Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a New Organic Filler for Electrical Tree Inhibition
The use of synthetic retardants in polymeric insulated
cables is not uncommon in the high voltage engineering to study
electrical treeing phenomenon. However few studies on organic
materials for the same investigation have been carried. .This paper
describes the study on the effects of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
(OPEFB) microfiller on the tree initiation and propagation in silicone
rubber with different weight percentages (wt %) of filler to insulation
bulk material. The weight percentages used were 0 wt % and 1 wt %
respectively. It was found that the OPEFB retards the propagation of
the electrical treeing development. For tree inception study, the
addition of 1(wt %) OPEFB has increase the tree inception voltage of
silicone rubber. So, OPEFB is a potential retardant to the initiation
and growth of electrical treeing occurring in polymeric materials for
high voltage application. However more studies on the effects of
physical and electrical properties of OPEFB as a tree retardant
material are required.
[1] L. A.Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, "Electrical Degradation and
Breakdown in Polymers", ed. G. C. Stevens, Peter Peregrines, London,
1992.
[2] S. Bamji, "Electrical Trees: Physical Mechanisms and Experimental
Techniques" in Encyclopedia of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering,
Ed. J. g. Webster (J. Wiley and Sons, USA. ISBN 0-471-13946-7, Vol.
6, pp. 264-275, 1999.
[3] A.L. Barclay and G.C. Stevens, "Statistical and Fractal Characteristics
of Simulated Electrical Tree Growth", Dielectric Materials,
Measurements and Applications, Sixth International Conference, pp. 17-
20, 1992.
[4] Y. Kamiya, Y. Muramoto and N. Shimizu (2007). "Effect of Gas
Impregnation in Silicone Rubber on Electrical Tree Initiation". Annual
Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.
53-56
[5] N. Qiong, Z. Yuanxiang, C. Zhengzheng and C. Haihang (2009). "Effect
of Frequency on Electrical Tree Characteristics in Silicone Rubber".
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Properties and
Applications of Dielectric Materials. 513-516
[6] B. X. Du, Z. L. Ma, Y. Gao and T. Han (2011). "Effect of Ambient
Temperature on Electrical Treeing Characteristics in Silicone Rubber".
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 18 (2) 401-
407
[7] B. X. Du, Z. L. Ma, Y Gao and T. Han (2010). "Effect of Temperature
on Electrical Tree in Silicone Rubber. International Conference on Solid
Dielectrics", Potsdam, Germany. 1-4
[8] B. X. Du1, Z. L. Ma and Y. Gao (2009). "Phenomena and Mechanism of
Electrical Tree in Silicone Rubber". Proceedings of the 9th International
Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials. 37-
40
[9] M. H. Ahmad, H. Ahmad, Y. Z. Arief and R. Kurnianto (2011). "Effects
of Oil Palm Shell Filler on Inception and Propagation of Electrical
Treeing in Silicone Rubber Composite Material Under AC Voltage".
International Review on Modelling and Simulations (I.RE.MO.S.). 4 (2),
653-661.
[10] R. Kurnianto, Y. Murakami, N. Hozumi and M.Nagao (2007).
"Characterization of Tree Growth in Filled Epoxy Resin: The Effect of
Filler and Moisture Contents". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation 14 (2) 427-435
[11] M. Nagao, K. Oda, K. Nishioka, Y. Muramoto and N. Hozumi (2002).
"Effect of moisture on treeing phenomenon in epoxy resin with filler
under ac voltage". Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology Hibarigaoka 951-954
[12] T.Imai, F.Sawa, T. Nakano, T. Ozaki, T. Shimizu, M. Kozako and T.
Tanaka (2006). "Effects of Nano- and Micro-filler Mixture on Electrical
Insulation Properties of Epoxy Based Composites". IEEE Transactions
on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 13 (1) 319-326
[13] S. Alapati and M. Joy Thomas (2008). "Electrical Treeing in Polymer
Nanocomposites". Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference
(NPSC), IIT Bombay 351-355
[14] S. Raetzke, Y. Ohki, T. Imai, T. Tanaka and J. Kindersberger (2009).
"Tree Initiation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin and Epoxy/Clay
Nanocomoposite". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical
Insulation. 16 (5) 1473-1480
[15] H. Z. Ding and B. R. Varlow (2004). "Effect of Nano-Fillers on
Electrical Treeing in Epoxy Resin Subjected to AC Voltage". Annual
Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.
332-335
[16] R. Kurnianto, Y. Murakami and M. Nagao (2008). "Investigation of
Filler Effect on Treeing Phenomenon in Epoxy Resin under ac Voltage".
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 15 (4) 1112-
1119
[17] M. Deraman. "Ressitivity of Carbon from Oil Palm Bunches:
Percolation Theory". J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 27 (1994) 1060-1062.
[18] A. Hassan, A. A. Salema, F. N. Ani, and A. Abu Bakar, "A Review On
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite
Materials", Polym. Compos. pp 2080-2101, 2010
[1] L. A.Dissado and J. C. Fothergill, "Electrical Degradation and
Breakdown in Polymers", ed. G. C. Stevens, Peter Peregrines, London,
1992.
