Influence of Watertable Depth on Soil Sodicity and Salinity
In order to monitor the water table depth on soil profile
salinity buildup, a field study was carried out during 2006-07. Wheat
(Rabi) and Sorghum (Kharif) fodder were sown in with three
treatments. The results showed that watertable depth lowered from
1.15m to 2.89 m depth at the end of experiment. With lower of
watertable depth, pH, ECe and SAR decreased under crops both
without and with gypsum and increased in fallowing. Soil moisture
depletion was directly proportional to lowering of watertable. With the
application of irrigation water (58cm) pH, ECe and SAR were reduced
in cropped plots, reduction was higher in gypsum applied plots than
non-gypsum plots. In case of fallowing, there was increase in pH, EC,
while slight reduction occurred in SAR values. However, soil salinity
showed an increasing upward trend under fallowing and its value in
0-30 cm soil layer was the highest amongst the treatments.
[1] J. Mohyuddin and S. Ahmed. "Evaluation of the Best Fertilizers
Combination in Order to Obtain Higher Crop Yields under Normal and
Saline Soil Conditions". Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, vol. 12, no.
2, pp. 19-24, 2008.
[2] PCRWR. "Groundwater quality of southern Punjab. Executive Summary
of the project report of Pakistan Council of Research for Water
Resources". pp. 1-1, 2007.
[3] NRCS. "Helping people understand soils". Natural Resources
Conservation Service: United States Department of Agriculture (Last
modified on 17.06.2009 and Browed on 26.07.2009).
[4] MINFAL. "Irrigation water resources for 2007-2008". Water Resources
Section, Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. 2009.
[5] R. H. Saleh and F.R. Troeh. "Salt distribution and water consumption
from a water table with and without a crop". Agron. J., vol. 74, no. 2, pp.
321-324, 1982.
[6] Anonymous. "Salinity and waterlogging". Sindh Vision 2030, Planning
and Development Department, Government of Sindh, pp. 1-230, 2007.
[7] FAO. "Soil salinity and waterlogging in Sindh". In: Sindh Vision 2030,
pp.5, 2003.
[8] GOP. "Land utilization statistics". Bureau of Statistics, Government of
Pakistan, Islamabad, 2009.
[9] I. Hussain. "Water Logging, Salinity Eat into Farmers' Yields". Asia
water wire, pp. 1-2, 2009.
[10] H. A. Randhawa. "Water development for irrigated agriculture in
Pakistan: past trends, returns and future requirements". Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Pakistan, pp. 1-10, 2007.
[11] J.C. Alurrade, C. A. Gandarillas and G.V. Skogerboe. "Application of
crop based irrigation operations to Chashma Right Bank Canal".
International Irrigation Management Institute, Report No. R - 66, Lahore,
1998.
[12] K. M. Schmidt. "Relationship of salinity and depth to the water table on
Tamarix spp. (Saltcedar) growth and water use". Texas Digital Library.
http: tamu.edu/473, 2004.
[13] R. Chhabra and N.P. Thakur. "Lysimeter study on the use of biodrainage
to control waterlogging and secondary salinization in (canal) irrigated
arid/semi-arid environment". Irrigation and Drainage Systems, vol. 12,
no. 3, pp. 265-288, 1998.
[14] R. Chhabra and A. Kumar. "Effect of water-table depths and groundwater
salinities on the growth and biomass production of different forest
species". Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 78, no. 9, pp.
785-790, 2008.
[15] S. Akram, H. A. Kashkouli and E. Pazira. "Sensitive variables controlling
salinity and water table in a bio-drainage system". Irrig. Drainage Syst.
Vol. 22, no. , pp. 271-285, 2009.
[16] S.M. Lesch, C.A. Sanchez, D. L. Corwin and D. L. Suarez. "Statistical
assessment of the relationship between marketable lettuce yield, soil
salinity, and the depth to water table across the south gila and yuma cwua
water districts". Laboratory Publication. Final Report for Cooperative
Project, pp. 47, 2006.
[17] M. H. Jorenush, and A. R. Sepaskhah. "Modelling capillary rise and soil
salinity for shallow saline water table under irrigated and non-irrigated
conditions". Agricultural Water Management, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 125-141,
2003.
[18] M.H. Chang, and Q.A. Sipio. "Reclamation of Saline-Sodic Soils by Rice
Husk". Journal of Drainage and Water Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.
29-33, 2001.
[19] R., R. Ali, L. Elliott, J. E. Ayars, E. W. Stevens. "Soil Salinity Modeling
Over Shallow Water Table. I: Validation of LEACHC". Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 223-233, 2000.
[20] E R. Ocasio and T. M. Lopez. "The effects of salinity on the dynamics of
a Pterocarpus officinalis forest stand in Puerto Rico". Journal of Tropical
Ecology, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 559-568, 2007.
[21] P.G. Slavich, G. H. Petterson and D. Griffin. "Effects of irrigation water
salinity and sodicity on infiltration and lucerne growth over a shallow
watertable". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 42, no.
3, pp. 281-290, 2002.
[22] C.H. Sreenivas, K. Reddy and N.G. Acharya. "Salinity-sodicity
relationships of the Kalipatnam drainage pilot area, Western Delta, India".
Irrigation and Drainage, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 533-544, 2008.
[1] J. Mohyuddin and S. Ahmed. "Evaluation of the Best Fertilizers
Combination in Order to Obtain Higher Crop Yields under Normal and
Saline Soil Conditions". Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, vol. 12, no.
