Pseudo-Homogeneous Kinetic of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Husk for Ethanol Production: Effect of Sugar Degradation
Rice husk is a lignocellulosic source that can be
converted to ethanol. Three hundreds grams of rice husk was mixed
with 1 L of 0.18 N sulfuric acid solutions then was heated in an
autoclave. The reaction was expected to be at constant temperature
(isothermal), but before that temperature was achieved, reaction has
occurred. The first liquid sample was taken at temperature of 140 0C
and repeated every 5 minute interval. So the data obtained are in the
regions of non-isothermal and isothermal. It was observed that the
degradation has significant effects on the ethanol production. The
kinetic constants can be expressed by Arrhenius equation with the
frequency factors for hydrolysis and sugar degradation of 1.58 x 105
1/min and 2.29 x 108 L/mole/min, respectively, while the activation
energies are 64,350 J/mole and 76,571 J/mole. The highest ethanol
concentration from fermentation is 1.13% v/v, attained at 220 0C.
[1] Demirbas, A., "Bioethanol from cellulosic materials: a renewable motor
fuel from biomass", Energy Sources, Taylor & Francis Inc., vol. 27, pp.
327-337, March 2005.
[2] Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M. F. M., Gorwa-Grauslund, Liden, G., and
Zacchi, G., "Bio-ethanol - the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of
today", Trends in Biotechnology, Elsevier, vol. 24, pp. 549-556, Dec.
2006.
[3] Badger, P. C., "Ethanol from cellulose: a general review", in Trends in
New Crops and New Uses, Janick, J., and Whipkey, A., Ed. Alexandria,
VA: ASHS Press., 2002, pp. 17-21.
[4] Palmqvist. E., and Hagerdal. B. H., "Fermentation of lignocellulosic
hydrolysates. II: Inhibition and Detoxification", Bioresource
Technology, Elsevier, vol. 74, pp. 25-33, Aug. 2000.
[5] Taherzadeh, M. J., Eklund, R., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., and
Liden., G., "Characterization and fermentation of dilute-acid
hydrolyzates from wood", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., American Chemical
Society, vol. 36, pp. 4659-4665, Nov. 1997.
[6] Taherzadeh, M. J., and Niklasson, C., "Ethanol from Lignocellulosic
Materials: Pretreatment, Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolyses and
Fermentation", Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, 2003, pp.
6-9.
[7] Maloney, M. T., Chapman, T. W., and Baker, A. J., "Dilute acid
hydrolysis of paper birch: kinetics studies of xylan and acetyl-group
hydrolysis", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., vol. XXVII, pp. 355-361, March 1985.
[8] Karimi, K., Kheradmandinia, S., and Taherzadeh, M. J., "Conversion of
rice straw to sugars by dilute-acid hydrolysis", Biomass & Bioenergy,
Elsevier, vol. 30, pp. 247-253, March 2006.
[9] Cendrowska, A., "Hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose of forest and
agricultural biomass", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,
Springer Berlin, vol. 55, pp. 195-196, March 1997.
[10] Saracoglu, N. E., Mutlu, S. F., Dilmac, F., and Cavusoglu, H., "A
comparative kinetics study of acidic hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn
cob and sunflower seed hull", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol.
65, pp. 29-33, July 1998.
[11] Mosier, N. S., Ladish, C. M., and Ladish, M. R., "Characterization of
acid catalytic domains for cellulose hydrolysis and glucose
degradation", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, vol. 79, pp.
610-618, Sep. 2002.
[12] Fogler, H. S., Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice-
Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, 1999, pp. 6-9.
[13] Rahman, S. H. A., Choudhury, J. P., and Ahmad, A. L., "Production of
xylose from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber using sulfuric acid",
Biochemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, Vol. 30, pp. 97-103, May
2006.
[14] Miller, S., and Hester, R., "Concentrated acid conversion of Pine
Sawdust to sugars. Part II; High temperature batch reactor kinetics of
pretreated Pine Sawdust", Chemical Engineering Communications, vol.
194, pp. 103-116, Jan. 2007.
[15] Latif, F., and Rajoka, M. I., "Production of ethanol and xylitol from
corn cobs by yeasts", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 77, pp.
57-63, March 2001.
[16] Govindaswamy, S., and Vane, L.M., "Multi-stage continuous culture
fermentation of glucose-xylose mixtures to fuel ethanol using
genetically engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae 424S", Bioresource
Technology, Elsevier, vol. 101. pp. 1277-1284, Aug. 2010.
[1] Demirbas, A., "Bioethanol from cellulosic materials: a renewable motor
fuel from biomass", Energy Sources, Taylor & Francis Inc., vol. 27, pp.
