Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Employee Engagement among Generation Y
The aim of this research is to determine the influence of transformation leadership style on employee engagement among Generation Y. The growing of Generation Y employees in Malaysia has raised concerns about how to engage and motivate this cohort. Transformation Leadership style is one of the key factors to increase employee engagement levels in the organization. This study has proven to be important for the researchers and the organization to properly understand the concept of employee engagement, transformation leadership style and their relationship. The samples in this study included 221 respondents of Generation Y who are currently working in Selangor and Klang Valley area in Malaysia. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results show that there is a significant relationship between the dimension of intellectual stimulation, inspiration motivation and individual consideration on employee engagement. In contrast, the results have revealed that there is no significant relationship between idealized influences of a leader on employee engagement among Generation Y.
[1] J.A. Gruman and A. M. Saks, "Performance management and employee engagement," Human Resource Management Review, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 123–136, Jun. 2011.
[2] J. Xu and H. Cooper Thomas, "How can leaders achieve high employee engagement?" Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 399–416, Jun. 2011.
[3] M. Saks, "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement," Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 600–619, Oct. 2006.
[4] G. Ozcelik, "Engagement and retention of the Millennial generation in the workplace through internal Branding," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 10, no. 3, Feb. 2015.
[5] J. W. Westerman and J. H. Yamamura, "Generational preferences for work environment fit: Effects on employee outcomes," Career Development International, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 150–161, Apr. 2007.
[6] Arakawa, C. D. (2013, February). How will the leadership style of Generation Y impact the traditional standards of law enforcement by 2020? California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, pp. 1-15. Available: http://lib.post.ca.gov/lib-documents/cc/Class52/52-Arakawa.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[7] C.A. Martin and B. Tulgan, “Managing the Generation Mix:Second Edition From Urgency to Opportunity,” Amherst, Canada: HRD Press, Inc. 2006. Available: https://downloads.hrdpressonline.com/files/7320080417162646.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[8] S. Swathi, “Impact of Leadership on Employee Engagement,” International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, pp. pp. 151-157, May 2013. Available: http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2013/May/14.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[9] D. Hayati, M. Charkhabi, and A. Naami, "The relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement in governmental hospitals nurses: A survey study," SpringerPlus, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 25, 2014.
[10] B.M. Bass, and B.J Avolio, “Full range leadership development: manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire,” Mind Garden Inc: Palo Alto, USA, 1997.
[11] W. A. Kahn, "Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 692–724, Dec. 1990.
[12] K. Scarlett, “What is employee engagement?” 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2015, from Scarlett Surveys International, The Survey Company: http://www.scarlettsurveys.com/papers-and-studies/white-papers/what-is-employee-engagement Accessed: Nov. 24, 2016.
[13] B. K. Sundaray, “Employee Engagement:A Driver of Organization Effectivess,” European Journal of Business and Management, pp. 53-59, 2011. Available: file:///C:/Users/PC-LAB01-03/Downloads/600-1501-1-SM%20 (1).pdf. Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[14] N. Vazirani, “Employee Engagement. College of Management Studies,” 2005. Available: http://www.siescoms.edu/images/pdf/reserch/working_papers/employee_engagement.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[15] B.M. Bass, “Leadership and performance beyond expectations,” New York: The Free Press, 1985.
[16] B.M. Bass, "From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision," Organizational Dynamics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 19–31, Dec. 1990.
[17] A. E. Datche, and E. Mukulu, “The effects of transformational leadership on employee engagement: A survey of civil service in Kenya,” Issues in Business Management and Economics Vol.3 (1), pp. 9-16, Jan.2015. Available: http://journalissues.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/01/Datche-and-Mukulu1.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[18] J. M. Burns,” Leadership. New York: Harper and Row,” 1978.
[19] S. M. Crampton and J. W. Hodge, "Generation Y: Unchartered territory," Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), vol. 7, no. 4, Apr. 2009.
[20] J. G. Harber, “Generations in the Workplace: Similarities and Differences,” Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2011.
[21] Weyland, "Engagement and talent management of gen Y," Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 439–445, Oct. 2011.
[22] L. Al-Khasawneh and S. M. Futa, "The impact of leadership styles used by the academic staff in the Jordanian public universities on modifying students’ behavior: A field study in the northern region of Jordan," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2012.
