Life Table and Reproductive Table Parameters of Scolothrips Longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as a Predator of Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Scolothrips longicornis Priesner is one of the
important predators of tetranychid mites with a wide distribution
throughout Iran. Life table and population growth parameters of S.
longicornis feeding on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus
turkestani Ugarov & Nikolski were investigated under laboratory
condition (26±1ºC, 65±5% R.H. and 16L: 8D). To carry of these
experiments, S. longicornis collections reared on cowpea infested
with T. turkestani were prepared. The eggs with less than 24 hours
old were selected and reared. The emerged larvae feeding directly on
cowpea leaf discs which were infested with T. turkestani. Thirty
females of S. longicornis with 24 hours age were selected and
released on infested leaf discs. They replaced daily to a new leaf disc
and the laying eggs have counted. The experiment continued till the
last thrips had died. The result showed that the mean age mortality of
the adult female thrips were between 21-25 days which is nearly
equal life expectancy (ex) at the time of adult eclosion. Parameters
related to reproductive table including gross reproductive rate, net
reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase and finite rate of
increase were 48.91, 37.63, 0.26 and 2.3, respectively. Mean age per
female/day, mean fertile egg per female/day, gross hatch rate, mean
net age fertility, mean net age fecundity, net fertility rate and net
fecundity rate were 2.23, 1.76, 0.87, 13.87, 14.26, 69.1 and 78.5,
respectively. Sex ratio of offspring also recorded daily. The highest
sex ratio for females was 0.88 in first day of oviposition. The sex
ratio decreased gradually and reached under 0.46 after the day 26 and
the oviposition rate declined. Then it seems that maintenance of
rearing culture of predatory thrips for mass rearing later than 26 days
after egg-laying commence is not profitable.
[1] R.L. Bevill, and S. M. Louda. Comparisons of related rare and common
species in the study of plant rarity. Conser. Biol. 1999, 13: 493-498.
[2] R.L. Brandenburg, and G.G. Kennedy. Ecological and agricultural
considerations in the management of two-spotted spider mite
(Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agric. Zool. Rev. 1987, 2:185-236.
[3] J.R. Carey. Applied demography for biologists. Oxford University Press,
1993.
[4] P.L. Coville, and W.W. Allen. Life table and feeding habits of
Scolothrips sexmaculatus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 1977, 70: 11 - 16.
[5] J. Eilenberg and A. Hajek, and C. Lomer. Suggestions for unifying the
terminology in biological control. BioControl. 2001, 46: 387-400.
[6] R.M. Gabre, F.K. Adham, H. Chi, Life table of Chrysomya
megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Acta Oecologica.
2005, 27: 179-183.
[7] F.E. Gilstrap and E.R. Oatman. The bionomics of Scolothrips
sexmaculatus an insect predator of spider mite. Hilgardia. 1976, 44(2):
27 - 59.
[8] H. Gocmen. Investigation on the biology of the Scolothrips longicornis
Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceeding of the Second Turkish
National Congress of Entomology. 1992, 411- 417.
[9] A.E. Hajek. Natural Enemies, An Introduction to Biological Control.
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[10] R.A. Hamlen, and R.K. Lindquist. Comparison of two Phytoseiulus
species as predators of two-spotted spider mites on greenhouse
ornamentals. Env. Entomol. 1981, 10:524-527.
[11] M.P. Hassell. The dynamics ofarthropod predatorprey system. Princeton
University Press, 1978.
[12] N.W. Hussey, and C.B. Huffaker. Spider mites. In: V.L. Delucchi (ed).
Studies in biological control. Cambridge University Press. London.
1976, pp. 179-228.
[13] M.K.P. Meyer. Mite pests and their predators on cultivated plants in
southern Africa. Vegetables and berries. ARC, South Africa. 1996.
[14] M.K.P. Meyer, and C. Craemer. Mites (Arachnida: Acari) as crop pests
in southern Africa: an overview. Afr. Plant Prot. 1999, 5:37-51.
[15] S.E. Naranjo. Conservation and evaluation ofnatural enemies in IPM
systems for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection. 2001, 20: 835-852.
[16] Y.L. Park, and J.H. Lee. Leaf cell and tissue damage of cucumber
caused by twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), J. Econ.
Entomol. 2002, 95: 952-957.
[17] C. Sengonca, and S. Gerlach. A new developed method "leaf-island" for
observation on thrips in the laboratory. Turk. Bit. Kor. Dery. 1983, 7:
17-22.
[1] R.L. Bevill, and S. M. Louda. Comparisons of related rare and common
species in the study of plant rarity. Conser. Biol. 1999, 13: 493-498.
