
[22] Labatut, R, A., Angenent, L.T., Scott, N.R (2011)” Biochemical methane potential and biodegradability of complex organic substrates” Bioresource Technology, 102, pp.2255-2264.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:79085", author = "Kgomotso Matobole and Pascal Mwenge and Tumisang Seodigeng", title = "Quantification of Biomethane Potential from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste at Vaal University of Technology ", abstract = "The global urbanisation and worldwide economic growth have caused a high rate of food waste generation, resulting in environmental pollution. Food waste disposed on landfills decomposes to produce methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Inadequate waste management practices contribute to food waste polluting the environment. Thus effective organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) management and treatment are attracting widespread attention in many countries. This problem can be minimised by the employment of anaerobic digestion process, since food waste is rich in organic matter and highly biodegradable, resulting in energy generation and waste volume reduction. The current study investigated the Biomethane Potential (BMP) of the Vaal University of Technology canteen food waste using anaerobic digestion. Tests were performed on canteen food waste, as a substrate, with total solids (TS) of 22%, volatile solids (VS) of 21% and moisture content of 78%. The tests were performed in batch reactors, at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C, with two different types of inoculum, primary and digested sludge. The resulting CH4 yields for both food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge were equal, being 357 Nml/g VS. This indicated that food waste form this canteen is rich in organic and highly biodegradable. Hence it can be used as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process. The food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge both fitted the first order kinetic model with k for primary sludge inoculated food waste being 0.278 day-1 with R2 of 0.98, whereas k for digested sludge inoculated food waste being 0.034 day-1, with R2 of 0.847.
", keywords = "Anaerobic digestion, biogas, biomethane potential, food waste. ", volume = "13", number = "8", pages = "433-5", }
