Paranoid Thoughts and Thought Control Strategies in a Nonclinical Population
Recently, it has been suggested that thought control strategies aimed at controlling unwanted thoughts may be used to cope with paranoid thoughts in both clinical and nonclinical samples. The current study aims to examine the type of thought control strategies that were associated with the frequency of paranoid thoughts in nonclinical samples. A total of 159 Japanese undergraduate students completed the two scales–the Paranoia Checklist and the Thought Control Questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that worry-based control strategies were associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas distraction- and social-based control strategies were inversely associated with paranoid thoughts. Our findings suggest that in a nonclinical population, worry-based strategies may be especially maladaptive, whereas distraction- and social-based strategies may be adaptive to paranoid thoughts.
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
[2] Johns, L., Cannon, M., Singleton, N., Murray, R., Farrell, M., Brugha, T.,
Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R., & Meltzer, H. (2004). Prevalence and
correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 298-305.
[3] Ellett, L., Lopes, B., & Chadwick, P. (2003). Paranoia in a nonclinical
population of college students. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
191, 425-430.
[4] Freeman, D., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Fowler,
D., Kuipers, E., Ray, K., & Dunn, G. (2005). Psychological investigation
of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 186, 427-435.
[5] Fenigstein, A., & Vanable, P. (1992). Paranoia and self-consciousness.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 129-138.
[6] Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P.,
Bashforth, H., Coker, S., Hodgekins, J., Gracie, A., Dunn, G., & Garety,
P. (2006). The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS): Psychometric
properties and associations with paranoia and grandiosity in non-clinical
and psychosis samples. Psychological Medicine, 36, 749-759.
[7] Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Slater, M., Kuipers, E.,
Fowler, D., Green, C., Jordan, J., & Ray, K. (2005). The psychology of
persecutory ideation I: A questionnaire survey. Journal of Nervous and
Mental Disease, 193, 302-308.
[8] McKay, R., Langdon, R., & Coltheart, M. (2006). The persecutory
ideation questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194,
628-631.
[9] Yamauchi, T., Sudo, A., & Tanno, Y. (to be published). Perceptions of
paranoid thoughts in a nonclinical group of college students.
Psychological Reports.
[10] Wells, A., & Davies, M. (1994). The thought control questionnaire: a
measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871-878.
[11] Morrison, A. P., & Wells, A. (2000). Thought control strategies in
schizophrenia: a comparison with non-patients. Behaviour Research and
Therapy, 38, 1205-1209.
[12] Jones, S. R., & Fernyhough, C. (2008). Thought suppression and
persecutory delusion-like beliefs in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive
Neuropsychiatry, 13, 281-295.
[13] Campbell, M. L. C., & Morrison, A. P. (2007). The role of unhelpful
appraisals and behaviours in vulnerability to psychotic-like phenomena.
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 555-567.
[14] Yamauchi, T., Sudo, A., & Tanno, Y. (2009). Nihongo-ban Paranoia
Checklist no inshi-kouzou oyobi datousei no kentou. (Factor structure and
validity of Japanese-version Paranoia Checklist). Japanese Journal of
Personality, 17, 182-193. (in Japanese)
[15] Yamada, N., & Tsuji, H. (2007). Negatexibu-na shikou-eno meta-ninnchi
oyobi sono kontororu-houryaku II: Metacognitions Questionnaire oyobi
Thought Control Questionnaire nihongo-ban-no sakusei. Nihon
Shinri-Gakkai Taikai-Happyo Ronbunsyu, 71, 960 (abstract) (in Japanese,
No English title)
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
[2] Johns, L., Cannon, M., Singleton, N., Murray, R., Farrell, M., Brugha, T.,
Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R., & Meltzer, H. (2004). Prevalence and
correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 298-305.
[3] Ellett, L., Lopes, B., & Chadwick, P. (2003). Paranoia in a nonclinical
population of college students. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
191, 425-430.
[4] Freeman, D., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Fowler,
D., Kuipers, E., Ray, K., & Dunn, G. (2005). Psychological investigation
of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population. British Journal of
Psychiatry, 186, 427-435.
[5] Fenigstein, A., & Vanable, P. (1992). Paranoia and self-consciousness.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 129-138.
[6] Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P.,
Bashforth, H., Coker, S., Hodgekins, J., Gracie, A., Dunn, G., & Garety,
P. (2006). The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS): Psychometric
properties and associations with paranoia and grandiosity in non-clinical
and psychosis samples. Psychological Medicine, 36, 749-759.
[7] Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Slater, M., Kuipers, E.,
Fowler, D., Green, C., Jordan, J., & Ray, K. (2005). The psychology of
persecutory ideation I: A questionnaire survey. Journal of Nervous and
Mental Disease, 193, 302-308.
[8] McKay, R., Langdon, R., & Coltheart, M. (2006). The persecutory
ideation questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194,
628-631.
[9] Yamauchi, T., Sudo, A., & Tanno, Y. (to be published). Perceptions of
paranoid thoughts in a nonclinical group of college students.
Psychological Reports.
[10] Wells, A., & Davies, M. (1994). The thought control questionnaire: a
measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871-878.
[11] Morrison, A. P., & Wells, A. (2000). Thought control strategies in
schizophrenia: a comparison with non-patients. Behaviour Research and
Therapy, 38, 1205-1209.
[12] Jones, S. R., & Fernyhough, C. (2008). Thought suppression and
persecutory delusion-like beliefs in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive
Neuropsychiatry, 13, 281-295.
[13] Campbell, M. L. C., & Morrison, A. P. (2007). The role of unhelpful
appraisals and behaviours in vulnerability to psychotic-like phenomena.
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 555-567.
[14] Yamauchi, T., Sudo, A., & Tanno, Y. (2009). Nihongo-ban Paranoia
Checklist no inshi-kouzou oyobi datousei no kentou. (Factor structure and
validity of Japanese-version Paranoia Checklist). Japanese Journal of
Personality, 17, 182-193. (in Japanese)
[15] Yamada, N., & Tsuji, H. (2007). Negatexibu-na shikou-eno meta-ninnchi
oyobi sono kontororu-houryaku II: Metacognitions Questionnaire oyobi
Thought Control Questionnaire nihongo-ban-no sakusei. Nihon
Shinri-Gakkai Taikai-Happyo Ronbunsyu, 71, 960 (abstract) (in Japanese,
No English title)
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:49664", author = "Takashi Yamauchi and Anju Sudo and Yoshihiko Tanno", title = "Paranoid Thoughts and Thought Control Strategies in a Nonclinical Population", abstract = "Recently, it has been suggested that thought control strategies aimed at controlling unwanted thoughts may be used to cope with paranoid thoughts in both clinical and nonclinical samples. The current study aims to examine the type of thought control strategies that were associated with the frequency of paranoid thoughts in nonclinical samples. A total of 159 Japanese undergraduate students completed the two scales–the Paranoia Checklist and the Thought Control Questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that worry-based control strategies were associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas distraction- and social-based control strategies were inversely associated with paranoid thoughts. Our findings suggest that in a nonclinical population, worry-based strategies may be especially maladaptive, whereas distraction- and social-based strategies may be adaptive to paranoid thoughts.
", keywords = "Nonclinical population, paranoid thoughts, thoughtcontrol strategies.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "611-3", }