[2] R.L. Brandenburg, and G.G. Kennedy. Ecological and agricultural
considerations in the management of two-spotted spider mite
(Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agric. Zool. Rev. 1987, 2:185-236.
[3] J.R. Carey. Applied demography for biologists. Oxford University Press,
1993.
[4] P.L. Coville, and W.W. Allen. Life table and feeding habits of
Scolothrips sexmaculatus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 1977, 70: 11 - 16.
[5] J. Eilenberg and A. Hajek, and C. Lomer. Suggestions for unifying the
terminology in biological control. BioControl. 2001, 46: 387-400.
[6] R.M. Gabre, F.K. Adham, H. Chi, Life table of Chrysomya
megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Acta Oecologica.
2005, 27: 179-183.
[7] F.E. Gilstrap and E.R. Oatman. The bionomics of Scolothrips
sexmaculatus an insect predator of spider mite. Hilgardia. 1976, 44(2):
27 - 59.
[8] H. Gocmen. Investigation on the biology of the Scolothrips longicornis
Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceeding of the Second Turkish
National Congress of Entomology. 1992, 411- 417.
[9] A.E. Hajek. Natural Enemies, An Introduction to Biological Control.
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[10] R.A. Hamlen, and R.K. Lindquist. Comparison of two Phytoseiulus
species as predators of two-spotted spider mites on greenhouse
ornamentals. Env. Entomol. 1981, 10:524-527.
[11] M.P. Hassell. The dynamics ofarthropod predatorprey system. Princeton
University Press, 1978.
[12] N.W. Hussey, and C.B. Huffaker. Spider mites. In: V.L. Delucchi (ed).
Studies in biological control. Cambridge University Press. London.
1976, pp. 179-228.
[13] M.K.P. Meyer. Mite pests and their predators on cultivated plants in
southern Africa. Vegetables and berries. ARC, South Africa. 1996.
[14] M.K.P. Meyer, and C. Craemer. Mites (Arachnida: Acari) as crop pests
in southern Africa: an overview. Afr. Plant Prot. 1999, 5:37-51.
[15] S.E. Naranjo. Conservation and evaluation ofnatural enemies in IPM
systems for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection. 2001, 20: 835-852.
[16] Y.L. Park, and J.H. Lee. Leaf cell and tissue damage of cucumber
caused by twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), J. Econ.
Entomol. 2002, 95: 952-957.
[17] C. Sengonca, and S. Gerlach. A new developed method "leaf-island" for
observation on thrips in the laboratory. Turk. Bit. Kor. Dery. 1983, 7:
17-22.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:62203", author = "Mehdi Gheibi and Shahram Hesami", title = "Life Table and Reproductive Table Parameters of Scolothrips Longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as a Predator of Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae)", abstract = "Scolothrips longicornis Priesner is one of the
important predators of tetranychid mites with a wide distribution
throughout Iran. Life table and population growth parameters of S.
longicornis feeding on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus
turkestani Ugarov & Nikolski were investigated under laboratory
condition (26±1ºC, 65±5% R.H. and 16L: 8D). To carry of these
experiments, S. longicornis collections reared on cowpea infested
with T. turkestani were prepared. The eggs with less than 24 hours
old were selected and reared. The emerged larvae feeding directly on
cowpea leaf discs which were infested with T. turkestani. Thirty
females of S. longicornis with 24 hours age were selected and
released on infested leaf discs. They replaced daily to a new leaf disc
and the laying eggs have counted. The experiment continued till the
last thrips had died. The result showed that the mean age mortality of
the adult female thrips were between 21-25 days which is nearly
equal life expectancy (ex) at the time of adult eclosion. Parameters
related to reproductive table including gross reproductive rate, net
reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase and finite rate of
increase were 48.91, 37.63, 0.26 and 2.3, respectively. Mean age per
female/day, mean fertile egg per female/day, gross hatch rate, mean
net age fertility, mean net age fecundity, net fertility rate and net
fecundity rate were 2.23, 1.76, 0.87, 13.87, 14.26, 69.1 and 78.5,
respectively. Sex ratio of offspring also recorded daily. The highest
sex ratio for females was 0.88 in first day of oviposition. The sex
ratio decreased gradually and reached under 0.46 after the day 26 and
the oviposition rate declined. Then it seems that maintenance of
rearing culture of predatory thrips for mass rearing later than 26 days
after egg-laying commence is not profitable.", keywords = "Tetranychus, Scolothrips, Demography, Life table,
Reproductive table", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "937-3", }