2, pp. 19-24, 2008.
[2] PCRWR. "Groundwater quality of southern Punjab. Executive Summary
of the project report of Pakistan Council of Research for Water
Resources". pp. 1-1, 2007.
[3] NRCS. "Helping people understand soils". Natural Resources
Conservation Service: United States Department of Agriculture (Last
modified on 17.06.2009 and Browed on 26.07.2009).
[4] MINFAL. "Irrigation water resources for 2007-2008". Water Resources
Section, Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. 2009.
[5] R. H. Saleh and F.R. Troeh. "Salt distribution and water consumption
from a water table with and without a crop". Agron. J., vol. 74, no. 2, pp.
321-324, 1982.
[6] Anonymous. "Salinity and waterlogging". Sindh Vision 2030, Planning
and Development Department, Government of Sindh, pp. 1-230, 2007.
[7] FAO. "Soil salinity and waterlogging in Sindh". In: Sindh Vision 2030,
pp.5, 2003.
[8] GOP. "Land utilization statistics". Bureau of Statistics, Government of
Pakistan, Islamabad, 2009.
[9] I. Hussain. "Water Logging, Salinity Eat into Farmers' Yields". Asia
water wire, pp. 1-2, 2009.
[10] H. A. Randhawa. "Water development for irrigated agriculture in
Pakistan: past trends, returns and future requirements". Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Pakistan, pp. 1-10, 2007.
[11] J.C. Alurrade, C. A. Gandarillas and G.V. Skogerboe. "Application of
crop based irrigation operations to Chashma Right Bank Canal".
International Irrigation Management Institute, Report No. R - 66, Lahore,
1998.
[12] K. M. Schmidt. "Relationship of salinity and depth to the water table on
Tamarix spp. (Saltcedar) growth and water use". Texas Digital Library.
http: tamu.edu/473, 2004.
[13] R. Chhabra and N.P. Thakur. "Lysimeter study on the use of biodrainage
to control waterlogging and secondary salinization in (canal) irrigated
arid/semi-arid environment". Irrigation and Drainage Systems, vol. 12,
no. 3, pp. 265-288, 1998.
[14] R. Chhabra and A. Kumar. "Effect of water-table depths and groundwater
salinities on the growth and biomass production of different forest
species". Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 78, no. 9, pp.
785-790, 2008.
[15] S. Akram, H. A. Kashkouli and E. Pazira. "Sensitive variables controlling
salinity and water table in a bio-drainage system". Irrig. Drainage Syst.
Vol. 22, no. , pp. 271-285, 2009.
[16] S.M. Lesch, C.A. Sanchez, D. L. Corwin and D. L. Suarez. "Statistical
assessment of the relationship between marketable lettuce yield, soil
salinity, and the depth to water table across the south gila and yuma cwua
water districts". Laboratory Publication. Final Report for Cooperative
Project, pp. 47, 2006.
[17] M. H. Jorenush, and A. R. Sepaskhah. "Modelling capillary rise and soil
salinity for shallow saline water table under irrigated and non-irrigated
conditions". Agricultural Water Management, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 125-141,
2003.
[18] M.H. Chang, and Q.A. Sipio. "Reclamation of Saline-Sodic Soils by Rice
Husk". Journal of Drainage and Water Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.
29-33, 2001.
[19] R., R. Ali, L. Elliott, J. E. Ayars, E. W. Stevens. "Soil Salinity Modeling
Over Shallow Water Table. I: Validation of LEACHC". Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 223-233, 2000.
[20] E R. Ocasio and T. M. Lopez. "The effects of salinity on the dynamics of
a Pterocarpus officinalis forest stand in Puerto Rico". Journal of Tropical
Ecology, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 559-568, 2007.
[21] P.G. Slavich, G. H. Petterson and D. Griffin. "Effects of irrigation water
salinity and sodicity on infiltration and lucerne growth over a shallow
watertable". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 42, no.
3, pp. 281-290, 2002.
[22] C.H. Sreenivas, K. Reddy and N.G. Acharya. "Salinity-sodicity
relationships of the Kalipatnam drainage pilot area, Western Delta, India".
Irrigation and Drainage, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 533-544, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:54360", author = "F.A. Chandio-A.G. Soomro and A.H. Memon and M.A.Talpur", title = "Influence of Watertable Depth on Soil Sodicity and Salinity", abstract = "In order to monitor the water table depth on soil profile
salinity buildup, a field study was carried out during 2006-07. Wheat
(Rabi) and Sorghum (Kharif) fodder were sown in with three
treatments. The results showed that watertable depth lowered from
1.15m to 2.89 m depth at the end of experiment. With lower of
watertable depth, pH, ECe and SAR decreased under crops both
without and with gypsum and increased in fallowing. Soil moisture
depletion was directly proportional to lowering of watertable. With the
application of irrigation water (58cm) pH, ECe and SAR were reduced
in cropped plots, reduction was higher in gypsum applied plots than
non-gypsum plots. In case of fallowing, there was increase in pH, EC,
while slight reduction occurred in SAR values. However, soil salinity
showed an increasing upward trend under fallowing and its value in
0-30 cm soil layer was the highest amongst the treatments.", keywords = "Aquifer, Soil Salinity, Soil sodicity, Water table", volume = "5", number = "8", pages = "417-5", }