[23] Robbins, Stephen P., Mary Coulter, and N. Vohra. "Introduction to Management and Organizations." Management 10th Edition. Pearson Education: Publishing Prentice Hall Publications (2009): 2-21.
[24] D.D. Warrick, “Leadership Styles and Their Consequences,” Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation, pp. 155-172, 1981. Available: http://memberfiles.freewebs.com/84/90/65819084/documents/Leadership%20Style%20and%20thier%20consequence.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[25] A. Swid, "Police members perception of their leaders’ leadership style and its implications," Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 579–595, Aug. 2014.
[26] M. A. Syndell, “The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Transformational Leadership Style,” Cappella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2008.
[27] B.M. Bass, "Two decades of research and development in Transformational leadership," European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–32, Mar. 1999.
[28] T. M. Bennett, “A study of the management leadership style preferred by IT subordinates,” Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, pp. 1-26, 2009.
[29] Alimo-Metcalfe and J. Alban-Metcalfe, "The crucial role of leadership in meeting the challenges of change," Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 27–39, Apr. 2005.
[30] T. A. Judge and R. F. Piccolo, "Transformational and Transactional leadership: A Meta-Analytic test of their relative validity," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 755–768, 2004.
[31] G. Yukl, “Leadership in Organizations, 6th ed,” Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. 2006.
[32] L. Suharti and D. Suliyanto, “The Effects of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style toward Employee Engagement and Their Impacts toward Employee Loyalty,” World Review of Business Research, pp. 128-139, Sept 2012.
[33] J.E. Bono and T. A. Judge, "Personality and Transformational and Transactional leadership: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 901–910, 2004.
[34] D. Hamman, “Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement amongst Knowledge Workers,” Gordon Institute of Business Science, pp. 1-75, Nov. 7, 2012.
[35] K. Wilson, “A survey of Employee Engagement,” Missouri,Columbia. May 2009.
[36] J. R. Edwards, “Development of the Survey of Transformational Leadership for Application to the Substance Abuse Treatment Field”. Fort Worth, Texas, 2008.
[1] J.A. Gruman and A. M. Saks, "Performance management and employee engagement," Human Resource Management Review, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 123–136, Jun. 2011.
[2] J. Xu and H. Cooper Thomas, "How can leaders achieve high employee engagement?" Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 399–416, Jun. 2011.
[3] M. Saks, "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement," Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 600–619, Oct. 2006.
[4] G. Ozcelik, "Engagement and retention of the Millennial generation in the workplace through internal Branding," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 10, no. 3, Feb. 2015.
[5] J. W. Westerman and J. H. Yamamura, "Generational preferences for work environment fit: Effects on employee outcomes," Career Development International, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 150–161, Apr. 2007.
[6] Arakawa, C. D. (2013, February). How will the leadership style of Generation Y impact the traditional standards of law enforcement by 2020? California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, pp. 1-15. Available: http://lib.post.ca.gov/lib-documents/cc/Class52/52-Arakawa.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[7] C.A. Martin and B. Tulgan, “Managing the Generation Mix:Second Edition From Urgency to Opportunity,” Amherst, Canada: HRD Press, Inc. 2006. Available: https://downloads.hrdpressonline.com/files/7320080417162646.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[8] S. Swathi, “Impact of Leadership on Employee Engagement,” International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, pp. pp. 151-157, May 2013. Available: http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2013/May/14.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[9] D. Hayati, M. Charkhabi, and A. Naami, "The relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement in governmental hospitals nurses: A survey study," SpringerPlus, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 25, 2014.
[10] B.M. Bass, and B.J Avolio, “Full range leadership development: manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire,” Mind Garden Inc: Palo Alto, USA, 1997.
[11] W. A. Kahn, "Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 692–724, Dec. 1990.
[12] K. Scarlett, “What is employee engagement?” 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2015, from Scarlett Surveys International, The Survey Company: http://www.scarlettsurveys.com/papers-and-studies/white-papers/what-is-employee-engagement Accessed: Nov. 24, 2016.
[13] B. K. Sundaray, “Employee Engagement:A Driver of Organization Effectivess,” European Journal of Business and Management, pp. 53-59, 2011. Available: file:///C:/Users/PC-LAB01-03/Downloads/600-1501-1-SM%20 (1).pdf. Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[14] N. Vazirani, “Employee Engagement. College of Management Studies,” 2005. Available: http://www.siescoms.edu/images/pdf/reserch/working_papers/employee_engagement.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[15] B.M. Bass, “Leadership and performance beyond expectations,” New York: The Free Press, 1985.
