Investigation into Black Oxide Coating of 410 Grade Surgical Stainless Steel Using Alkaline Bath Treatment
High reflectance of surgical instruments under bright
light hinders the visual clarity during laparoscopic surgical
procedures leading to loss of precision and device control and creates
strain and undesired difficulties to surgeons. Majority of the surgical
instruments are made of surgical grade steel. Instruments with a non
reflective surface can enhance the visual clarity during precision
surgeries. A conversion coating of black oxide has been successfully
developed 410 grade surgical stainless steel .The characteristics of
the developed coating suggests the application of this technique for
developing 410 grade surgical instruments with minimal reflectance.
[1] Gerald McDonnell, Denise Sheard -A Practical Guide to
Decontamination in Healthcare. (2012), Wiley Blackwell Publishers,
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, UK ISBN-10: 1444330136, (70-
75).
[2] Howard L. Levine , M. Pais Clemente -Sinus Surgery: Endoscopic and
Microscopic Approaches. (2004), Thieme Publisher, ISBN-10:
0865779724, (174-178).
[3] N. Arab & M. Rahimi Nezhad Soltani -A Study of Coating Process of
Cast Iron Blackening. Journal of Applied Chemical Research, 9, 13-23
(2009) ISSN: 2008-3815.
[4] Mel Schwartz -Encyclopedia and Handbook of Materials, Parts and
Finishes. Second Edition, (2002), CRC Press LLC, Florida, ISBN-10:
1566766613, 479-490.
[5] Mikell P. Groover- Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials,
Processes, and systems. Fourth edition, (2010), John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, ISBN-10: 0470467002, 114-116.
[6] Standard Recommended practice for cleaning and descaling stainless
steel parts, equipment, and systems. Cleaning stainless steel, ASTM STP
538, American Society for Testing Materials, (1973), 1- 16.
[7] Linden H Wagner Corrosion resistance of black oxide coatings on mild
and corrosion resistant steels, Engineering Support of Standardization
Project X.O. 76502-0001,1964
[8] F. Khelfaoui, Y. Bellouard, T. Gessmann, X. Wang, Harvard University;
J. Vlassak, M. Hafez -An Investigation of the Oxidation of Laser and
Furnace-Annealed Sputter-Deposited NiTi Thin Films Using
Reflectivity Measurements. SMST-2004, Proceedings of the
International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic
Technologies, ASM International (2006), 427-434.
[9] K.K. Saju, Sasidharan Vidyanand, N.H. Jayadas, Jackson James, M.K.
Jayaraj -Effect Of Surface Characteristics Of Anodized Ti-6Al-4V
Implant Material On Osteoblast Attachment And Proliferation.
J.Orthopaedics (2009);6(1)e5.
[10] M. Haidopoulos, S. Turgeon -Development of an optimized
electrochemical process for subsequent coating of 316 stainless steel for
stent applications. J Mater Sci:Mater Med (2006) 17, 647-657.
[11] Bharat Bhushan -Principles and Applications of Tribology. second
edition,(2013) John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York , ISBN: 978-1-119-
94454-6, 131-135.
[12] Bjorn Karlsson and Carl G. Ribbing -Optical constants and spectral
selectivity of stainless steel and its oxides. J. Appl. Phys. 53, Issue 9,
6340 (1982).
[1] Gerald McDonnell, Denise Sheard -A Practical Guide to
Decontamination in Healthcare. (2012), Wiley Blackwell Publishers,
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, UK ISBN-10: 1444330136, (70-
75).
[2] Howard L. Levine , M. Pais Clemente -Sinus Surgery: Endoscopic and
Microscopic Approaches. (2004), Thieme Publisher, ISBN-10:
0865779724, (174-178).
[3] N. Arab & M. Rahimi Nezhad Soltani -A Study of Coating Process of
Cast Iron Blackening. Journal of Applied Chemical Research, 9, 13-23
(2009) ISSN: 2008-3815.
[4] Mel Schwartz -Encyclopedia and Handbook of Materials, Parts and
Finishes. Second Edition, (2002), CRC Press LLC, Florida, ISBN-10:
1566766613, 479-490.
[5] Mikell P. Groover- Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials,
Processes, and systems. Fourth edition, (2010), John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, ISBN-10: 0470467002, 114-116.
[6] Standard Recommended practice for cleaning and descaling stainless
steel parts, equipment, and systems. Cleaning stainless steel, ASTM STP
538, American Society for Testing Materials, (1973), 1- 16.
[7] Linden H Wagner Corrosion resistance of black oxide coatings on mild
and corrosion resistant steels, Engineering Support of Standardization
Project X.O. 76502-0001,1964
[8] F. Khelfaoui, Y. Bellouard, T. Gessmann, X. Wang, Harvard University;
J. Vlassak, M. Hafez -An Investigation of the Oxidation of Laser and
Furnace-Annealed Sputter-Deposited NiTi Thin Films Using
Reflectivity Measurements. SMST-2004, Proceedings of the
International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic
Technologies, ASM International (2006), 427-434.
[9] K.K. Saju, Sasidharan Vidyanand, N.H. Jayadas, Jackson James, M.K.
Jayaraj -Effect Of Surface Characteristics Of Anodized Ti-6Al-4V
Implant Material On Osteoblast Attachment And Proliferation.
J.Orthopaedics (2009);6(1)e5.
[10] M. Haidopoulos, S. Turgeon -Development of an optimized
electrochemical process for subsequent coating of 316 stainless steel for
stent applications. J Mater Sci:Mater Med (2006) 17, 647-657.
[11] Bharat Bhushan -Principles and Applications of Tribology. second
edition,(2013) John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York , ISBN: 978-1-119-
94454-6, 131-135.
[12] Bjorn Karlsson and Carl G. Ribbing -Optical constants and spectral
selectivity of stainless steel and its oxides. J. Appl. Phys. 53, Issue 9,
6340 (1982).
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:73015", author = "K. K. Saju and A. R. Reghuraj", title = "Investigation into Black Oxide Coating of 410 Grade Surgical Stainless Steel Using Alkaline Bath Treatment", abstract = "High reflectance of surgical instruments under bright
light hinders the visual clarity during laparoscopic surgical
procedures leading to loss of precision and device control and creates
strain and undesired difficulties to surgeons. Majority of the surgical
instruments are made of surgical grade steel. Instruments with a non
reflective surface can enhance the visual clarity during precision
surgeries. A conversion coating of black oxide has been successfully
developed 410 grade surgical stainless steel .The characteristics of
the developed coating suggests the application of this technique for
developing 410 grade surgical instruments with minimal reflectance.", keywords = "Conversion coatings, 410 stainless steel, black oxide,
reflectance.", volume = "10", number = "5", pages = "276-5", }
