Preliminary Evaluation of Different Water Qualities on Leucaena Leucocephala Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
The evaluation of non-conventional water resources
on seed germination and seedling growth performance at early
growth stages is still in progress especially in forage crops. This
study was designed to test the effect of four types of water qualities
(treated wastewater (TWW), industrial water (IW), grey water (GW),
and Distilled water (DW)) on germination and early seedling vigor of
Leucaena leucocephala. The results showed that the germination
was not significantly affected by the different water qualities. Seed
germination reached maximum after 17, 14, 14, and 21 days under
GW, IW, TWW, and DW treatments, respectively. The highest mean
of shoot length was scored under the GW treatment. And, the highest
mean of root length was scored under DW which was not significant
from GW treatment. The means of shoot fresh was the highest under
the TWW. The means of root fresh weight was not significantly
different from each other's under different treatments. The growth
performance was in progress with no mortality during 21 days of
growth. Thus, the best non-conventional water qualities alternatives
based on the cleanness, nutrients, and toxicity are the GW, TWW and
IW, respectively.
[1] A. D. Arowolo, "Alley farming and sustainable Agriculture".
Proceedings of Annual Conference of IRDI Research and Development
Network, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 27-28 and pp. 44-48, 2007.
[2] A. K. Rai, V. Rai, Effect of NaCl on growth, nitrate uptake and
reduction and nitrogenase activity of Azolla pinnata-Anabaena azollae.
Plant Sci 164: 61-69, 2003.
[3] Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA) Seed Vigor Testing
Handbook 357 Contribution No 32. AOSA, Nebraska: Lincoln, 1983.
[4] F. M. Kiziloglu, M. Turan, U. Sahin, Y. Kuslu, A. Dursun, "Effects of
untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties
of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage
(Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey".
Agri Water Manag 95: 716-724, 2008.
[5] H. C. Pang, Y. Y. Li, J. S. Yang, Y. S. Laing, "Effect of brackish water
irrigation and straw mulching on soil salinity and crop yields under
monsoonal climatic conditions". Agric Water Manage
doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.08.020
[6] ISTA International Seed Testing Association. Seed Sci Tech 13: 299-
335, 2004
[7] JISM (Jordan institution for standard and metrology) "Technical
regulation for reclaimed domestic wastewater" (JS893/2002), Amman,
Jordan, 2003.
[8] L. Abu Ghunmi, G. Zeeman, J. Van Lier, M. Fayyad "Quantitative and
qualitative characteristics of grey water for reuse requirements and
treatment alternatives: the case of Jordan". Water Sci Tech Vol. 58, pp.
1385- 1396, 2008
[9] L. Berstein, G. Ogata, "Effects of salinity on nodulation, nitrogen
fixation and growth of soybean and alfalfa", Agron J Vol. 58, pp. 201-
203, 1966.
[10] C. Lubello, R. Gori, N. F. Paolo, F. Ferrini, "Municipal-treated
wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation". Water Res 38: 2939-
2947, 2004.
[11] M. C. Shannon, C.M. Grieve, L. E. Francois, "Whole-plant response to
salinity". In: R. E. Wilkinson (ed.). "Plant-environment Interactions".
Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 199-244, 1994.
[12] M. G. Kant, M. Silverbusch, S. H. Lips, "Physiological studies on
salinity and nitrogen interaction in alfalfa. I. Biomass production and
root development". J Plant Nutr 17: 657-668, 1994.
[13] M. J. Mohammad, M. Ayadi, "Forage yield and nutrient uptake as
influenced by secondary treated wastewater". J Plant Nutri 27: 351-364,
2004.
[14] M. O. Islam, H. R. Khan, A. K. Das, M. S. Akhtar, Y. Oki, T. Adochi,
"Impacts of industrial effluents on plant growth and soil properties", Soil
Environ, Vol. 25, pp. 113-118, 2006.
[15] M. Smejkalova, O. Mikanova, L. Boruvka, "Effect of heavy metal
concentration on biological activity of soil microorganisms". Plant Soil
Envi 49: 321-326, 2003.
[16] M. Uzair, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim Effect of Industrial Waste on Seed Bank
and Growth of Wild Plants in Dhabeji Area, Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Bot
41: 1659-1665, 2009.
[17] National Academy of Science (NAS) "Leucaena: Promising forage and
tree crop for the tropics". Books for Business, New York- Hong Kong,
2001, p115.
[18] P. H. Graham, and C. P Vance, Legumes: Importance and Constraints to
Greater Use. Plant Physio 131: 872-877, 2003.
[19] S. P. McGrath, F. J. Zhao, E. Lombi, "Phytoremediation of metals,
metalloids and radionuclides". Advan Agro 75: 1-56, 2002.
[20] SAS Institute (2004) "The SAS system for Windows 6.12". Cary, NC,
USA, SAS Institute.
[21] Y. Yuan Etiological Study of High Stomach Cancer Incidence Among
Residents in Wastewater Irrigated Areas. Environ Prot Sci 19: 70-73, In:
World Resources Institute, A guide to the global environment:
environmental change and human health, Oxford University Press, New
York, 1993, p 122.
[22] Z. Li, H. Gulyas, M. Jahn, D. R. Gajurel, R. Otterpohl, "Greywater
treatment by constructed wetland in combination with TiO2-based
photocatalytic oxidation for suburban and rural areas without sewer
system". Water Sci Tech 48: 101-106, 2003.
[1] A. D. Arowolo, "Alley farming and sustainable Agriculture".
Proceedings of Annual Conference of IRDI Research and Development
Network, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 27-28 and pp. 44-48, 2007.