[16] B.M. Bass, "From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision," Organizational Dynamics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 19–31, Dec. 1990.
[17] A. E. Datche, and E. Mukulu, “The effects of transformational leadership on employee engagement: A survey of civil service in Kenya,” Issues in Business Management and Economics Vol.3 (1), pp. 9-16, Jan.2015. Available: http://journalissues.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/01/Datche-and-Mukulu1.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[18] J. M. Burns,” Leadership. New York: Harper and Row,” 1978.
[19] S. M. Crampton and J. W. Hodge, "Generation Y: Unchartered territory," Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), vol. 7, no. 4, Apr. 2009.
[20] J. G. Harber, “Generations in the Workplace: Similarities and Differences,” Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2011.
[21] Weyland, "Engagement and talent management of gen Y," Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 439–445, Oct. 2011.
[22] L. Al-Khasawneh and S. M. Futa, "The impact of leadership styles used by the academic staff in the Jordanian public universities on modifying students’ behavior: A field study in the northern region of Jordan," International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2012.
[23] Robbins, Stephen P., Mary Coulter, and N. Vohra. "Introduction to Management and Organizations." Management 10th Edition. Pearson Education: Publishing Prentice Hall Publications (2009): 2-21.
[24] D.D. Warrick, “Leadership Styles and Their Consequences,” Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation, pp. 155-172, 1981. Available: http://memberfiles.freewebs.com/84/90/65819084/documents/Leadership%20Style%20and%20thier%20consequence.pdf Accessed: Nov. 25, 2016.
[25] A. Swid, "Police members perception of their leaders’ leadership style and its implications," Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 579–595, Aug. 2014.
[26] M. A. Syndell, “The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Transformational Leadership Style,” Cappella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2008.
[27] B.M. Bass, "Two decades of research and development in Transformational leadership," European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–32, Mar. 1999.
[28] T. M. Bennett, “A study of the management leadership style preferred by IT subordinates,” Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, pp. 1-26, 2009.
[29] Alimo-Metcalfe and J. Alban-Metcalfe, "The crucial role of leadership in meeting the challenges of change," Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 27–39, Apr. 2005.
[30] T. A. Judge and R. F. Piccolo, "Transformational and Transactional leadership: A Meta-Analytic test of their relative validity," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 755–768, 2004.
[31] G. Yukl, “Leadership in Organizations, 6th ed,” Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. 2006.
[32] L. Suharti and D. Suliyanto, “The Effects of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style toward Employee Engagement and Their Impacts toward Employee Loyalty,” World Review of Business Research, pp. 128-139, Sept 2012.
[33] J.E. Bono and T. A. Judge, "Personality and Transformational and Transactional leadership: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 901–910, 2004.
[34] D. Hamman, “Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement amongst Knowledge Workers,” Gordon Institute of Business Science, pp. 1-75, Nov. 7, 2012.
[35] K. Wilson, “A survey of Employee Engagement,” Missouri,Columbia. May 2009.
[36] J. R. Edwards, “Development of the Survey of Transformational Leadership for Application to the Substance Abuse Treatment Field”. Fort Worth, Texas, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:74686", author = "Z. D. Mansor and C. P. Mun and B. S. Nurul Farhana and Wan Aisyah Nasuha Wan Mohamed Tarmizi", title = "Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Employee Engagement among Generation Y", abstract = "The aim of this research is to determine the influence of transformation leadership style on employee engagement among Generation Y. The growing of Generation Y employees in Malaysia has raised concerns about how to engage and motivate this cohort. Transformation Leadership style is one of the key factors to increase employee engagement levels in the organization. This study has proven to be important for the researchers and the organization to properly understand the concept of employee engagement, transformation leadership style and their relationship. The samples in this study included 221 respondents of Generation Y who are currently working in Selangor and Klang Valley area in Malaysia. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results show that there is a significant relationship between the dimension of intellectual stimulation, inspiration motivation and individual consideration on employee engagement. In contrast, the results have revealed that there is no significant relationship between idealized influences of a leader on employee engagement among Generation Y.", keywords = "Employee engagement, gen Y, transformational leadership styles, survey.", volume = "11", number = "1", pages = "155-5", }