[2] S. Bamji, "Electrical Trees: Physical Mechanisms and Experimental
Techniques" in Encyclopedia of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering,
Ed. J. g. Webster (J. Wiley and Sons, USA. ISBN 0-471-13946-7, Vol.
6, pp. 264-275, 1999.
[3] A.L. Barclay and G.C. Stevens, "Statistical and Fractal Characteristics
of Simulated Electrical Tree Growth", Dielectric Materials,
Measurements and Applications, Sixth International Conference, pp. 17-
20, 1992.
[4] Y. Kamiya, Y. Muramoto and N. Shimizu (2007). "Effect of Gas
Impregnation in Silicone Rubber on Electrical Tree Initiation". Annual
Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.
53-56
[5] N. Qiong, Z. Yuanxiang, C. Zhengzheng and C. Haihang (2009). "Effect
of Frequency on Electrical Tree Characteristics in Silicone Rubber".
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Properties and
Applications of Dielectric Materials. 513-516
[6] B. X. Du, Z. L. Ma, Y. Gao and T. Han (2011). "Effect of Ambient
Temperature on Electrical Treeing Characteristics in Silicone Rubber".
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 18 (2) 401-
407
[7] B. X. Du, Z. L. Ma, Y Gao and T. Han (2010). "Effect of Temperature
on Electrical Tree in Silicone Rubber. International Conference on Solid
Dielectrics", Potsdam, Germany. 1-4
[8] B. X. Du1, Z. L. Ma and Y. Gao (2009). "Phenomena and Mechanism of
Electrical Tree in Silicone Rubber". Proceedings of the 9th International
Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials. 37-
40
[9] M. H. Ahmad, H. Ahmad, Y. Z. Arief and R. Kurnianto (2011). "Effects
of Oil Palm Shell Filler on Inception and Propagation of Electrical
Treeing in Silicone Rubber Composite Material Under AC Voltage".
International Review on Modelling and Simulations (I.RE.MO.S.). 4 (2),
653-661.
[10] R. Kurnianto, Y. Murakami, N. Hozumi and M.Nagao (2007).
"Characterization of Tree Growth in Filled Epoxy Resin: The Effect of
Filler and Moisture Contents". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation 14 (2) 427-435
[11] M. Nagao, K. Oda, K. Nishioka, Y. Muramoto and N. Hozumi (2002).
"Effect of moisture on treeing phenomenon in epoxy resin with filler
under ac voltage". Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology Hibarigaoka 951-954
[12] T.Imai, F.Sawa, T. Nakano, T. Ozaki, T. Shimizu, M. Kozako and T.
Tanaka (2006). "Effects of Nano- and Micro-filler Mixture on Electrical
Insulation Properties of Epoxy Based Composites". IEEE Transactions
on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 13 (1) 319-326
[13] S. Alapati and M. Joy Thomas (2008). "Electrical Treeing in Polymer
Nanocomposites". Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference
(NPSC), IIT Bombay 351-355
[14] S. Raetzke, Y. Ohki, T. Imai, T. Tanaka and J. Kindersberger (2009).
"Tree Initiation Characteristics of Epoxy Resin and Epoxy/Clay
Nanocomoposite". IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical
Insulation. 16 (5) 1473-1480
[15] H. Z. Ding and B. R. Varlow (2004). "Effect of Nano-Fillers on
Electrical Treeing in Epoxy Resin Subjected to AC Voltage". Annual
Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.
332-335
[16] R. Kurnianto, Y. Murakami and M. Nagao (2008). "Investigation of
Filler Effect on Treeing Phenomenon in Epoxy Resin under ac Voltage".
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 15 (4) 1112-
1119
[17] M. Deraman. "Ressitivity of Carbon from Oil Palm Bunches:
Percolation Theory". J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 27 (1994) 1060-1062.
[18] A. Hassan, A. A. Salema, F. N. Ani, and A. Abu Bakar, "A Review On
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite
Materials", Polym. Compos. pp 2080-2101, 2010
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:63629", author = "M. H. Ahmad and A. A. A. Jamil and H. Ahmad and M. A. M. Piah and A. Darus and Y. Z. Arief and N. Bashir", title = "Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a New Organic Filler for Electrical Tree Inhibition", abstract = "The use of synthetic retardants in polymeric insulated
cables is not uncommon in the high voltage engineering to study
electrical treeing phenomenon. However few studies on organic
materials for the same investigation have been carried. .This paper
describes the study on the effects of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
(OPEFB) microfiller on the tree initiation and propagation in silicone
rubber with different weight percentages (wt %) of filler to insulation
bulk material. The weight percentages used were 0 wt % and 1 wt %
respectively. It was found that the OPEFB retards the propagation of
the electrical treeing development. For tree inception study, the
addition of 1(wt %) OPEFB has increase the tree inception voltage of
silicone rubber. So, OPEFB is a potential retardant to the initiation
and growth of electrical treeing occurring in polymeric materials for
high voltage application. However more studies on the effects of
physical and electrical properties of OPEFB as a tree retardant
material are required.", keywords = "Oil palm empty fruit bunch, electrical tree, siliconerubber, fillers.", volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "249-6", }