[2] A. K. Rai, V. Rai, Effect of NaCl on growth, nitrate uptake and
reduction and nitrogenase activity of Azolla pinnata-Anabaena azollae.
Plant Sci 164: 61-69, 2003.
[3] Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA) Seed Vigor Testing
Handbook 357 Contribution No 32. AOSA, Nebraska: Lincoln, 1983.
[4] F. M. Kiziloglu, M. Turan, U. Sahin, Y. Kuslu, A. Dursun, "Effects of
untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties
of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage
(Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey".
Agri Water Manag 95: 716-724, 2008.
[5] H. C. Pang, Y. Y. Li, J. S. Yang, Y. S. Laing, "Effect of brackish water
irrigation and straw mulching on soil salinity and crop yields under
monsoonal climatic conditions". Agric Water Manage
doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.08.020
[6] ISTA International Seed Testing Association. Seed Sci Tech 13: 299-
335, 2004
[7] JISM (Jordan institution for standard and metrology) "Technical
regulation for reclaimed domestic wastewater" (JS893/2002), Amman,
Jordan, 2003.
[8] L. Abu Ghunmi, G. Zeeman, J. Van Lier, M. Fayyad "Quantitative and
qualitative characteristics of grey water for reuse requirements and
treatment alternatives: the case of Jordan". Water Sci Tech Vol. 58, pp.
1385- 1396, 2008
[9] L. Berstein, G. Ogata, "Effects of salinity on nodulation, nitrogen
fixation and growth of soybean and alfalfa", Agron J Vol. 58, pp. 201-
203, 1966.
[10] C. Lubello, R. Gori, N. F. Paolo, F. Ferrini, "Municipal-treated
wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation". Water Res 38: 2939-
2947, 2004.
[11] M. C. Shannon, C.M. Grieve, L. E. Francois, "Whole-plant response to
salinity". In: R. E. Wilkinson (ed.). "Plant-environment Interactions".
Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 199-244, 1994.
[12] M. G. Kant, M. Silverbusch, S. H. Lips, "Physiological studies on
salinity and nitrogen interaction in alfalfa. I. Biomass production and
root development". J Plant Nutr 17: 657-668, 1994.
[13] M. J. Mohammad, M. Ayadi, "Forage yield and nutrient uptake as
influenced by secondary treated wastewater". J Plant Nutri 27: 351-364,
2004.
[14] M. O. Islam, H. R. Khan, A. K. Das, M. S. Akhtar, Y. Oki, T. Adochi,
"Impacts of industrial effluents on plant growth and soil properties", Soil
Environ, Vol. 25, pp. 113-118, 2006.
[15] M. Smejkalova, O. Mikanova, L. Boruvka, "Effect of heavy metal
concentration on biological activity of soil microorganisms". Plant Soil
Envi 49: 321-326, 2003.
[16] M. Uzair, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim Effect of Industrial Waste on Seed Bank
and Growth of Wild Plants in Dhabeji Area, Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Bot
41: 1659-1665, 2009.
[17] National Academy of Science (NAS) "Leucaena: Promising forage and
tree crop for the tropics". Books for Business, New York- Hong Kong,
2001, p115.
[18] P. H. Graham, and C. P Vance, Legumes: Importance and Constraints to
Greater Use. Plant Physio 131: 872-877, 2003.
[19] S. P. McGrath, F. J. Zhao, E. Lombi, "Phytoremediation of metals,
metalloids and radionuclides". Advan Agro 75: 1-56, 2002.
[20] SAS Institute (2004) "The SAS system for Windows 6.12". Cary, NC,
USA, SAS Institute.
[21] Y. Yuan Etiological Study of High Stomach Cancer Incidence Among
Residents in Wastewater Irrigated Areas. Environ Prot Sci 19: 70-73, In:
World Resources Institute, A guide to the global environment:
environmental change and human health, Oxford University Press, New
York, 1993, p 122.
[22] Z. Li, H. Gulyas, M. Jahn, D. R. Gajurel, R. Otterpohl, "Greywater
treatment by constructed wetland in combination with TiO2-based
photocatalytic oxidation for suburban and rural areas without sewer
system". Water Sci Tech 48: 101-106, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:53720", author = "Maher J. Tadros and Naji K. Al-Mefleh", title = "Preliminary Evaluation of Different Water Qualities on Leucaena Leucocephala Seed Germination and Seedling Growth", abstract = "The evaluation of non-conventional water resources
on seed germination and seedling growth performance at early
growth stages is still in progress especially in forage crops. This
study was designed to test the effect of four types of water qualities
(treated wastewater (TWW), industrial water (IW), grey water (GW),
and Distilled water (DW)) on germination and early seedling vigor of
Leucaena leucocephala. The results showed that the germination
was not significantly affected by the different water qualities. Seed
germination reached maximum after 17, 14, 14, and 21 days under
GW, IW, TWW, and DW treatments, respectively. The highest mean
of shoot length was scored under the GW treatment. And, the highest
mean of root length was scored under DW which was not significant
from GW treatment. The means of shoot fresh was the highest under
the TWW. The means of root fresh weight was not significantly
different from each other's under different treatments. The growth
performance was in progress with no mortality during 21 days of
growth. Thus, the best non-conventional water qualities alternatives
based on the cleanness, nutrients, and toxicity are the GW, TWW and
IW, respectively.", keywords = "Seed germination, Growth performance, Leucaena,Multipurpose forest trees, Waste water, Grey water", volume = "5", number = "4", pages = "226-4", }
