Preparation of Fe, Cr Codoped TiO2 Nanostructure for Phenol Removal from Wastewaters
Phenol is a hazardous material found in many industrial wastewaters. Photocatalytic degradation and furthermore catalyst doping are promising techniques in purpose of effective phenol removal, which have been studied comprehensively in this decade. In this study, Fe, Cr codoped TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method, and its photocatalytic activity was investigated through degradation of phenol under visible light. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, and EDX. The results showed that nanoparticles possess anatase phase, and the average size of nanoparticles was about 21 nm. Also, photocatalyst has significant surface area. Effect of experimental parameters such as pH, irradiation time, pollutant concentration, and catalyst concentration were investigated by using Design-Expert® software. 98% of phenol degradation was achieved after 6h of irradiation.
[1] Akpan, U. and B. Hameed, The advancements in sol–gel method of doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010. 375(1): p. 1-11.
[2] Yuan, Z.-h., J.-h. Jia, and L.-d. Zhang, Influence of co-doping of Zn(II)+Fe(III) on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for phenol degradation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2002. 73(2–3): p. 323-326.
[3] Kerkez-Kuyumcu, Ö., et al., A comparative study for removal of different dyes over M/TiO 2 (M= Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Cr) photocatalysts under visible light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2015. 311: p. 176-185.
[4] Liu, Z., et al., Characteristics of doped TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue waste water under visible light. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010. 501(1): p. 54-59.
[5] Jeong, E., et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of Cr and Fe codoped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalyst. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 2008. 9(3): p. 250-253.
[6] George, S., Infreared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. 2001.
[7] Hussain, S.T. and A. Siddiqa, Iron and chromium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes for the degradation of environmental and industrial pollutants. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2011. 8(2): p. 351-362.
[8] Bubacz, K., et al., Methylene blue and phenol photocatalytic degradation on nanoparticles of anatase TiO2. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2010. 19(4): p. 685.
[9] Hayat, K., et al., Nano ZnO synthesis by modified sol gel method and its application in heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of phenol from water. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2011. 393(1): p. 122-129.
[10] Siddiqa, A., et al., Cobalt and sulfur codoped nano-size TiO2 for photodegradation of various dyes and phenol. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015. 37: p. 100-109.
[11] Chiou, C.-H., C.-Y. Wu, and R.-S. Juang, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol and m-nitrophenol using irradiated TiO 2 in aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, 2008. 62(3): p. 559-564.
[12] Peng, F., et al., Synthesis and characterization of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen-doped titanium dioxides with visible light photocatalytic activity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2008. 181(1): p. 130-136.
[13] Mohammadi, M., et al., Preparation and characterization of TiO2/ZnO/CuO nanocomposite and application for phenol removal from wastewaters. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014: p. 1-11.
[14] Nahar, M.S., K. Hasegawa, and S. Kagaya, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by visible light-responsive iron-doped TiO2 and spontaneous sedimentation of the TiO2 particles. Chemosphere, 2006. 65(11): p. 1976-1982.
[15] Sohrabi, S. and F. Akhlaghian, Modeling and optimization of phenol degradation over copper-doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst using response surface methodology. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2016. 99: p. 120-128.
[16] Di Paola, A., et al., Preparation of Polycrystalline TiO2 Photocatalysts Impregnated with Various Transition Metal Ions: Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002. 106(3): p. 637-645.
[1] Akpan, U. and B. Hameed, The advancements in sol–gel method of doped-TiO 2 photocatalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010. 375(1): p. 1-11.
[2] Yuan, Z.-h., J.-h. Jia, and L.-d. Zhang, Influence of co-doping of Zn(II)+Fe(III) on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for phenol degradation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2002. 73(2–3): p. 323-326.
[3] Kerkez-Kuyumcu, Ö., et al., A comparative study for removal of different dyes over M/TiO 2 (M= Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Cr) photocatalysts under visible light irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2015. 311: p. 176-185.
[4] Liu, Z., et al., Characteristics of doped TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue waste water under visible light. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010. 501(1): p. 54-59.
[5] Jeong, E., et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of Cr and Fe codoped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalyst. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 2008. 9(3): p. 250-253.
[6] George, S., Infreared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. 2001.
[7] Hussain, S.T. and A. Siddiqa, Iron and chromium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes for the degradation of environmental and industrial pollutants. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2011. 8(2): p. 351-362.
[8] Bubacz, K., et al., Methylene blue and phenol photocatalytic degradation on nanoparticles of anatase TiO2. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2010. 19(4): p. 685.
[9] Hayat, K., et al., Nano ZnO synthesis by modified sol gel method and its application in heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of phenol from water. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2011. 393(1): p. 122-129.
[10] Siddiqa, A., et al., Cobalt and sulfur codoped nano-size TiO2 for photodegradation of various dyes and phenol. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015. 37: p. 100-109.
[11] Chiou, C.-H., C.-Y. Wu, and R.-S. Juang, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol and m-nitrophenol using irradiated TiO 2 in aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, 2008. 62(3): p. 559-564.
[12] Peng, F., et al., Synthesis and characterization of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen-doped titanium dioxides with visible light photocatalytic activity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2008. 181(1): p. 130-136.
[13] Mohammadi, M., et al., Preparation and characterization of TiO2/ZnO/CuO nanocomposite and application for phenol removal from wastewaters. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014: p. 1-11.
[14] Nahar, M.S., K. Hasegawa, and S. Kagaya, Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by visible light-responsive iron-doped TiO2 and spontaneous sedimentation of the TiO2 particles. Chemosphere, 2006. 65(11): p. 1976-1982.
[15] Sohrabi, S. and F. Akhlaghian, Modeling and optimization of phenol degradation over copper-doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst using response surface methodology. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2016. 99: p. 120-128.
[16] Di Paola, A., et al., Preparation of Polycrystalline TiO2 Photocatalysts Impregnated with Various Transition Metal Ions: Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002. 106(3): p. 637-645.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:76100", author = "N. Nowzari-Dalini and S. Sabbaghi", title = "Preparation of Fe, Cr Codoped TiO2 Nanostructure for Phenol Removal from Wastewaters", abstract = "Phenol is a hazardous material found in many industrial wastewaters. Photocatalytic degradation and furthermore catalyst doping are promising techniques in purpose of effective phenol removal, which have been studied comprehensively in this decade. In this study, Fe, Cr codoped TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method, and its photocatalytic activity was investigated through degradation of phenol under visible light. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, and EDX. The results showed that nanoparticles possess anatase phase, and the average size of nanoparticles was about 21 nm. Also, photocatalyst has significant surface area. Effect of experimental parameters such as pH, irradiation time, pollutant concentration, and catalyst concentration were investigated by using Design-Expert® software. 98% of phenol degradation was achieved after 6h of irradiation.", keywords = "Wastewater, doping, metals, sol-gel, titanium dioxide.", volume = "11", number = "8", pages = "716-5", }