327-337, March 2005.
[2] Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M. F. M., Gorwa-Grauslund, Liden, G., and
Zacchi, G., "Bio-ethanol - the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of
today", Trends in Biotechnology, Elsevier, vol. 24, pp. 549-556, Dec.
2006.
[3] Badger, P. C., "Ethanol from cellulose: a general review", in Trends in
New Crops and New Uses, Janick, J., and Whipkey, A., Ed. Alexandria,
VA: ASHS Press., 2002, pp. 17-21.
[4] Palmqvist. E., and Hagerdal. B. H., "Fermentation of lignocellulosic
hydrolysates. II: Inhibition and Detoxification", Bioresource
Technology, Elsevier, vol. 74, pp. 25-33, Aug. 2000.
[5] Taherzadeh, M. J., Eklund, R., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., and
Liden., G., "Characterization and fermentation of dilute-acid
hydrolyzates from wood", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., American Chemical
Society, vol. 36, pp. 4659-4665, Nov. 1997.
[6] Taherzadeh, M. J., and Niklasson, C., "Ethanol from Lignocellulosic
Materials: Pretreatment, Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolyses and
Fermentation", Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, 2003, pp.
6-9.
[7] Maloney, M. T., Chapman, T. W., and Baker, A. J., "Dilute acid
hydrolysis of paper birch: kinetics studies of xylan and acetyl-group
hydrolysis", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., vol. XXVII, pp. 355-361, March 1985.
[8] Karimi, K., Kheradmandinia, S., and Taherzadeh, M. J., "Conversion of
rice straw to sugars by dilute-acid hydrolysis", Biomass & Bioenergy,
Elsevier, vol. 30, pp. 247-253, March 2006.
[9] Cendrowska, A., "Hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose of forest and
agricultural biomass", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,
Springer Berlin, vol. 55, pp. 195-196, March 1997.
[10] Saracoglu, N. E., Mutlu, S. F., Dilmac, F., and Cavusoglu, H., "A
comparative kinetics study of acidic hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn
cob and sunflower seed hull", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol.
65, pp. 29-33, July 1998.
[11] Mosier, N. S., Ladish, C. M., and Ladish, M. R., "Characterization of
acid catalytic domains for cellulose hydrolysis and glucose
degradation", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, vol. 79, pp.
610-618, Sep. 2002.
[12] Fogler, H. S., Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Prentice-
Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, 1999, pp. 6-9.
[13] Rahman, S. H. A., Choudhury, J. P., and Ahmad, A. L., "Production of
xylose from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber using sulfuric acid",
Biochemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, Vol. 30, pp. 97-103, May
2006.
[14] Miller, S., and Hester, R., "Concentrated acid conversion of Pine
Sawdust to sugars. Part II; High temperature batch reactor kinetics of
pretreated Pine Sawdust", Chemical Engineering Communications, vol.
194, pp. 103-116, Jan. 2007.
[15] Latif, F., and Rajoka, M. I., "Production of ethanol and xylitol from
corn cobs by yeasts", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 77, pp.
57-63, March 2001.
[16] Govindaswamy, S., and Vane, L.M., "Multi-stage continuous culture
fermentation of glucose-xylose mixtures to fuel ethanol using
genetically engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae 424S", Bioresource
Technology, Elsevier, vol. 101. pp. 1277-1284, Aug. 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:60965", author = "Megawati and Wahyudi B. Sediawan and Hary Sulistyo and Muslikhin Hidayat", title = "Pseudo-Homogeneous Kinetic of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Husk for Ethanol Production: Effect of Sugar Degradation", abstract = "Rice husk is a lignocellulosic source that can be
converted to ethanol. Three hundreds grams of rice husk was mixed
with 1 L of 0.18 N sulfuric acid solutions then was heated in an
autoclave. The reaction was expected to be at constant temperature
(isothermal), but before that temperature was achieved, reaction has
occurred. The first liquid sample was taken at temperature of 140 0C
and repeated every 5 minute interval. So the data obtained are in the
regions of non-isothermal and isothermal. It was observed that the
degradation has significant effects on the ethanol production. The
kinetic constants can be expressed by Arrhenius equation with the
frequency factors for hydrolysis and sugar degradation of 1.58 x 105
1/min and 2.29 x 108 L/mole/min, respectively, while the activation
energies are 64,350 J/mole and 76,571 J/mole. The highest ethanol
concentration from fermentation is 1.13% v/v, attained at 220 0C.", keywords = "degradation, ethanol, hydrolysis, rice husk", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "510-6", }
